From damaging forest for reclaiming wasteland to the conversion of cropland to forestland, which conforms to the social development and negates the model of the economic increment concentrating on material civilization alone, is the inevitable selection to implement the sustainable development strategy in China. As the project of conversing cropland to forestland in the Western China is being put into effect at present, all kinds of impacts have been brought about objectively in the project areas, and the validity and sustainability of the project have been faced serous challenges from various factors in the Western China. Therefore, its impacts evaluation is essential prerequisite for decision-making. The index system of assessing social impacts of the project was developed according to its characteristic. The basic data were collected through investigation. The ecological, social and economical impacts of the project were evaluated and analized systematically by means of the qualitative and quantitative combination taken Huize County and Qingzhen City as examplese. Some countermeasures to promote its sustainable development were suggested on the basis of discussing the social variables restricting the validity and sustainability of the project.

By the method of comparison and analysis, the succession pattern of phosphorus and phosphatase activity in rhizosphere and non|rhizosphere soil in larch (Larix olgensis) plantations was revealed. The relationship between phosphorus forms, phosphatase activity, and stand age was explained. Stepwise regression models among phosphorus forms, organic matter, rapidly available K, hydrolyzable N and tree growth were established. The results showed: when stand age increased, the content of available phosphorus, O-P, total P, organic P, acid phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil decreased significantly,the content of inorganic P, Ca-P and Fe-P in rhizosphere soil increased significantly. The content of Ca-P and the acid phosphatase activity in non-rhizosphere soil increased and decreased respectively with stand growing.Except for acid phosphatase activity, neutral phosphatase activity, and the content of Al-P in non-rhizosphere soil, the difference of other components in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil reached greatly significant level and significant level between different development stages. The content of Fe-P in half-mature stand, available P, Fe-P, and acid phosphatase activity in near mature stand, available P, Ca-P, and acid phosphatase activity in mature stand in non|rhizosphere soil was more than that in rhizosphere soil, the contents of other components in rhizosphere soil were more than those in non|rhizosphere soil. Main types of phosphorus which affecting tree increment in different stages were total P, organic P, available P, total inorganic P, Ca-P and Fe-P.

Decomposition of forest litter and simultaneous release of bioelements is one of the fundamental pathway of the flow of nutrient and energy in forest ecosystems. This study was related to rate of litter weight loss and release of nutrient elements in plantations of Fokienia hodginsii and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Fujian. Needles and branches of the two species were involved in the 750-day period of litter bag studies. Litter decay is regulated by an array of factors, of which the two most important are probably climate and the chemical composition of the litter, termed `substrate quality'. N content, C: N ratio, lignin content and lignin: N ratio have been seen to be of critical importance. The high precipitation and temperature of subtropical climates yield a general high rate of decomposition. Rate of weight loss showed exponential relationship with time for litter of needle and branch, with percent initial weight loss of 83.47% and 19.43% for needle and branch litter of F. hodginsii at the first year. The corresponding values were 60.78% and 25.02% for litter of C. lanceolata. Generally, the course of nutrient dynamics during decomposition follows three phases: (1)Initial nutrient release through leaching; (2) Net immobilization when decomposer microorganisms retain or import nutrients, followed by (3) Nutrient release when nutrients are released from the litter at a rate paralleling mass loss. However, this general pattern can vary depending on litter type, species, and ecosystem. For example, in conifers the leaching phase is typically short or absent. In this study, concentration of P in needle litter appeared to increase and concentrations of K and C appeared to decrease during the decomposition, while change of N concentration was different for two types of needle litter, especially in initial phase of decomposition. There was an obvious increase of N concentration at 60-day period followed by a decrease for F. hodginsii, while this pattern was not found for C. lanceolata. As to changes of nutrient concentration in branches, the two species were the same, with consistent increase for N, decrease for K and C and increase followed by decrease for P. The highest decay rate of nutrients was found for K, due to its leaching and the lowest for N. Annual decay rates of N, P and C in needle litter of F. hodginsii were faster than those of C. lanceolata, while the reverse was true for K. Comparison of annual decay rate of nutrients in branch litter between the two species, the greater values of C and N was for F. hodginsii, while values of P and K was higher for C. lanceolata. Productivity of forest ecosystems has been widely assessed by release of nutrients from decomposing litter. Owing to higher nutritional quality, the annual nutrient release by litter of F. hodginsii was much greater than that of C. lanceolata. The total annual nutrient release of leaf litter and twig litter was N, 2.630 g·m^-2a^-1; P, 0.162 g·m^-2a^-1 and K, 1.601 g·m^-2a^-1 respectively in the plantation of F. hodginsii, being 2.18, 1.13 and 1.42 times as much as in the plantation of C. lanceolata. It was concluded that the greater amount of nutrient release from litter and the ratio of release to return in F. hodginsii plantation indicated the faster turnover of nutrients, which in turn would be beneficial for maintenance of soil fertility.

