The changes of soil properties of the successive Chinese Fir plantation were studied in Dagang mountain of Jiangxi Province. The result shows that the soil physical properties of young and middle aged Chinese Fir plantations of the 1st generation are better than that of the 2nd generation. Compared the activities of soil enzymes between two generations, the same result, i.e. soil enzyme activities of all the 1st generations are much higher than that of the 2nd generations is showed. Comparing their chemical properties, the result seems irregular during young aged period. Some important soil chemical properties, such as soil humus and soil N, are much higher in the 2nd generations and become regular in the middle aged period. That is, the content of all factors in 2nd generations are much lower than that in 1st generations except the content of available Cu and available Fe.

Ecological processes occurred in the ecotone from shifting sand desert to oasis cropland are by far important for desertification development and oasis sustainability. Carbon fixation and emission, the principal ecosystem process along a desertification gradient in the ecotone in Minqin Oasis, Gansu Province was studied. Net photosynthetic rate, leaf dark respiration rate and water use efficiency of Tamarix ledeb and Nitraria tongutorum, the dominant species in the sucessional plant communities were examined. Leaf and soil respiration were also measured in the gradient. Although the two species had similar leaf dry weight based photosynthetic rate,T. ledeb plant and its dominated plant community had higher rate of photosynthesis and soil respiration, therefore, its intensity of carbon biogeochemical cycling was higher than that of N. tongutorum community. During the desertification process from T.ledeb community to N. tongutorum community and further to mobile sand, local and regional carbon cycling and nutrient turnover changed dramatically. The strength of cycling as well as temporal and spatial variation decreased.

Based on the study on the history of fire disturbance at landscape scale in virgin forest in northern of Daxing'an Mountains, this paper studied the cohort structure of Larix gmelini population and its relations to the fire disturbance and site. The cohort structure based on the number of cohort of Larix gmelini population was rich, and there were 6-groups from the group of 1-cohort to the group of 6-cohort with patch-mosaic distribution in landscape. The group of 3-cohort and the group of 4-cohort being the main type were aggregated in space,while the others were heterogeneity in space. The fire frequency, fire intensity and their synthetical regime influenced the number of cohort strongly, while the effect of fire intensity was more significant. The fire of low frequency or high intensity increased the number of population cohort, however that of high frequency or low intensity decreased the number of cohort. In addition, there was different number of cohort among different forest type groups. The number of cohort showed such: group of nearby stream > group of Alnus mandshurica> group of Ledum palustre. The cohort structure based on the fire disturbance regimes was also abound, and there were 3groups, 6 sub-groups, and 12 types in patch mosaic. The sub groups of regeneration cohort dominance & pre fire cohort inferiority and the sub type of pre fire cohort dominance & regeneration cohort inferiority being the main sub type distributed aggregately, while the others were of high spatial heterogeneity. The cohort structure was intensely affected by fire frequency, fire intensity and their synthetical regime. The fire frequency was advantage to the dominance cohort,while the fire intensity controlled the inferiority cohort. There were sub-groups of regeneration cohort dominance & pre-fire cohort inferiority on site of low frequency or high intentisy sub-groups of regeneration cohort dominance & post fire cohort inferiority on site of middle frequency or middle intensity, and sub-groups of pre-fire dominance & post fire cohort inferiority on site of high frequency or low intensity. The group and the sub-group of cohort structure changed with site. Both the sub-groups of cohort structure on site of the group of nearby stream and the group of Alnus mandshurica were sub-groups of regeneration cohort dominance & pre-fire cohort inferiority, but that on site of the group of Ledum palustre was a sub-group of regeneration cohort dominance & post-fire cohort inferiority. There was sub-groups of regeneration cohort dominance & pre-fire cohort inferiority on site toward east, while sub-groups of pre-fir cohort dominance & post-fire cohort inferiority on site toward west and north. There were 224 forest compartments, being groups of regeneration cohort dominance while being groups of pre-fire cohort dominance 218forest compartments.

