The concentration, accumulation, spatial distribution and bioloigcal cycling of 7 microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn,Pb, Ni and Cd) as well as their changes with growth of stands in Pinus massoniana plantation of 4 different age classes were studied. The results showed that concentration of Fe was the highest among 7 microelements, followed by Mn and that of Cd was the lowest in the soil. Irespetive of age classes, microelements concentration decreased with increasing of the soil depth. Microelements of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and Ni had a higher rate of decomposition than element of Cd in the litter floor. The order of microelements concentration in different organs of Masson Pine was as follow: root>Needle>branch>bark>stem. Regardless of organs, concentrations of 7 microelements was in the order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cd, and concentrations of Pb and Cd in root were higher than those in other organs. Microelements concentration varied remarkedly with the stands growth, especially for Fe element. The total storage of microelements in the plantations ranged from 8.818 kg·hm^-2 to 103 825 kg·hm^-2 and increased with the biomass accumulation in the process of the stands growth. The storage in bark and stem was the highest and accounted for 40% to 46%. The annual absorption of microelements in 4 age classes plantations were 3. 846, 12.558, 18.753 and 13.234 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The annual returns equaled to 2.733, 9.866, 14. 866 and 9.935 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The annual retention were 1.113, 2.692, 3.887 and 3.299 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The microelement utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and recycling period were estimated to be 0.127～0 436, 0.711～0 793 and 3.226～10.450 In early stage stands, microelement use efficiency in Masson Pine plantation was lower but recycling rate was higher and turnover period was shorter. Mature stands had a lower microelement recycling rate and a longer turnover period, so the trees extract more microelement from soil. Hence measures should be taken to faciltate the successional process to reach a stable zonal community.

Since the micro_meteorological characteristics including net solar radiation, soil temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and wind speed are response factors of desertification, so our study was focused on two communities of desertification stage: Artemisia ordosica and cynanchum komarocii. Net solar radiation, soil moisture and wind speed were changed remarkably in the two communities because of the community component, structure, and cover degree. Net radiation (R _n) of Artemisia ordosica community was higher than that of Cynanchum komarocii community and a difference of soil moisture was also in existence. The depth of soil moisture that can be affected by the rain depends on the depth of precipitation: When the monthly precipitation was lower than 45?mm, Only the upper 40?cm soil moisture runs up where there most of the root system was distributed.Artemisia ordosica community has more stable soil temperature than Cynanchum komarocii community as well as more efficiency in weakening wind speed.

Soil moisture conditions and vegetation types are greatly influenced by the lithology on hill slopes under the hot and dry valley climate. By combination of climate and lithology types, the Yuanmou hot and dry valley, where there are six lithology types and three climatic types, is divided into five availability zones for artificial forests: available zone, fairly available zone, fairly unavailable zone, unavailable zone and very unavailable zone. The available zone and fairly available zone have an area of 72 975.44.hm², which accounts of 64.85% of the total area of the Yuanmou Hot and Dry Valley.

Rubber particles were isolated from Eucommia ulmoides by repeated centrifuging and washing. The results of SDS-PAGE analysis showed that more than 10 proteins associated with E. ulmoides rubber particles, among which 56 ku and 30 ku proteins were more in abundance, we named them EuRPP₅₆ and EuRPP₃₀. The expression of rubber particle proteins was not the same in male and female. In female EuRPP₃₀ was more abundant than EuRPP₅₆ , while in male, EuRPP₅₆ was more abundant than EuRPP₃₀. EuRPP₃₀ was prepared and purified. We raised the antibody against EuRPP₃₀. Immunofluorecent experiments showed that the gutta_containing cells could be stained. These works laid the foundation for studying the function of the rubber particle binding proteins as well as probing into the mechanism of E. ulmoides rubber biosynthesis.

The distributions of K、Na、Ca、Mg and Cl in different organs of Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina from Jiulongjiang estuary of Fujian, Bruguiera sexangula from Dongzhai harbor of Hainan and Rhizophora stylosa from Yingluo bay of Guangxi were studied. A comparison was made between these five mangroves and terrestrial tree: Castanopsis eyrei from Wuyi mountains of Fujian. The results indicated: (1)A efficient element redistribution mechanism existed in the 5 mangroves. There were larger differences in element contents between different organs of mangroves, while sodium distributed equally in the different organs of C. eyrei. (2)The osmoregulation of 5 mangroves was mainly fulfilled by salt accumulation.(3)Salt exclusion by roots was the most important salt tolerant mechanism of all mangroves. Keeping lower salt contents in above ground organs was the common feature of all mangroves. (4)Except the efficiency in salt exclusion by roots, no apparent deficiencies in element accumulation and distribution could be found between salt excluders (K. candel, B. sexangula and R. stylosa) and salt secreters (Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum).