Based on the long term data and information collected from transitional region between oasis and desert at the transitional belt between Badanjilin desert and Tenggeli desert, research on the radiation change characteristics and heat balance law were carried out. All factors of radiation balance in the plot have obvious diurnal and seasonal pattern. The maximum of overall radiation is 12023.3 kW·m^-2in August and the minimum is 5206.5 kW·m^-2 in November. The albedo rate on the vegetation covered surface (such as Tamarix ramosissima,Nitraria tangutorum) is lower than that on the uncovered shifting sand dune, especially at growth season; is sequence of maximum is shifting sand dune(37.5%)>Nitraria tangutorum sand dune(29.7%)>Tamarix ramosissima(27.9%). The net radiation on the shifting sand dune surface is 50%～70% of that on the uncovered shifting sand dune. The biggest proportion in the heat balance is the potential heat flux, followed by sensible heat flux and soil heat flux. With desertification becoming·more serious, while the albedo rate is to increase, net radiation is to decrease in ecosystem; Moreover, the proportion of soil heat flux in heat balance increases, but that of potential heat flux decreases.

Species composition, quantitative dynamics and effects of gap age and gap size on species compositions were studied in the tropical montane rain forest of Bawangling Natural Reserve, Hainan Island. The results show that the species compositions of gap fillers in tropical montane rain forest are complex and the individual numbers are not uniform among species. There are 116 species in 27 gaps, in which 10 species with larger individual numbers account for 43.03% of all individual numbers, but 58 species with few individual numbers only account for 6.02% of all individual numbers. Gap size makes significant effects on the species composition and number of seedlings; seedling individual density and seedling species density decrease with the increasing of gap size. Few differences are found in density of saplings and mature trees in different size gaps. Seedlings have visible higher individual density and species density in mature gaps than in young gaps and in middle age gaps. The transition rate of seedlings to saplings is higher in large and mature gaps than in small and young gaps. Tree species can be classified into 4 groups according to the quantitative dynamics of tree seedling in different gaps.

The demorgraphical characteristics of the lateral root, the pattern of the biomass accumulation of Staghorn sumac(Rhus typhina) and their relationship with its clonal reproduction were mainly discussed through sampling the trees randomly and measuring in the lab and at field in this paper for the first time. The results show that:(1) The demorgraphical asymestry that the diameter of the front part of the clonal ramet root in Staghorn sumac is higher than that of the back part become more significant with the time, but there is no correlation between the asymestry and the topography where the Staghorn sumac clonal ramet grow.(2) The correlation between the diameter of the front lateral root of Staghorn sumac and its basal diameter, crown width and height is more significant than that of the back part of the lateral root.(3)The root biomass of a 1～6-year-old of Staghorn sumac, which grown on the barren hills or in the rocky crevice is lower than that of its crown. At the same time, the biomass per 10 cm of the front root is higher than that of the back root. The patterns of biomass is probably crucial for Staghorn sumac to reproduce and to clonize the new habitat. It is the non balance of organic nutrient allocation that make Staghorn sumac to reproduce in a short time. Based on the research results above, Staghorn sumac will become an ecological envasive species in the Northern China.

