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林业科学 ›› 2000, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 85-91.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20000415

• 问题讨论 • 上一篇    下一篇

对中国林业可持续发展问题的基本认识

黄选瑞 张玉珍 周怀钧 滕起和 卢占山   

  1. 河北农业大学林学院,保定071000;河北省林业勘察设计院,石家庄050081;包头市师范学校,包头014000
  • 收稿日期:1999-10-28 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2000-07-25 发布日期:2000-07-25

BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

Huang Xuanrui,Zhang Yuzhen,Zhou Huaijun,Teng Qihe,Lu Zhanshan   

  1. Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071000;Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning of Hebei Province Shijia Zhuang 050081;Baotou Normal School Baotou 014000
  • Received:1999-10-28 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2000-07-25 Published:2000-07-25

摘要: 林业是环境再生产的主导产业。林业可持续发展,关键在于规范和调整林业部门的经营、管理行为。而森林的可持续经营强调通过对森林生态系统的有效经营管理,为社会经济发展提供多种物质产品和环境服务功能。中国林业发展面临着:巨大的人口压力、经济运行体制的变革、现行林业政策体系不健全,以及土地资源相对不足、水资源总量少、生态环境形势依然严峻的现实。林业发展目标取向的现实差异,要求政府建立起适当的协调机制,在保障森林经营者、部门,乃至全体公民合法权益的基础上,实现林业可持续发展社会、经济、生态环境目标的协调。林业部门也必须把社会、生态环境目标,融于经济目标之中,避免或减少外部不经济性的产生。关于林业可持续发展实践,一是要明确特定区域对林业的需求结构和自然基础;二是建立相应的社会、经济、生态环境目标和森林目标;三是构筑起配套的技术体系;四是完善政策保障体系。中国自然资源结构、地理特征和社会经济发展现状呈现出显著的地域分异规律。由此决定了不同的区域,或者同一区域的不同时段,在社会经济发展进程中,对于林产品和森林生态环境功能的需求结构和发展道路存在着差异。因此,区域化在中国林业可持续发展实践中具有极其特殊的意义。

关键词: 中国, 林业可持续发展, 森林可持续经营, 区域化

Abstract: Forestry is a major industry in environmental reproduction. The key of sustainable forestry development lies in regulating and adjusting the management behaviors of forest manager and department. By means of managing forest ecosystem effectively, sustainable forest management emphasizes that forest ecosystem provides varied material products and environment services for social and economical development. The facts that forestry confronts in China include: enormous population pressure, transform of economical system, unsoundness of forestry policy systems in effect, as well as the relative inadequate land resources, the total quantity of water resources in China is not enough, and the critical situation of ecological environment. There is practical variance in objective orientation of forestry development the government must strike up appropriate harmonious mechanism based on ensuring legal authority of forest managers, forest department and all citizenry and to realize the coordination of society, economy and environment objectives of sustainable forestry development. Forestry department must join society and ecological environment objectives into economy objectives to avoid or decrease the appearance of external diseconomy. To the sustainable forestry development, the essential task is to set up the ecologically rational, socially and economically feasible operating system in management. It has four specific tasks. Firstly, determining what natural basis for agricultural management is needed in the process of sustainable forestry development; Secondly, combining the above social demands with natural basis, to determine the social, economic and ecological environment objective, and the forest objective in the sustainable forestry development which can guarantee the realization of the three objectives; Thirdly, to determine the means of realizing the objective of sustainable forestry development, including the strategy, the special means, the technological system of the sustainable forestry development and its operating system; Fourth, to improve the guarantee system of sustainable forestry development, including the system of macro regulation and control by the government, the system of public participation, management system, the system of rational disposition of interests based on the property right system and the system of the scientific research and education in forestry. In China, the natural resourecs structure, geographical characters and the present situation of social and economic development appear conspicuous regional division rules. So the difference of needs for forest products and forest ecosystem environment function, as well as the difference of forestry development load are existed in social and economic development process for different regional or different periods in the same regional. Therefore, regionalisation has a very important significance in practices of sustainable forestry development.

Key words: China, Sustainable forestry development, Sustainable forest management, Regionalisation