The effect of sink source ratio and position on partitioning of ¹⁴C photosynthates in Chinese Date was studied by¹⁴C tracer technique in this paper.The results showed that compared with one-fruit branch,¹⁴C specific activity of fruits of two\|fruit branch decreased while total¹⁴C photosynthates increased by 6.68%. The proportion of photosynthates exported from remained leaves was raised by 17.06% when the leaves of fruit branch were removed(half of all),and the proportion of labeled photosynthates imported to fruits was also raised by 15 26%;The photosynthates exchanged mutually among fruit branches at the same mother branch; The other side leaves could provide fruits with photosynthates when the same side leaves were removed. The reason of lower fruit set was also discussed.

The effect of light in site fragmentation in Bei Mount in Zhejiang Province on physiological characteristics ofHeptacodium miconioides was studied. Characteristics of leaves, photosynthesis, membrane lipid peroxidation and endogenous protective enzymes ofH. miconioides were affected by light stress caused by fragmentation. The results indicated that in strong light (>800μmol·m^-2 s^-1) caused by fragmentation, conductivity and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) ofH. miconioides leaves increased significantly, value of chlorophyll a/b increased, and content of chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (AP) decreased. The results suggested that H. Miconioides was applicable in 350～650μmol·m^-2s^-1.

Somatic embryogenesis was successfully done in Liriodendron hybrids with the immature zygotic embryos as explants. Some factors were tested about their effects on somatic embryogenesis in this research, such as genotype, developmental stage, culture condition, plant growth regulator and osmotic potential. The results showed that the embryogenic callus was successfully induced when the experimental materials were cultured on 1/2 medium supplemented with 2,4-D 2.0～3.0 mg·L^-1. Sucrose could be used as osmoticant to improve osmotic potential of the medium and it was effective for somatic embryogenesis. The induction of somatic embryos was best when the embryonic callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0～4.0 mg·L^-1ZT. It was also proved that a proper amount of ABA could lessen the production of abnormal embryos. In addition, the genotype , developmental stage of immature embryos and light condition were important to somatic embryogenesis.

The effects of five different site management measures on the productivity of 4-year-old,second rotation Chinese Fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)plantations planted after harvesting a 29-year-old,first rotation Chinese Fir plantation in Xiayang State-owned Forest Farm,Nanping,Fujian Province,were studied.The results showed that the site index of the second rotation decreased slightly for five treatments compared to the first rotation.The best growth of the trees was observed in the BL₃BM₀(stem+bark harvest,double slash)treatment with site index 0.67 lower than its first rotation,and the next best treatment was BL₀BM₀ (complete removal of organic matter residues) with site index 0.85 lower than its first rotation.The poorest tree growth was in the BL₁BM₀(whole tree harvest)treatment with site index 1.67 lower than its first rotation.There was not a significant difference in tree growth comparing the BL₂BM₁ treatment(logging slash burning)with the BL 2BM 0 treatment(the same amount of slash but not burned).

The evaluation of main types of in-forest landscapes in the mountain area of west Beijing was conducted,44 representative photoes of in-forest landscapes and interrelated material were collected.The Public Judgment Method was adopted in acquiring the likeliness values to every in-forest landscape.Then the empirical model between likeliness values and 15 constituting elements was established by using Polybasic Mathematical Theory Ⅰ. The model showed that,the main factors which effect the quality of in-forest landscapes most efficiently were:form of trunks,dead trees & fallen woods,arrangement of trunks,coverage of ground plants,uniformity of ground plants,degree of slope.Besides,the method of field work,the decomposition of in-forest landscape elements,the general characteristics of judged landscapes,procedure of landscape judgment were stated in detail,and the conclusion of evaluation was also analyzed.

Pine shoot blight disease(Sphaeropsis sapinea) was a pine disease that took place around the world.It mainly infected Pinus taeda, P.elliottii,P.echinata and P.massoniana in China. This study showed the pine shoot blight fungus could be isolated from the healthy tissues of the four pines in each month yearly.The isolated fungus percentages were associated with 15%～37.7% of P.taeda,13.8%～57.1% of P.echinata,7.5%～29.1% of P.elliottii and 9.7%～22.4% of P.massoniana. There were some percentage differences in different parts of pine individuals,higher on branches and shoots,a little lower on buds,and the lowest on the needles.Asymptomatic shoots and buds were cultured on damp filter paper.After 10 days,pycnidias of S.sapinea could be found on the segments.The results were similar with those used isolation methods.Before the current-year spores were released,some shoots and buds of pine were covered with blastic bags.Some of shoot blight and bud rot appeared.All as above,it was sure that there existed latent infection of S.sapinea on pine.