In order to probe the death reason of terminal buds and carry out trunk extension by using lateral buds, the temperature characteristics of dormancy development of terminal and lateral buds in Paulownia tomentosa×P.fortunei 33 were investigated by raising cutting branches on different date at 25℃ and 15℃. The results were as follows: ①The death reason of terminal buds and the first pair of lateral buds was possibly itself ecological adapting strategy, not the injury of early frost and freezing; ②The lateral buds 2,3 and 4 had obtained the feature of winter dormancy, and could survive from cold winter, and widen its possible temperature range of sprouting to lower temperature by experiencing winter chilling; ③The lateral buds 2,3 and 4 could sprout at the same time in spring, but it was difficult to sprout for other lateral buds; ④The sprouting of upper lateral buds could restrict the sprouting of lower lateral buds at 25℃, but not at 15℃.

Using water parameters which includes the osmotic potential while turgor was zero(φ_s^tlp)、the osmotic potential while turgor was maximum(φ_s ^sat)、the relative water content while turgor was zero(RWC^tlp)、relative osmotic water content while turgor was zero(ROWC^tlp)、the maximum cell flexibility module(ε^max) and the ratio of descendent of turgor with the leaf water potential(b),appraised the ability of maintaining turgor of Pinus massoniana seedlings from different families comprehensively.φ_s^tlp、φ_s ^sat、RWC^tlp、ROWC^tlp、ε^max and b of each family were relatively low,which showed the strong ability of maintaining turgor.Synthetically appraised,the ability of maintaining turgor of families No.456,83 and 20 and Taijiang provenance was strongest,then families No.75,38 and 127, and that of families No.23,464 and 186 was relatively weak.It meant the drought tolerance of P.massoniana seedlings had variation at intraspecies.With intensifying of drought stress,comparing family No.83 with 464,within certain water potential,b would be low,φ_s^tlpwould decrease while ε^maxwould increase.All these showed that osmoregulation of P. massoniana seedlings was enhanced within a limit drought stress.

In order to study the effect of strong light on photosynthetic characteristics of Ginkgo biloba leaves, the photoinhibition and photoprotection mechanisms were investigated by analyzing chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and pigment composition of the xanthophyll cycle when G.biloba leaves were exposed to strong light (1 200μmol photons·m^-2s^-1). During 5 h strong light stress, maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (F_vF_m) inG.biloba leaves decreased markedly, with the value of 0.3 forF_vF_m at the end of stress. On the contrary, initial fluorescence yield (F_o) increased obviously during the whole stress. Both non cyclic electron transport efficiency (Ф_PSⅡ) and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) decreased markedly under strong light (1 200μmol photons·m^-2s^-1). Hot dissipation of antenna (HDR) increased during the stress. The increase of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was accompanied by the increase of relative contents of zeaxanthin (Z) during the time course of stress. The results showed that severe photoinhibition occurred in G.biloba leaves, HDR and the xanthophyll cycle dependent NPQ were valid to alleviate strong light damage by dissipating excess energy efficiently in G.biloba leaves. However, reversible inactivation of PSⅡ centers was the main factor causing the decrease of F_vF_m.

