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林业科学 ›› 2006, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 6-10.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20060502

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

毛乌素沙地降水、蒸散时间分布格局及其对土地利用的意义

宋云民1,2 刘致远3 周泽福4 党宏忠4 刘绍民5   

  1. 1.中南林学院,长沙410004;2.国家林业局林业工作站管理总站北京100714;3.山西吕梁山森林经营局车鸣峪林场,吕梁033400;4.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091;5.北京师范大学地理与遥感学院,北京100875
  • 收稿日期:2005-12-22 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2006-05-25 发布日期:2006-05-25

Temporal Patterns of Precipitation, Evapotranspiration and the Meaning to Land Use in Mu Us Sandland

Song Yunmin1,2,Liu Zhiyuan3,Zhou Zefu4,Dang Hongzhong4,Liu Shaomin5   

  1. 1.Central South Forestry University Changsha 410004; 2.Forestry Ministration Workstation of the State Forestry Administration Beijing 100714;3. Che Mingyu Forest Farm, Forestry Management Bureau of Lüliang Mountain, Shanxi Province Lüliang 033400; 4. Research Institute of Forestry,CAF Beijing 100091; 5.Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS,School of Geography,Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875
  • Received:2005-12-22 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2006-05-25 Published:2006-05-25

摘要:

运用统计分析和遥感分析方法,对毛乌素沙地腹地乌审旗沙区1981—2003年间的降水、蒸散分布格局进行研究。结果表明:1)研究区降水集中在6—8月份,主要以暴雨出现,沙壤土入渗率高,降雨能很快渗入土壤,故很少形成径流;2)研究区23年间平均年蒸散量为252mm,略低于降水,年蒸散量呈从东向西递减的趋势。7月蒸散量最大,1和12月最小,呈“单峰”正态分布,与降水的年变化趋势基本一致;3)该地区蒸散相对变率为10%~24%,从西北向东南地区递减;4)从水资源总量和现有植被盖度(0·7)来看,水资源收支处于低水平的基本平衡,但降水时空分布的不均匀性、沙地生态系统的脆弱性及特殊的生态过渡性对水资源的有效性造成了严峻的考验,因此在饲草料种植中推广、普及高效节水的农业灌溉技术,对于提高水资源利用率和保持区域水资源平衡具有十分重要的意义。

关键词: 毛乌素沙地, 降水, 蒸散

Abstract:

The temporal pattern of precipitation and evapotranspiration in Wushen County, Mu Us Sandland from 1981 to 2003 has been studied by statistical and the remote sensing analysis methods. The result showed: 1) In main rainy season from June to August, the frequency of rainstorm is higher, rain permeated so quickly that very little runoff produced; 2)The mean annual evapotranspiration of the studied area is 252 mm, which is lower than precipitation slightly and decreases from the east to the west. The distribution of evapotranspiration for seasons was a single peak normal, and the peak value was in July and the hollow value were in January and December. The tends of evapotranspiration is similar to precipitation; 3) The relative rate of evapotranspiration in the studied area varied greatly in 10%~24%, displaying decreasing tends from the northwest to the southeast; 4) Based on the water quantity and the vegetation cover degree (0.7), the water resources revenue and expenditure,were in a dynamitic low level balance, but the non-uniformity of the precipitation distribution, the vulnerability and the transition of the sand ecosystem decreased validity of water resources, therefore, it is very important to adopt water-saving irrigation agricultural technologies to improve water use efficiency rate in fodder plantation.

Key words: Mu Us sandland, precipitation, evapotranspiration