The content of glycogen and trehalose, the activity of α amylase and trehalase changed remarkably after the alternative host parasitized by Scleroderma sichuanensis. The content of glycogen (1st-6th day) and trehalose decreased sharply on the 3rd to 6th day and got their minimum 0.719 0 mg·g^-1 and 1.384 4mg·g^-1 on the 10th day after parasitization, decreased by 98.47% and 92.21% respectively compaired with that of the 1st day. At the same time reducing sugar increased step by step, then got its maximum 13.341 6mg·g^-1 on the 10th day, 14.8 times that of the 1st day's. The activity of α amylase and trehalase elevated rapidly on the 1st to 3rd day. They got their maximum 82.581 6μmol maltose·g^-1min^-1、896.723 7μg glucose·g^-1 min^-1 on the 3rd day, then descended slowly to the level of the 1st day. Discussions were given to the sugar metabolism of the substitute host and the action of the parasite venom.

The seasonal dynamics of vertical distribution of the dominant guilds and their relation in the arthropod community in different intercropped and managed jujube yard ecosystems in Taigu were studied. The results showed that there were some laws of vertical distribution of the dominant guilds in the arthropod community in the jujube yard ecosystems. There was no obvious influence of the dominant guilds on vertical distribution of the arthropod community whether insecticide was used or not or there were weeds or not. In the different ecosystems, the proportions of guilds of the arthropod community were different seasonally and spatially, and there was some relation at the same nutrient level. The relation revealed that the neutral insects played an important role in the food web of the arthropod community. For this reason, the protection and use of natural enemies and neutral insects were equally important in the control of insect pests.

The correlation between microstructures of leaf and branch and its combustibility was studied by using the tree species with different fire resistance ability. The issue ratios of leaf, branch and nervation of ten species were measured. The species included Camellia sinensis, Eriobotrya japonica, Camellia oleifera, Viburnum amabuki, Photinia serrulata, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Ligustrum lucidum, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata. The Cone Calorimeter was used to determine the fire resistance of all samples. The results showed that the structure of leaves has affected on its combustibility. The structure of broadleaf was benefit on the transportation and loss of water. The higher the ratio of nervation, the more favorable would be the water transportation. The ratio of spongy tissue to palisade tissue had distinct regression correlation with the fire occurrence index. The ratio of spongy tissue to palisade tissue of Camellia sinensis and Schima superba was high and their fire resistance was high. The microstructures of leaf affected its combustibility. The ratio of vessel was positive correlation with the fire resistance of branch.Schima superba and Viburnum amabuki had a high weight of vessel, and they had fire resistance.

This paper dealed with anatomical characteristics of Poplar[Populus deltoides(LUX)] which was the mainly cultivated species of coastal shelterbelt in Jiangsu Province. It gived a detail description of the general characteristics of the constitutions of the secondary xylem of the plant, and measured 16 major quantitative characteristics of secondary xylem of Poplar, including annual ring width(ARW)、vessel length(VL)、vessel area of early wood and late wood( VA )、vessel perimeter of early wood and late wood (VP)、vessel diameter of early wood and late wood (VD)、percentage of solitary vessels of early wood and late wood(PSV)、vessel frequency of early wood and late wood(VF)、fiber length(FL)、fiber width(FW)、ray height(RH) and ray frequency(RF). The results indicated that, under stress of different soil salinity: (1) There was no evident variation to morphological characteristics of secondary xylem structure of Poplar in which its constitutional molecule was becoming smaller. (2) There was evident variation to quantitative characteristics of secondary xylem structure of Poplar, namely, with the gradually increasing of soil salinity 0.036%→0.289%,ARW declined 0.91→0.77μm,VL 367.6→341.5μm,FL and FW 693.8→570.4μm and 14.9→13.5μm,respectively, RH and RF changed 284.3→249.2μm and 58.9→75.5mm^-2 ,respectively. All the changes of the characters showed the growth of Poplar was restrained. With the gradually increasing of soil salinity 0.036%→0.289%,VA rised 1 575.6→1 703.6μm² and 760.1→947.7μm² in early wood and late wood, respectively, VP 167.7→195.1μm and 120.8 →143.7μm,respectively, VD 41.8→43.4μm and 29.1→33.1μm,respectively, VF 141.8→144.2mm^-2 and 160→206.7mm^-2 , respectively,PSV declined 65.9%→30.5% and 59.4%→40.8% in early wood and late wood, respectively. These changes demonstrated that the vessel shortened and widened appearing the grouping distribution under stress of soil salinity, and that both efficiency and safety of water transportation of vessel were improved.