The effects of severing stolon on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Sabina vulgaris were measured with portable fluorometer (MINI-PAM). The results were shown as following: The differences of ΔF/F′_m (effective quantum yield), ETR(electron transfer rate) and NPQ(non-photochemical quenching) between the control and the severed samples were not significant during the daily course except at 15:00 before severing stolon(August 15) (P>0.05).In first day of severing treatment(August 16), the differences of ΔF/F′_m between the control and the severed samples were significant at 9:00 and 18:00,and the value of ΔF/F′_m of treated samples was 25% lower than that of control at 9:00;the differences of ETR between them were not significant (P>0.05)and the value of ETR of treated samples decreased by 13%; the differences of NPQ between them were significant at 9:00 and 12:00, and the value of NPQ of treated samples increased to 47% in morning and decreased to 15% in afternoon(P<0.05). On August 24, the difference rate of ΔF/F′_m, ETR and NPQ between the control and the treated samples were 33%, 43% and 58% respectively; the stomatal conductance of treated samples was about 30% of control at 8:30 and 36% of control at 12:00, and was about 39% lower than of control in afternoon(P<0.05). On August 19, the differences of F_v/F_mof different parts of shoots between the control and the treated samples were not significant(P>0.05), which indicated that the adventitious roots played an important role in resisting influence of severing stolon.

Ginkgo biloba shows great variabilities within species. From 1950's, its seed-purpose cultivar resources in China were investigated and collected, and the seed anatomical structure and morphological characters at different development stages were observed. According to the shape, length, width and thickness of ovule bracket and seed stone, as well as the characteristics of both sides and top of the stone, the seed stones of G. biloba have been divided into five types, I. e., long-stone, buddha-finger, horse-bell, mume-stone and round-stone types, and the main cultivars belonging to different types were also listed. The stone weight, the index of stone shape, and the contents of dry matter, amylose, amylopectin, starch, rough protein, soluble sugar and hydrocyanic acid in seed kernel were measured for each type, and the qualities of seed stone were appraised. These provided a foundation for the improvement and utilization of female plant resources in G. biloba.

The somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from the leaf callus of Platanus orientalis were studied in this paper. The results indicated that the callus and embryogenic callus(EC) frequency on the WPM+0.1mg·L^-1 IBA5.0mg·L^-1 BA medium were 100% and 89.1% respectively. The procedure of somatic embryogenesis of EC on WPM0.5mg·L^-1 BA medium at 25℃ might be promoted. Not only could the stages of somatic embryogenesis on all media in the experiment be promoted, but also the frequency of the somatic embryogenesis might be enlarged.

The effect of NAA, IBA on rooting of shoots in test tubes of the tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia was studied by the aid of the different test designs such as factorial experiment, regressive orthogonality test. The optimal medium was 1/2 MSIBA 0.4 mg·L^-1NAA 0.25 mg·L^-1sucrose 2%agar 0.6%. The adventitious root formation of shoots in test tube was also observed by means of the anatomical method. Latent root primordium was not found in shoots in test tubes. The induced root primordium which originated from the division and differentiation of pith ray cell developed into the adventitious roots.

The methods of Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm were introduced by using an example of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Their application in sustainable forest management was compared with Linear Programming by the common model and the same data set. Basic growth and yield information were provided using a model developed by Hui (1997). Linear Programming will establish an optimal solution if it exists, but stand splitting cannot be avoided. Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm converge to an optimum (or near-optimum) resulting in an integer solution, but the proper parameter setting is crucial. If stand splitting is allowed, and the constraints are sufficiently tight, the Linear Programming solution can be expected to be better than that of Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm.

Poplars are the major tree component of the traditional agroforestry system throughout the south temperate central area of China.However,lack of experimental data or basic information on production of the interplanting system is a serious gap in our knowledge,and consequently,a stable,optimized poplar|crop interplanting pattern is hard to achieve.In order to develop a poplar|crop interplanting patterns which is economically viable,environmentally sound,technically workable,and socially compatible,some new poplar|crop interplanting pattern were designed and established using the principle of edge effects in 1992.Six spacings were designed in the experiment with narrow|wide spacing pattern,I. e.Ⅰ:(3×3)×20?m,Ⅱ:(3×3)×30?m,Ⅲ:(3×3)×40?m,Ⅳ:(4×4)×20?m,Ⅴ:(4×4)×30?m,and Ⅵ:(4×4)×40?m,and the block arrangement was made at random with two replications.Based on the investigations,this paper mainly tests the effects of these new patterns on temporal and spatial variations in microclimate at various phenological phases of winter wheat,variations in wheat yield and wheat quality,biomass productivity and light use efficiency and economic assessment,and the potential viability of these new patterns is also discussed in the paper.These preliminary results can provide some basic principles for developing optimized poplar|crop interplanting patterns in the plain areas of China.