Tangtsinia nanchuanica is a kind of rare and primitive plants, a class Ⅱ protected species in China. Its distribution area is very limited. Together with another primitive orchid, Cephalanthera falcata, they are only found in the understory of subtropical Pinus massoniana forests in Nanchuan, Chongqing, China. Using an open gas-exchange system(LI-COR6400), the response and adaptation of the two orchids to variable sunlight were studied. the results showed that:①Because of the influence of temperature, in order to get more reliable results, the accessory-temperature-control sub-system should be used. ②In any variable light environment from 800 to 200 μmol photons·m^-2s^-1, the two orchids could keep an almost constant net photosynthetic rate(P_n),transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductivity (Con), water use efficiency (WUE=P_n/E) and internal CO₂ concentration (C_i), and manifest the good adaptation to this large light variation. Even shade from 800 to 100 μmol photons·m^-2s^-1 gradually, their E and C I didn' t change abruptly. In most cases, the water wasn't the limit factor influencing the growth of herbs in the understory of P.massoniana forests, but the light was. So, in order to promote the solar energy use efficiency, the two orchids reduced their WUE to adapt the sun/shade transition. ③In the condition of shade to less than 200 μmol photons·m^-2s^-1 discontinuously, at the beginning of shade, their P_n declined to the minimum immediately,E and Con also reduced slowly, but the C_i could raise more than 20%. During 5-min shade periods, their P_n rose slowly, their E and Con still reduced slowly, and their C_i could keep the high level. When the light level increased again, C. falcata's P_n would recover more rapidly than T.nanchuanica 's. Their E and C_i could get back to the original levels rapidly in most cases, but the Con couldn't recover. All those above indicated that T.nanchuanica and C.falcata could adapt the variable light environment in the understory of P.massoniana forests very well. Maybe those were the general properties of the shade-tolerant herbs in the subtropical P.massoniana forests.

Growth, photosynthetic characteristics and water parameters of two Poplar clone seedlings were studied comparatively under different water conditions in order to explore their adaptation mechanism to water stress. The results indicated that water stress affected growth and photosynthetic rate of the 2 Poplar clones, and its effect on Populus×xiaozhuanica‘Zhaolin-6’was less than on Populus×euramericana cv.‘N3016’.Photosynthesis of the 2 clones was limited by stomatal factor within 16 days after water stress;and it was limited by non-stomatal factor 16 days after stopping watering and in the recovering period.Respiration rates decreased under water stress conditions,especially that of ‘Zhaolin-6’,which was advantageous to carbon balance. When water stress was imposed ,ψ_s¹⁰⁰,ψ_s⁰ and ROWC⁰ of the two clones decreased,and the difference between ψ_s¹⁰⁰ and ψ_s⁰ increased ,which showed that Poplar could have adaptation reaction to water stress through osmotic adjustment and maintain turgor. And the ability of Populus×xiaozhuanica ‘Zhaolin-6' was stronger than that of P.×euramericana cv.‘N3016’, which indicated that drought tolerance of Populus×xiaozhuanica ‘Zhaolin-6' was greater.

The allocation of the photosynthetic products in Chinese Fir seedlings was studied in this paper. Experiments were arranged under different N and P concentration and different NP compound nutrition levels in the soil. Results showed that the variation of nutrition in soil could affect the allocation pattern of photosynthetic products between root and shoot in seedlings .The relationship between the nutrition status in soil and the allocation pattern of photosynthetic products between root and shoot could be described by a Allometic model: y=ax^k. Based on the relationship between the nutrition status and the allocation pattern of photosynthetic products between root and shoot and the change patterns of the parameter k of Allometic model caused by the sensitivity of seedlings to the nutrition stress, a new nutrition equilibrium theory and a new nutrition diagnosis method were proposed in this paper. The diagnosis method could be expressed as: (1) If the parameter k of Allometic model was lower than 1 (k<1), the relative growth rate of root was higher than that of shoot, and seedlings fell in the status of nutrient deficiency. (2) If k>1,the relative growth rate of root was lower than that of shoot, and seedlings were over nutritious . But this situation had never occurred in nature. (3) When k=1, the relative growth rate of root was equal to that of shoot, and seedlings were in the status of nutrition equilibrium. According to the new diagnosis method, the nutrient diagnosis standards about the soil and the leaf of Chinese Fir were framed, and had been proved to be feasible by a great number of fertilization experiments on the young stands, the half mature stands and the near mature stands.

The property of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in two Jujube cultivars `Dongzao' and `Lizao' was studied, including phenols, specificity on substrates of PPO and effects of pH and concentration of substrate on PPO activity. It was showed that both Jujube cultivars had an optimum pH range,the value was 7.0 The optimum native substrate of PPO in `Dongzao' was gallate, and in `Lizao' was asafoetida acid.