The efficacy of anti sapstain chemical Antiblu with different concentrations against sapstain and mold on untreated, Parachem and boron preservatives treated rubberwood sawn timber were studied. The inspections results showed that environmental friendly preservative treated rubberwood sawn timber could be stored for at least 4 weeks without sapstain and mold attack before kiln drying. Therefore, the blue stain and mold problem during rubberwood processing could be solved.

In order to apply the method of system identification of engineering cybernetics a mathematical model of MC field along lumber thickness changing with the passage of time during the period of 100℃ test was established and its solution was deduced in this paper. The dynamic function relationship among initialMC, drying time, instantaneous MC, and corresponding diffusion coefficient could be shown by this solution. Taking advantage of this the diffusion coefficients of different kinds of wood under different levels of MC in this condition could be obtained by experiments ,and they should be important data of making drying schedules for the target wood. A new train of thought was offered by this study.

This paper simulated the center curve of constringent flexural wood planar mathematically by using regress equation of high degree and insert value way of thrice statistics function. It provided basic theory for designing software for planar flexural wood robot and mathematic calculating way for programming. It also solved the problem of equation divergent in the processing of flexural wood component. At the same time, logical calculating ways were put forward, and the strong points and disadvantages of different ways were pointed out. The quantity of pattern in the processing of planar flexural wood could be decreased greatly, and the numerical control of flexural wood could be realized by planar flexural wood bending robot.

The paper introduced the basic structure and main function of the robot of excavating tree stump, and its design principles of hydraulic system and control system of chip computer. The practical test showed that the robot could excavate about 100 larch stumps per day and its efficiency was about 20～25 times that of a worker who digged stumps by hand. The maximum diameter of excavating stump was 550 mm.

Management system is the security of sustainable development capability construction in state-owned forest region.Under the unsustainable development pattern,the management system doesn't meet the need of sustainable development;therefore,it is necessary to adjust or reorganized the present system.At first,the thesis studied construction of management organization system and suggested separating government administration from industry economic management in state-owned forest region,then setting up corporation management system.Second,the thesis studied construction of management organization system of silviculture-forest industry and suggested the basic patterns for silviculture-forest industry separating and integrating management,and made a thorough study on the two patterns.Then,the thesis studied and designed three forest management systems separately.At last,the thesis studied construction of management and control system of forest resources.According to the function of various level forestry responsible government departments,two kinds of management and control system of forest resources were adoped,which were vertical separate type and vertical integrate type.The thesis expounded the characters of management and control system of forest resources and the differences between the new system and the used one.

Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Is a special and widely-distributed species in China. This review summarizes the main research advances, and utilization development of Gleditsia, including the distribution, biological characteristics, ecological and economic value, research on genetics, development and utilization, and so on. From the point of view of ecological construction and development of economy, the evaluation of prospect for protection, exploitation and utilization of Gleditsia was put forward.

The utilization status,the value and prospects of deep research & development from abundant Litsea cubeba oil resources in China were summarized in this paper,and it was reviewed that the recent advancement of research in this field by hemi-synthesis to series perfume with irone.The trend and sense of industrialization for integrated utilization from Litsea cubeba oil were also preliminarily discussed.

Forest degradation,forest management,devegetation and revegetation are several additional direct human-induced activities under the Kyoto Protocol 3.4.Their definitions are closely connected to the carbon accounting methodologies and the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and removals of these activities,for which they are the key issues concerned by IPCC and UNFCCC.Based on the information and discussions on the Expert Meeting on Harmonizing Forest-related Definitions for Use by Various Stakeholders and two expert meeting on LULUCF Good Practice Guidance,international definitions of Forest degradation,forest management,devegetation and revegetation were investigated,the impacts of these definitions on carbon accounting were discussed and key issues concerned in carbon accounting were also addressed.