By the optimum design of quadratic regression for 4 factors, the regression model between fertilization, the living bamboo density and the bamboo timber output of moso bamboo stands, was established in this paper. Meanwhile, the economic benefit equations of the fertilization and the standing culm based on the prices of input and output, which were tested by F-value in goodness of fit. Further statistical analysis showed that the leading factors enfluencing bamboo timber output were the standing culm density and the application of introgen. The order of the contribution rate of the tested factors to yield of bamboo timber was the standing culm density>N fertilizer>K fertilizer>P fertilizer. By bi_frequency analysis of yield and the economic benefit, the optimal fertilization and culms density scheme were obtained within the confidence interval of 95% as follows:urea 488～607.6 kg·hm^-2(average 547.8 kg·hm^-2), superphosphate 252.7～261.2 kg·hm ^-2(average 257 kg·hm ^-2), potassium chloride 43.3～123.2 kg·hm ^-2(average 83.3 kg·hm^-2), and culms density 2 363～2 582 culms·hm ^-2(average 2 472 culms ·hm ^-2).

In this study, exotic compound enzyme preparation was applied for the first time to migrating protective Giant Pandas and the digestion trial was conducted. The result indicated that adding 0.15% or 0.30% nutritional or cellulose compound enzyme preparation could apparently increase the digestibility of the nutritional matter in the diet of Giant Pandas. The digestibility of protein and amino acids, adding 0.30% nutritional compound enzyme preparation, was superior to that of 0.15%, and the things reversed to the digestion rate of crude fat. The digestion rate of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, NDF(neutral detergent fiber) and ADF(acid detergent fiber) of the diet could be increased not only remarkably by adding cellulose compound enzyme but consequently with adding level from 0.15% to 0.30%. The results were beneficial to the practice of captive breeding for the migrating protecting Giant Pandas.

Damage extent was investigated in Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge Stands before and after treating Rhombomys opimus by using double date TM remote sensing imagery of 1999 and 2002 in Alashan, Inner Mongolia. Vegetation growth condition was compared and analyzed between treated and contrast area. The vegetation spectral feature and their background texture were analyzed on both healthy and damaged vegetation. The growth condition of damaged vegetation,the increased area of healthy vegetation and the relative growth data on contrast area were derived through the methods of soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and statistic classification. The results were testified and compared with the ground truth of mouse density. The study provides a scientific basis for monitoring,prevention and combating of mouse disaster.

The bamboo test pieces could be scanned by the X-ray densitometer to get the successive profile on radial variation in density.The profile on radial variation in density of bamboo timber might be accordance with the equation of y=ax²-bx +c(x≤1),x is relative distance from bamboo green to yellow,moreover the regression coefficient beyond 0.8～0.9.It is possible to classify the bamboo slivers from different parts for improving value of the bamboo slivers.With age changing density of bamboo pulp change distinctly while density of bamboo green keep little variation.Density of bamboo pulp is the main factor to bamboo average density.With the height of culms increasing the density components and density grades(density gap/distance)in the radial direction also increase.The bamboo average density has excellent correlation with its middle density.The bamboo density grades have good correlation with its maximum density.As for the bamboo at the same height the minimum density is the main factor to its density grades while as for the bamboo at the different heights the culms thickness is the key effect on the density grades.The density grades of bamboo culm in the radial direction are normally 3 or 4 times bigger than that of wood.Because that characteristic might lead to an uneven shrinkage to produce the surface crack of bamboo,some protections should be done to reduce the effect.