The average heterozygosity of male clone “LM 50” (Populus tomentosa) and its hybrid female clone “TB01”(P.tomentosa×P.bolleana) was estimated, using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) technique, based on random samples with 120 progeny. The hybrids were derived from an interspecific backcross between the female hybrid clone “TB01” and the male clone “LM50”. The result showed that the average heterozygosity was 18.71% with a range of 9.10% ～ 30.19% for male clone “LM50” (P. tomentosa), and 8.47% varied from 1.39% to 20.31% for female clone “TB01” (P.tomentosa×P.bolleana), respectively, using 30 different AFLP primer combinations. Therefore, the average heterozygosity of clone “LM50” was 2.21 times larger than the one of clone “TB01”, based on the segregation population.

The induction of embryogenic cultures from controlled pollinated seeds was tested for Norway Spruce and hybrid Larch in different years. The amount of established stable lines in both species was determined. A reduction in the regeneration potential of the lines was observed after a few years. In Norway Spruce, contrary to hybrid Larch, only some established lines were able to grow in suspension culture. Established embryogenic lines of both species not in all cases were able to regenerate somatic embryos. The use of polyethyleneglycoll and the mode of abscisic acid sterilisation were found to be factors responsible for the number of mature somatic embryos formed. The transfer of somatic embryos into germinating plants and later on to the soil was possible for hybrid Larch lines. Insufficient root formation in Norway Spruce somatic embryos influenced the transfer to the soil negatively. The low number of stable embryogenic lines (<5%) formed in both species confirmed that this step is the most limiting one within this plant regeneration method at present.

In this study, experimental materials were taken from thirty-year-old trees of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. growing on arboretum of Shenyang Agriculture University. In July and August of 2000 respectively, immature pterodia of F. mandshurica were taken, then surface chemical treatment was made to them with 0.1% mercury bichloride, finally, under aseptic condition, immature embryos were taken out from pterodium and cultivated on initial media. After emergence of seedlings, shoot multiplication culture and rooting culture were made. The result of immature embryo culture showed that it was difficult to obtain sprouts from proembryos culture, however, survival rate and plant percent of immature embryo culture both were high, when embryo root and cotyledon had developed, and immature embryos cultivated on agar-solidified WPM media containing no plant growth regulators were highest, up to 100% and 88.5% respectively. And seedling cultivated on WPM media grew prolifically and average height of seedling was higher compared with that on other media. The shoot multiplication rate of embryo culture of F. mandshurica was low, only 2.125 seedlings per month, when explants were cultivated on WPM+ BA 1 mg·L^-1 +NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1. Rooting of F. mandshurica was easy. Rooting percentage of explants cultivated on QL and WPM media was 66% and 60% respectively.

Statistics analysis showed the general pattern of forest type diversity in studied area: most villages had forest type of two predominant tree species;the number of forest type in mosaic pattern increased from the northern to the southern. A maximal covering model on forest type diversity and reserve selection had been built .The model was solved by greedy algorithm,and five villages had been selected for the maximal covering pattern of forest type diversity and they were suitable for reserve sites. The forest type diversity was probably not only formed by nature, human influence could not be completely excluded in the studied area.

The structural, physiological and biochemical changes of the substitute host(Coleoptera)parasitized by Scleroderma sichuanensis were studied. The structure of the parasitized substitute host changed significantly on the 10th day. The content of protein and amino acids & the activity of proteinase changed remarkably after the substitute host parasitized by Scleroderma sichuanensis. The content of the protein decreased sharply on the 3rd to 6th day and got the minimum 340.878 0 mg·g^-1 on the 10th day after parasitization. But the total content of the free amino acids increased step by step, so got the maximum 22.362 7 mg·g^-1 on the 10th day, increased by 42.45% compared with the 1st day's. The content of Ser, Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Phe, Ile, Leu, Lys, Trp etc. changed as the total free amino acids content. The highest free amino acids content of parasitized alternative host pupae was Ala on the 3rd, 6th and 10th day, except the 1st day was Tyr with that of the control alternative host pupae being Tyr in all the period. The activity of proteinase elevated rapidly on the 1st to 3rd day after parasitization. It got the maximum 634.786 8 μg Tyr.g^-1·min^-1 on the 3rd day, then descended slowly to the level of the 1st day's. Then the metabolism of protein and amino acids of alternative host the nutritional physiology of S. sichuanensis larvae were discussed.

