集水造林不同密度林分生长研究

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20020210

林业科学 ›› 2002, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 54-60.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20020210

集水造林不同密度林分生长研究

王克勤王百田王斌瑞高海平

西南林学院,昆明650224；北京林业大学,北京100083；山西省方山县林业局,方山033100

收稿日期:2000-08-04 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2002-03-25 发布日期:2002-03-25

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF FORESTS WITH DIFFERENT DENSITY IN THE SYSTEM OF AFFORESTATION BY WATER-HARVESTING

Wang Keqin,Wang Baitian,Wang Binrui,Gao Haiping

Southwest Forestry College Kunming650224;Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083;Bureau of Forestry, Fangshan County, Shanxi Province Fangshan033100

Received:2000-08-04 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2002-03-25 Published:2002-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在黄土高原,集水造林与常规造林相比,林木的生长规律和林分的生产力水平有显著的差异,其产生的根本原因是集水造林通过增加植树带汇流量改善了林地土壤水分条件。通过对4种密度(840、1110、2220和3330株·hm^-2)自然坡面集水造林的15a生刺槐林及拍光坡面集水造林和常规造林(密度同为1000株·hm^-2)的9a生刺槐林进行研究,表明林分密度越小(集水面积越大) ,微型集水区产流率越高,则植树带汇流量越大。以密度为840株·hm^-2 的林分植树带汇流量为100%计,则从小到大其余3种密度的林分植树带汇流量分别占93.60%、81.77%和84.43%,密度最小的林分年均土壤含水率比密度最大的2林分高约20%～25%;集水造林比常规造林植树带年汇流量多30%左右,土壤水分相差约10%。由于水分条件的差异和密度效应,各密度林分间及集水造林和常规造林间的树高、胸径和材积生长量差异显著,尤其生长总量最为明显,从小到大4种密度林分15a时树高分别为12.10、10.31、8.45和7.22m ,胸径分别达到17.14、11.61、9.17和6.56cm,林分蓄积量分别为214.58、110.29、121.35和84.03m³·hm^-2;集水造林和常规造林9a时的树高生长分别达到9.13和7.04m,胸径生长分别达到9.88和7.69cm,林分蓄积量分别为62.73和32.57m³·hm^-2。集水造林的密度大于1000株·hm^-2 时林分的生长较差。各林分的连年生长量随着降雨量出现年际变化,最大值出现在降雨量高的年份,并且密度最大的林分连年生长量最大值出现的年龄较早。

关键词: 集水造林, 植树带汇流量, 林木生长, 黄土高原

Abstract:

There were great differences in the growth laws of stands and productivity of forest between afforestation by water-harvesting and conventional afforestation on the Loess Plateau. The basic reason was that afforestation by water-harvesting improved the condition of soil moisture in forest owing to increase of runoff volume collected in the planting strip. 15 years old four black locust forests with different densities such as 840 stands·hm^-2, 1110 stands·hm^-2,2220 stands·hm^-2 and 3330 stands·hm^-2 built by natural slope water-harvesting, and 9 years old two forests built respectively by stamped slop water-harvesting and conventional measure were studied in this paper. The results showed that the forest density was thinner (the size of water micro catchment area was larger), the runoff ratio of water micro-catchment area was higher, and the runoff volume collected in the planting strip was more. If it was 100 percent in forest with density of 840 stands·hm^-2, the runoff volume in other forests from low to high density made respectively up 93.60, 81.77 and 84.43 percent. The annual soil moisture in the lowest density forest increased 20～25 percent more than that in one of the two highest density forests. The runoff volume collected in the planting strip in the afforestation by water-harvesting was 30 percent more than that in the conventional afforetation, and the difference of soil moisture between the two forests was about 10 percent. Because of the different water condition and dominant effect of forest density, the growth of height, DBH (diameter at breast height) and volume between different treatment forests were greatly different. Especially, the difference of total increment was the most remarkable. The growth status would be worse when the forest density was more than 1000 stands·hm^-2. The current annual increment of atands put up an annual variation law with precipitation. The maximum of the current annual increment arose in the year with highest precipitation. The maximum of the current annual increment in the highest density forest had arisen at the earlier age.

Key words: Afforestation by water-harvesting, Runoff volume collected in the planting strip, Growth of forest tree, The Loess Plateau

王克勤王百田王斌瑞高海平. 集水造林不同密度林分生长研究[J]. 林业科学, 2002, 38(2): 54-60.

Wang Keqin;Wang Baitian;Wang Binrui;Gao Haiping. STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF FORESTS WITH DIFFERENT DENSITY IN THE SYSTEM OF AFFORESTATION BY WATER-HARVESTING[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2002, 38(2): 54-60.

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集水造林不同密度林分生长研究

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF FORESTS WITH DIFFERENT DENSITY IN THE SYSTEM OF AFFORESTATION BY WATER-HARVESTING

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