This article was studied on the improvement of the physical-mechanical properties and durability of Triploid populus tomentosa wood fiberglass panel.The result indicated that adding BZ-2 surface preparation agent by transfer method could not only improve physical-mechanical properties of wood-fiberglass panel, but also its durability.

Horizontal density variation is a structural phenomenon of non-veneer wood composites. The variation and distribution characteristics of horizontal density have impacts on the products properties. In this study, veneer strip simulated flake boards with four density distribution were made using a mat model. The density variation of the modeled mats was discussed, as well as the relationship between sample size and density variation. The effects of density and density distribution of non veneer composites on the internal bond strength were analyzed. Result shows: the horizontal density of random formed particleboard follows Normal distribution. Density has remarkable influence on internal bond strength (IB). Increasing density helps to improve IB at lower density stage, but has negative impacts on IB at higher density stage. Density variation between testing specimens depends on their sizes. Suitable specimen size increase can decrease the variation of the internal bond strengths.

The properties of wood thermomechanical pulp reinforced nylon composite, such as mechanical properties, thermal properties and processing fluidity were studied in this paper. The best fiber capacity of wood thermomechanical pulp reinforced nylon composite could be determined accurately by optimum design method of main composition analysis. At the same time, Interface treatment and microstructure of the composite were analyzed. Hydrogen bonding, because of which the adhesion between wood thermomechanical pulp and nylon was enhanced, appeared in the composite because the coupling agent was added into the systems of blending wood thermomechanical pulp with nylon. Wood thermomechanical pulp and nylon had a better interracial compatibility.

The ESCA study indicated that the C 1S peak of cellulose is only one symmetrical contribution at 285.95 eV. While the C_1S peaks of N,N-dibenzylurea, the reaction resultant of phenyl isocyanate and water, has two contributions at (288.6±0.1)eV and (284.7±0.1)eV corresponding to the carbonyl group and phenyl ring group respectively. With the moisture content (MC) of cellulose increased, the proportion of isocyanate reacted with water is increasing. When the MC reaches 9.78%, 92.98% of all consumed isocyanate will react with water. By spattering analysis, it reveals that the reaction resultants of benzyl isocyanate distribute mainly on the surface of cellulose.

This paper studied on the effects of carbonizing temperatures on the yield of charcoal, reduction, pH value, specific surface area and adsorption of benzene vapor, chloroform vapor. Under this experimental condition, specific surface area of the charcoal samples is low. The results showed the largest ratio of (C+H)/O was observed at 800℃.The pH values of charcoal increased with increasing carbonization temperatures. The wood carbonized at 700℃ showed the highest specific surface area. For the largest adsorption of chloroform was observed at 600℃, the adsorption was 8.5%. The benzene adsorption capacities of the charcoal increased with increasing carbonization temperature, peaking at 800℃, the adsorption was 5%.

The paper mainly studied the technology of acquisition and recognition of real-time tree image, and developed the tree image processing and analyzing system. Tree image acquisition, tree image enhancement, tree image edge detection, tree image segmentation, tree image feature extraction and tree image recognition were included in the study. The spraying target object from the non-spraying target object could be distinguished according to study in the paper, which should contribute to the realization of the precision pesticide spraying.

In research and application of spatial statistic analysis in the last less than 50 years, it was already developed a universal and scientific method of researching the natural variable with randomicity and regularity, which had many successful examples in domestic and overseas many fields. However, the application of spatial statistic analysis in domestic forestry just started, and most of forest works or researchers were short of understanding for spatial statistic analysis.This paper first briefly introduced the related concept, the basic principle and the characteristics of spatial statistic analysis, and then similarities and differences between spatial statistics and geographical information system and between spatial statistics and classical statistics were analyzed. Combining the characteristics of forest field, the current situations on the application of spatial statistic analysis in domestic and overseas forest field were summarized from the aspects including forest soil, spatial distribution of species, forest interference, stand factor and seed resources. Moreover, existent problems and difficulties in the application of spatial statistic analysis in forest field were presented, and the prospects for the application of spatial statistic analysis in forest field were discussed.