The occurring regularity and integrated management of the scale-insect,Kuwanaspis howardi Cooley,were studied on Guantang Forest Farm of Chibi,Hubei Province from 1990 to 1994.The results showed that most of the pest had two generations,and a few one or three generations during a year.The winter was passed by most of the second-generation pregnant adult female and a few by the first generation adult female or the 1st-instar larva or 2nd-instar female larva of the third generation.The main natural enemies were some of the lacewings,parasitic wasps,fungi and mites.The insect mainly occurred at the foot of mountains,northern slopes and in thick bamboo forestlands,especially on the six years old bamboos,on which the scale insect was found on 93.3% of the trunks below 3 metres. When the incubation of the first generation adults was in boom in the last ten days of May,the control effect against it could respectively reach 79.2%,85.75%,93 1% by spraying trunks with 20% deltamethrin emulsion,injecting trunks with 40% dimethoate emulsified oil and pouring roots with 3% granulated carbofuran,but the incubation of adult was long,the control effect of the bamboo forest was not obvious.The good effect of control was achieved by thinning,cultivating and cleaning the damaged bamboo forest with the pest density declining to 1.45 heads from 100 heads per 100 quarter centimeters,and by strongly lumbering bamboos seriously injuried by the insect,fully reclaiming and cutting snotches,and applying fertilizer by burying green litters with the pest density decreasing by 97.0%,and the mean diameter of renewing bamboos increased by 1.3 centimeters.

The effects of electrostatic dusting with different voltages was determined using microscope slides counting method,and was compared with the effect of normal dusting. The results showed that,the deposit density of the electrostatic dusting with 5.0×10⁴V, 3.0×10⁴V and 1.5×10⁴V voltages were respectively 3.77,3.24 and 1.72 times that in the normal dusting. In practice the ideal effect of the electrostatic dusting could be achieved by using 3×10⁴V voltage electrostatic duster.

The natural wood Alder was mainly impregnated by vinyl monomers, which mixed in with acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) that produced ternary polymerization (AMA) in the experiment. The new-style macromolecule organic polymers material (AMA-wood) was made by thermochemical manufacturing processes. The experimental method below includes the wood impregnation with vinyl monomers by full-cell pressure mehtod and the heat treatment of impregnated wood by heat-initiator method producing vinyl WPC. At the same time ZnCl₂ adding into the cell walls activated Alder. Studies probe some of the physical-mechanical properties and forming behavior of wood polymer composite material by the national standard (GB1927-1943). Other operating properties such as graft loading, microscopic structure have been considered and compared with those of natural wood by means of FTIR and scanning electron microscope. The data presented suggest that physics-mechanical properties of WPC-Alder are much better than in unmodified wood. Density, compressive strength parallel to grain of wood, bending strength, static bending, hardness of cross section, hardness of radial section, hardness of tangential section are among these, which is increased by 59.8%, 76.7%, 90.4%, 22.2%, 102.3%, 153.6%, 152.2% respectively. The water absorption of AMA-wood is 56.7% lower, as well as the swelling of AMA-wood 19.0% lower than that of natural wood.

How to establish creep model of under change loads are unfathomed contents in theory studies and applications of wood rheology. This paper broke through traditional modeling method and put forward a concept of variable coefficients rheological model that parameters of elements change with time and loads. The two-units Maxwell body of variable coefficients simulated for the creep behavior of poplar wood. The results showed that the variable coefficients rheological model could use a few of spring damper unit instead of multi unit one, therefore the rheological coefficients could be solved easily. The variable coefficients rheological model could draw up the creep of wood accurately under the different forms of loads.

The theory of wood based panel micro mechanical and wood-cell was adopted, and cell break theory and intensity reference calculation method that using wood fiber aligned reconstituted micro meter technology forms super high intensity wood-based panel was put forward in this paper.Using the theory , according to fiber, lignin, diameter of cell and the arrangement extent, The cell break theory can be built that micro-meter reconstituted high-intensity aligned fiberboard wood fiber cell forms super high intensity wood based panel using the aligned reconstituted micro-meter technology in the ideal state. It provided a mathematical method for the research of wood-based panel mechanical, which made it go deeply into the profundity of cell structure with mathematics method.