Based on the two-year successive data in the Qianyanzhou Experimental Area collected by small watershed technique and the located observation method, the hydrological process and the dynamics of mineral elements of the rainfall, throughflow, stemfall, crown interception and surface runoff for artificial Schima superba forest were studied, which was important to understand the dynamics of nutrient input and the function of artificial forest ecosystem in subtropical region. The results showed that the annual input of rainfall to the forest ecosystem was 1 388.75 mm, of which the input of throughflow, stemfall, crown interception and surface runoff were 1 099.40, 27.44, 261.93 mm and 44.48mm respectively, occupying 79.2%, 2%, 18.8% and 3.2% of the total input of rainfall. The total input nutrient of elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Sr, Zr, Na, Si and Ti dissolved in the rainfall was 349.86 kg·hm^-2 a^-1 , and the output of the nutrient was 72.929 kg·hm^-2 a^-1 , which indicated that the net nutrient accumulation in the forest ecosystem was 276.942 kg·hm^-2 a^-1.

The studies on leave protein of Betula platyphylla seedlings by the methods of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and dimensional gel electrophoresis was concerned. The result indicated that some new proteins such as 29kD pI4.3, 29kD pI4.2, 14kD pI5.3 and 11.5kD pI5.16 protein point were induced by soil drought stress, and some protein disappeared, for instance four protein between 12.4～11.5kD pI5.8～6.44 in seedlings leaves of B. platyphylla during soil drought stress.

Normal experiment methods and electron microscope scanning technique were used to compare the differences of the seed morphological characteristics and microstructure of the seed coats between Pinus sibirica and P. koraiensis. The purpose of this study is to clarify the dormancy and germination characteristics and mechanism of the seeds of P. sibirica.The results showed that the thousand-grain weight of the measured seeds of P. sibirica was only 39.9% and 48.5% of that of P. koraiensis.The weight of outer seed coats of P. sibirica was 54.04% and 52.6% of their whole seed weight, which was lighter than that of P. koraiensis, while the weight of the seed coat of P. koraiensis was of 61.7% of their whole seed weight. Five layers were seen at the cross section of the hard seed coat of P. koraiensis under scanning electron microscope: external seed epidermis layer (external seed coat), epidermis layer, dense lithocyte layer, palisade layer and inner epidermis. There were four layers in the seed coat of P. sibirica: the external epidermis layer, epidermis layer, palisade layer, and inner epidermis. Thickness of outer seed coat of P. sibirica and P. koraiensis was 400 μm and 1 200～1 300 μm respectively. All these characteristics showed a big hindrance and the permeability barrier in the seed coat of P. sibirica, but not stronger than that of P. koraiensis.

Contents of carbohydrates and endogenous hormones from dormancy to sprouting of Toona sinensis buds were measured. Dynamic changes of GA_1/3, iPA and ABA were detected. GA_1/3 and iPA decreased when the dormancy began, and then increased to the highest value before bud sprouting. The lowest value of GA_1/3, 358. 7 ng·g^-1 FW, was observed 21 days after leaf falling, whereas ABA was the highest, 201.5 ng.g^-1 FW. Thereafter, ABA decreased and GA_1/3 increased with the advent of bud sprouting. Ratios of GA/iPA and iPA/ABA decreased first and then increased from dormancy to sprouting with minor change range compared with GA^1/3 , iPA and ABA. This demonstrated that dormancy break was closely related to hormone change, concurrent with starch degradation and increase in soluble sugars.

Water stress can cause all kinds of physiological and biochemical responses on forest tree, which are indicated by changes of many physiological and biochemical indexes. Under the different drought extent of soil, the seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia clones were tested. Testing indexes included water content, the ratio of bound water content and free water content (Va/Vs), free proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein ect. The results showed that water content decreased with the increase of soil drought, the rest indexes increased in different extent. The range of variance differed among clones. It was difficult to evaluate exactly the drought resistance of different clones depending on only physiological and biochemical index.

The thousand-seed weight,germination rate and vitality of seeds for Betula luminifera were studied.The results showed that the thousand-seed weight was different in various habitats,and varied with the age and the part of crown and fruit.The seed had a longevity of 32～37 days in general and with a characteristic of the rapid germination.The seed had a high germination rate during the early stage or perk stage of seed dispersal,and a lower germination rate during the end stage.The germination rate and vitality of mature seed reduced with the increase of the storing time,the change in seed germination was significantly different at the various ages and habitats.

he orthogonal experiment of different factors in 6-year-old poplar stands,including intercropping crops,application rate of fertilizer,and planting density of forest tree etc.,was carried out in the sandland of the Yellow River original course.The results indicated that doing intercropping,enlarging the row spacing and prolonging the time of intercropping were the effective ways by which the needs of forest tree for nutrients could be applied,and the level of forest land productivity could be increased.Meanwhile,the optimum intercropping way of poplar plantations at different ages was gound,which was useful for the site of tne present experiment.