Biodiversity is one of the key and the popular subjects of the modern ecological research. Genetic diversity is the foundation and the most important element of biodiversity. With the development of molecular bio-technology, more and more methods have been applied in genetic diversity research. The technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers, with its particular advantages,has became an important research means in this field. The research of genetic diversity of rare and endangered plants contributes great to their conservation. The paper described the principle and characteristics of RAPD,and reviewed the application of this technique in research of genetic diversity of rare and endangered plants. The prospect on studying and protecting the rare and endangered plants by RAPD was also advised.

The gradation of seedlings is an important means for increasing the survival rate of seedlings in afforestation,which has important significance for planting trees and greening environment.The manual gradation of afforestation seedlings not only expends a lot of human resources,but also has a high intensity of labour and lower efficiency,so the automatic technolgy of seedling grading has been studied widely.The development of the automatic technology of seedling grading is reviewed briefly in this paper.The research on the automatic technology of seedling gradation was started with auto-measurement of some morphological characteristics.Now the automatic gradation system of seedlings based on computer vision has been studied.In the future,automatic gradation technology of seedlings will be more perfect.And improving seedling's morphological characteristics and applying new non-morphological characteristics in the automatic gradation technology of seedlings is the most important task in the further research.Therefore,new computer vision system based on color image processing and 3D image processing is brought forward in this paper as the most promising subject in this field.More comprehensive characteristics are considered in the new system and more accurate result will be achieved.

Research situations of lignin biodegradation and biobulping were summarized, including study on catabolites and approach and mechanism of lignin biodegradation,ligninolytic enzymes and their function, the degrading abilities to wood and lignin of wood rotting fungi,and screening effective and selective isolates for biopulping. A prospect for lignin biodegradation and biobulping was looked ahead also. Results showed it was no doubt that biopulping would have a bright and promising future in pulp and paper industry because of its both economizing energy and friendly to environment. Now it is necessary to enhance the research work of lignin biodegradation and biopulping in China, which is very significant meaning to the sustaining development of pulp and paper industry.

Pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was introduced in Changdao County, Shandong Province the only one area in northern China. Oleoresin exudation method was applied for early diagnosis of the Black Bine trees Pinus thunbergii in more than 400 hm² area in 1999. The result showed that among 600 000 pine trees, there are 935 trees with abnormal oleoresin exudation, in which 182 trees carried pine wood nematode by isolation and identification.After the diseased trees were cut down, the number of diseased and died trees caused by B.xylophilus was reduced by 97%,comparing with that in the former year. Application of oleoresin exudation method on controlling the pine wood nematode disease in practice was discussed in the paper.

The process of forest combustion was very complex. The characters of the forest fuel were showed through fire behavior. In the world, there are a lot of researchers to study fire behavior for many years, and they have made a great progresses on some aspects, such as fire spot range (perimeter or area),flame characters, fire intensity and fire spreading. Fire intensity, flame height and fire spreading are basic characters of the fire behavior. The fire environment directly affects fire behavior.Fire behavior of forest burning was a series of reactions from catching fire, spread to weakening and dying. Fire behavior was the result of all reactions, and it was showed with the fire spreading, fire area enlarging (perimeter or area), fire intensity amplifying and other extreme forest fire behavior, such as spot fire, high intensity fire (thre- dimension). Fire intensity, flame height and the speed of fire spreading were main indexes of fire behavior characters. Fire behavior, flammability and number of the fire spots were also influenced by fire environment.

The questions about bio resources protection in west regions were talked in the present paper. The actuality of protection and its austerity were analyzed. A new conception, the humanity values of bio|resources, was proposed based on the studies of others. Several strategies should be regarded were provided. In addition, the roles of bequest values and humanity values of bio resources, biological control, developing of science and technology, and education of value notions were emphasized in the bio-resources protection strategies.

