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林业科学 ›› 2004, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 45-49.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20040507

• 论文及研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒沙区植被人工修复与种子植物物种多样性的变化

杨洪晓 卢琦 吴波 罗天祥 杨恒华   

  1. 北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875;中国林业科学研究院中国防治荒漠化研发中心,北京100091;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;青海省沙珠玉治沙试验站,共和813005
  • 收稿日期:2003-12-03 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2004-09-25 发布日期:2004-09-25

Changes of Plant Species Diversity in the Process of Human-Induced Vegetation Restoration in Sandy Lands of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Yang Hongxiao,Lu Qi,Wu Bo,Luo Tianxiang,Yang Henghua   

  1. College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875;China National R & D Center for Combating Desertification & Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091;Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101;Shazhuyu Sand Control Experimental Station of Qinghai Province Gonghe 813005
  • Received:2003-12-03 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2004-09-25 Published:2004-09-25

摘要:

以1958年以来青海省沙珠玉治沙站流沙治理实验为基础,研究了高寒沙区植被人工修复过程中种子植物物种多样性变化的规律。结果表明:人工治理初期沙地植物群落的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数不断增大,并逐渐达到最大值;但是随着恢复的继续进行,赖草会逐渐占据优势,上述三项指数降低。设置人工沙障后削弱了沙丘表面风沙活动对植物定居的不良影响,促进植物物种顺利定居并启动植被的恢复重建。

关键词: 高寒沙区, 沙障, 人工固沙植被, 植被重建, 物种多样性

Abstract:

Sand control and human-induced vegetation restoration is very important to improve local environments and achieve sustainable development in Qinghai_Tibet Plateau. Since 1958, a series of experiments to combat desertification have been conducted in Shazhuyu of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province. In this study, several indices of plant species diversity, increased rapidly after establishing sand barriers. At the earlier phase of artificial sand fixation vegetation, all these indices reached a maximum, and then decreased because of the overwhelming dominance of Leymus secliumus population in late succession. It indicated that on shifting sand dunes of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, persistent erosion and sand drifting caused by strong winds are probably the limiting factor or bottleneck for plant species to survive shifting sand dunes. When mechanical and biological sand barriers are established, wind erosion and sand drifting can be weakened dramatically, which created relatively favorable conditions for native plant species to survive there and then accelerated the vegetation restoration. Total cover and cover of Leymus secliumus which is dominant in best-restored vegetaion are the most sound indices to evaluate degree of vegetation restoration, instead of plant species diversity which rose at the beginning of restoration but decreased reversely after a short time and dropped to bottom in best-restored vegetation. According to intermediate disturbance hypothesis, we argue that the low species diversity maybe results from the overwhelming dominance of Leymus secalimus that can exclude some other plant species.

Key words: Alpine sandy land, Sand barriers, Artificial sand fixation vegetation, Human_induced vegetation restoration, Species diversity