The flame retardant with the anti elute ability is a major direction of research and exploitation of wood flame retardants today. The char yield and the thermodynamics parameters at different stages during the pyrolysis of the wood treated with phenol flame retardants were studied by the TG DTA thermo analysis. The results showed that the char yield of the Cunninghamia lanceolata wood treated with phenol flame-retardant differs with the substituting group on the phenol, the order of the fire retardants ability was-NH₂>-Br>-NO₂. The char yield of the wood treated with 2.6-Dibromo-4-nitorphend or 2,6-Dibromo-4-aminophenol that contained both nitrogen and bromine overtake that of the corresponding single substituted phenol derivative. After the elution experiment, the char yield loss of the wood treated with di Ammonium hydrogen phosphate was five times the char yield loss of the wood treated with 2.6-Dibromo-4-nitrophenol. The increase of the char yield after the fire retardant treatment was always corresponding to the depression of peak temperature, the decrease of activation energy and the increase of speed constant, but was in negative relation with these thermodynamics parameters. Therefore, the phenol substituted with amino and bromine could not only provide the strong fire retardant ability on wood but also provide the violent anti-elute ability. The fire retardant ability of nitrogen had close relation with its oxidation state in flame-retardant. Nitrogen and bromine had synergy in fire retardant treatment of wood, too. The fire retardant treatment also affected the hygroscopic ability of wood.

It was studied by the orthogonal matrix experimental method ,to the curing reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by triphenylmethane -4,4′,4″triisocyanate(TTI) in water basal body. The Leiknonat(JQ-1)adhesive was a substitute material for TTI. The degree of the curing reaction was detected on the basis of the water-resistance of products and compressive shearing strength.Results showed that it was found that adding of TTI improve greatly the capability of cohesiveness and water resistance of polyvinyl alcohol glue. Especially, its color was steady going ivory white.

The dynamic characters of the panel saw, model MJC1125, were investigated. During studying, the fixed working table and double idler wheel push table of the saw, the main influence factors for product's surface quality, were analyzed with experimental modal analysis by striking method. And we got modal parameters and evaluated the dynamic characters. These work will supply theory foundation and data for the optimization design for the panel saw and a reference for dynamic characters study on woodworking machines.

The authentic identification of seed and seedling in the closely related tree species is a very difficult problem in the forest tree seed and seedling of inspection. The research proceeding and the related information in this area are reviewed in this paper.On these bases,the authores discuss how to develop species-specific molecular markers to distinguish closely related tree species:one method is to develop species-specific SNPs markers according to the difference of the homogenous genes or loci in different tree species,the other is to develop species-specific STS or SCAR markers due to the specific genes or loci fixed in different tree species in the evolution progress.The species-specific molecular markers developed by these two methods can be used directly in forest tree seed inspection.

As a long historic and rich recording country, China has conditions to review the relations among forest, flood, drought and desertification in historic view of thousands of years. Based on the analysis of Chinese historic data, combining with other results of research on history, the floods occurred in Yellow River and Yangtse River basin, drought and desertification enhanced in Northwest China, which resulted from deforestation in large degree, were studied systematically. The result showed: (1) In the past 4 000 a, since human population increase and its unreasonable activities, the percentage of forest cover in China dropped from 60% to 10% or so. The places of deforestation were in Yellow River basin mainly first, then it enlarged to Yangtse River basin and almost all the forest area of China. (2) The mass vanishing of forests in the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River and Yangtse River lead to a series of floods in its middle and lower districts. Its severity degree got much higher as times nearer. (3) The deforestation in Southeast China induced climate drought, precipitation scarcity, lakes dry up and desertification outspread. The equal precipitation line of 400 mm shifted from northwest to southeast. (4) Therefore, in one hand, we should regenerate forest in upper and middle reaches of rivers greatly aims to alleviate floods in middle and lower districts. In another hand, in order to prevent and control the desertification in Northwest China, forest breeding in Southeast China should be implemented and the principal of `step by step' must be followed.

The characters of flowering and non-flowering bamboo at 1-year-old and 2-year-old,including weight per area,chlorophyll content photosynthetic rate,respiratory rate and the content of N,P and K were analyzed.The results showed that comparing the flowering bamboo with non-flowering bamboo, the mean weight per area and total amount of chlorophyll of 1-year-old and 2-year-old bamboo reduced 12.75% and 21.79% respectively,the mean net photosynthetic rate decreased by 10.02%,the mean light respiratory rate and dark respiratory rate increased by 64.52% and 20.05%.The analysis also showed the flowering bamboo had lower assimilation and stronger dissimilation ability than the non-flowering bamboo.Comparing the N,P and K content in different organs,the parts under ground were most distinct,the N,P and K content in roots for flowering bamboo reduced by 17.02%,33.76% and 13.53% respectively compared with non flowering,and those in the stem under ground reduced by 27.43%,66.63% and 51.17% respectively.But the N,P and K content in the stem,branch and leaf of flowering bamboo were higher comparing with the non-flowering bamboo.