Calophyllum polyanthum is a climax tree species in the tropical rain forest of south Yunnan, China. It has excellent timber qualities and straight and orbicular bole which be favored by the local residents and be prepared for selection in afforestation. But so far, the research on the afforestation techniques of this species is scarce. In this paper, we demonstrated the silviculture characters of C. polyanthum through the researches of its seed and seedling biology, the techniques of nursery, and the ecological and geographic adaptability experients in different climate zones. The results showed that:①The seeds of C. polyanthum are not resistant to storage, less than 40% of the seeds can germinate after 3 months storage under the condition of room temperature, so, it should be collected and sowed as soon as the fruits are ripe.②It is harder to be survived by planting naked root seedlings due to its flourishing and less fibrous root taproot.③The seedlings can not bear the direct sunlight, but the full sunlight is needed after several years growing. Therefore, one year old seedlings must be planted in shade or the understory of the forest, 2 years old seedlings can be planted in open area. ④1/2 of each leaf should be cut before planting if some fineroots are damaged. ⑤Good irrigation and fertilization condition are needed for the growth of C. polyanthum seedlings, and the major limitation of the plantation is low temperature the plants will die if the temperature is under 0℃ for continuous 7 days. We conclude that C. polyanthum can be planted in the mountainous areas characterized by semi shade or shade slope at 500～1 000 m above sea level to the north of the tropic of cancer, such as Southern Yunnan, Southern Guangxi and the whole Hainan Island.

Olfactory respones of Tetranychus viennensis to different plants odors with “Y” olfactometer and petri-dish was studied and volatiles from leaves of different plants were absorbed with SPME and analyzed with GC-MS. It was showed: Olfaction takes part in the response during the Hawthorn Spider Mite looking for host plants, indicating Tetranychus viennensis were attracted by odors from host plants. Different host plants have different attraction to the Tetranychus viennensis, some attract strongly, some were less than the others. The non host plants were tested have neither attraction nor repulsion to the mite. The volatile from leaves of different host plants such as Malus pumila, Pyrus bretschneideri, Amygdalus persica,Armeniaca vulgaris, Malus spectabili, Crataegus pinnatifida, Prunus yedoensis, etc. Consists of trans-3-hexen-l-ol,acetate, trans-3-hexenyl ester butanolc acid, alpha farensene, etc., which do not exist in the non-host plants such as Euonymus japonicus.

The effect of different kinds of wood and wood material on mammal growth and physiology index as interior material was discussed. The results showed that: The number of erythrocyte of the female mice in wood house is more than that in aluminum and concrete ones; The estradiol contents of the female mice in wood house is higher than that in concrete house, it indicated that wood house had a accelerated effect on mice reproduction; Contents of the growth hormone of the female mice is the highest in concrete house and the lowest in plywood house, and middle in house with Pinus koraiensis and Betula platyphylla timber; Growth hormone of male mice is not difference among these house;The phagocytizing indexes of the mice in different house is various and it is higher in wood house than that in aluminum and concrete ones. Therefore wood and wood material house had a adjusting effect on mammal growth and physiology index.

The methodology on forest fire danger forecast system of national level and daily operation of the system was discussed. The system determined prediction model and method according to forest fire danger rating and fire danger indexes defined by related professional standards of forestry. The system obtains daily collection of meteorological observation dataset and information of digital weather forecast through the network. It also obtained daily weather observation data and observed data of fire danger factors on key areas through network. It thus concluded the weather forecast of national forest fire danger and forest fire danger forecast within future 24 hours and 48 hours, under the support of basic databases and after colligated processing and analysis of various data on GIS software platform. The forecast results have been daily promulgated through special forestry network and were published 4 times a week through China Central Television Program (CCTV2).