Based on the investigation data of 84 progenies of Liquidambar formosana Hance, the results indicated that there existed significant differences in tree height, DBH, basal diameter, annual height growth and branch number among 84 progenies of L. formosana at 3 years old. The family heritability ranged from 0.42 to 0.54, and the heritability of a single tree was between 0.27 and 0.43. Among these traits, the heritability values for tree height and branch number were relatively high among the families, which were moderately controlled by genetic factors, while the others were less genetically controlled. Among the families, the coefficient of phenotype variation for various traits ranged from 16.80% to 35.41%, while genetic variation coefficient was from 16.38% to 25.62%. Compared with the other traits, the phenotype and genetic variation coefficients of the tree height were the least, which indicated that this trait was relatively stable. Correlation analysis showed that there were some relationships between phenotype, environment and heredity for all the traits. On the basis of genetic gains of tree height and DBH (>5%), 9 great superior families were selected in the trial. Analysis of genetic variation of L. formosana also showed that there were great potentials in improvement for this species.

outstanding clones of Zanhuangdazao and Zanxindazao were studied using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique. This study aimed at finding out the molecular fingerprints of some related cultivars and clones. 16 10 mer primers selected from 80 ones were used for RAPD analysis. Of the total 70 bands amplified, 19 (27.14%) were polymorphic. RAPD fingerprints of 10 outstanding clones of Zanhuangdazao and Zanxindazao were established using 5 primers and 6 bands (OPE11～1 300 bp、OPG6～3 000 bp、OPF16～840 bp、OPA5～300 bp、OPA5～370 bp、OPE2～1030 bp). The dendrograms of cluster analy sis for Zanhuangdazao clones and Zanxindazao were also established by AVERAGE and SINGLE methods. At the same time, the RAPD analysis on related clones and varieties evolution was discussed accordingly.

Fifteen cuttings of each donor were taken from a clonal hedging orchard and rooted in Hunan Province in spring of 1991. A total of 552 clones were selected out of 1 000 clones based on rooting percentage, growth rate and resistance to disease and insects in 1992 and was divided into two groups. One group contained 252 clones and was planted in Hubei Province in a randomized complete block design with single tree plot and 5 replications. Seedlings from a local source were used as controls. About 15% of the least desired clones were rogued from the test plantations and the clonal hedging orchard in 1994 and 1997 It was found that: the height, diameter and volume growth of the stecklings were consistently and significantly higher than those of the seedlings over the years; the absolute growth difference between the seedlings and the stecklings increased with age dramatically, however, the gain as a percentage of current size decreased rapidly; there were significant differences among clones and roguing raised the average performance of the steckling population; early late correlation coefficients in growth of the clones were low. The results indicated that clonal selection can be done in combination with timber production and the increase of plantation performance and the development of clonal varieties can be achieved incrementally over time by roguing in the cutting orchard. The method was likely to be more effective for Chinese Fir than traditional clonal breeding method. The high percentage of gain from early selection will be low at rotation age and few clones that have not been well studied should not be used in production practice.

Based on the principles of ecological economics and ecological optimum, the management techniques of soil and water conservation forest with four management models,i.e. agroforestry, forest herbs, forest medicinal crops and forest fruit trees were studied in western Liaoning. The results showed, not only the high economic benefit, but also the ecological and social benefit will be achieved. If four models are used with combination, it will be a good way to transform the soil and water conservation forest in western Liaoning.

The concept Virtual Forest(VF) is brought up in this paper, whose four basic properties is: the accuracy about the simulated forest, the visual expression of all forest information, to large area, containing the whole information of forest may. The VF of Shangganling Forestry Bureau is very well completed with the surport of Shangganling Forestry Bureau and Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute in Heilongjiang Province, which is the combination of advanced imagine process and GIS, on which the forest characteristics of Shangganling Forestry Bureau is analyzed.

It is a whole newly conception and method to use the forest pest indexes of China to monitor the situation and population dynamics of forest pests. It's included two parts, one is the component indexes (forest pest, disease and rodents), the other is area indexes (provinces and municipalities etc.). It is annunciated real timely on the internet. The principle of the indexes programming, and its basis purpose and signification were discussed. Java technique was applied in the indexes programming.