Field surveys have been conducted by using a Li-cor LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer in a small sub-alpine dark coniferous forested catchment in western Sichuan Province during the period from July to September,2005.This study is to quantify LAI of the four different fir stands composed mainly of Abies faxoniana and LAI seasonal patterns,and to explore the relationship between LAI and topographical factors in terms of altitude and aspects,and spatial variability of LAI at catchment scale and at stand scale.The results showed that single peak curve of LAI seasonal change pattern occurred in sub-alpine dark coniferous forest during growing season,with the peak value of 5.82±1.32 in the middle ten days of August.There were significant differences in LAI among the four stands(p<0.001),with the mean LAI value of 5.44±0.83.The highest LAI occurred in the moss,Fargesia nitida,Bashania fangiana and A.faxoniana stand,followed by the grass,F.nitida,B.fangiana and A.faxoniana stand and the grass,Rhododendron spp.and A.faxoniana stand,while the lowest LAI value was in the moss,Rhododendron spp.and A.faxoniana stand.With increasing altitude,LAI increased subtly at first,but then decreased continuously when the elevation exceeded 3 000 m.The relationship between LAI(y)and altitude(x)can be commendably expressed as the following regression equation:y=-22.408 6+0.019 6x-0.000 003 360 1x²(R²= 0.999 6,p<0.001,n=12).LAI at northeast-aspect was larger than that at southwest-aspect,with the significant difference in LAI between the two aspects(p<0.05).The coefficient of variability(CV)of LAI at catchment scale(19.79%～22.80%)was approximately twice larger as that at stand scale(10.02%～12.22%).At the different altitudinal gradients,the highest CV(23.09%)was at the elevation of 3 800 m,while the lowest(7.64%)was at 3 500 m.The CV at northeast-aspect(16.58%)was higher than that at southwest-aspect(13.44%).

Comparative experiments on the function of soil water storage and characteristics of runoff and sediment loss under Vernica fordii plantation and Eucommia ulmoides plantation in the hilly red soil region were applied.The results showed:Canopy maximal water holding capacity and litters sopping up water capacity of E.ulmoides plantation were higher,compared with V.fordii plantation,as well as soil water content,and soil water content under E.ulmoides plantation reached 239.7 mm between 0 and 140 cm beneath ground,which is higher than the other by 4.1%.Annual average runoff and sediment loss under V.fordii plantation were 75.1 mm and 19.6 t·km^-2 from 2002 to 2005,which were 2.6 times and 2.9 times of E.ulmoides plantation,respectively.Soil physical properties(such as water holding capacity,density,porosity and infiltration rate)and the complexity of vegetation structure(characterized by canopy,density and vegetation fraction and so on)in E.ulmoides plantation were more prior than that in V.fordii plantation,thus the function of soil water storage capacity and soil and water conservation were better than the later.As retentive tree species on soil and water conservation,E.ulmoides plantation has better benefits than V.fordii plantation.

Stable carbon isotope discrimination(Δ¹³C)is a good predictions of water use efficiency(WUE),and is already applied in crop breeding programs,and some high WUE cultivars have been selected with the method.At present,the study on estimation of the WUE of different poplar clones by Δ¹³C is a few.In order to probe the WUE changes on different temporal scales during growth process of field-cultured poplar,and the relationship between Δ¹³C and growth,the WUE of 7 clones were respectively determined by Δ¹³C in leaves,branches and stems(respectively abbreviate to Δ¹³C _leaf,Δ¹³C_branchand Δ¹³C_stem)as well as gas exchange method.The results indicated that the Δ¹³C_leaf,Δ¹³C_branchand Δ¹³C_stemsignificantly and orderly decreased as well as the corresponding WUEs increased orderly.The estimations on WUE for 7 clones by gas exchange method were approximately consistent with the results derived from Δ¹³C_leaf,but they did not agree with the outcomes based on Δ¹³C_branch and Δ¹³C_stem, which were consistent with each other.Because the Δ¹³C_stem reflects integrated WUE on a longer period than the Δ¹³C_leaf and Δ¹³C_branch,the Δ¹³C_stem was considered as a good index for WUE determination at whole plant level.The correlation analysis between the Δ¹³C in different organs and growth showed that there was no correlation between Δ¹³C_leaf and growth,but both Δ¹³C_branch and Δ¹³C_stem had a significantly positive correlation with growth,so the Δ¹³C_branch and Δ¹³C_stem have a potential application to determine growth of poplar besides their application on WUE.

The spot experiments of Pteroceltis tatarinowii seedlings were carried out by simulating soil condition of drying-wetting alternation similar to karst region.The variation of physiological indexes,growth indexes and the restoration ability of seedlings after re-watering were studied.The results showed that the variation of physiological indexes was different with the times of soil drying-wetting alternation.The variation of water saturation deficit,xylem water potential of root and stem,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,leaf plasm membrane permeability of seedlings changed greatly at one cycle,and relatively stable at two cycles,but the variation enlarged again at three cycles.These changes reflected a process from the reaction,and adaptation to inadaptation of the seedlings to soil drying-wetting alternation condition.After re-watering,the restoration degree of these indexes had a negative correlation with the cycle times.The compensatory effect was common in the restore process,especially for growth indexes,it is an adaptative strategy of seedlings to soil drying-wetting alternation condition.The effects of soil drying-wetting alternation on physiological indexes of P.tatarinowii seedlings were more serious at the early growth stage than at the rapid growth stage,but for the growth indexes were contrary.Therefore,the growth potential of seedlings would be restricted by repeated drying-wetting alternation condition at the rapid growth stage.

Cinnamomum camphora is one of the dominant green species in the southern districts in China,and also acid rain is widespread contaminants in the environment.In this paper,we tried to study if photosynthetic characteristics of C.camphora seedlings planted in pots would change by irrigating with three different pH values(3.0,4.0,5.0)of simulated acid rain.The results showed that the light compensation point and saturation point of C.camphora fell under pH3.0,but rose under pH4.0 and pH5.0.Apparent quantum yield(AQY)increased by 54.53%,30.74%,and the net photosynthetic rate(P_n)increased by 27.07%,22.61% under pH3.0 and pH4.0,respectively,but decreased by 23.79% and 4.14% under pH5.0.The dark respiration rates(R_d)rose under three different pH treatments.The diurnal variation of P_n in C.camphora treated with acid rain presented the asymmetry double peak curves,occurring at 10:00 and 14:00 respectively.Midday depression of P_n was found at 12:00.The range of diurnal variation of P_n decreased by 27.68%,10.77%,28.90% under pH3.0,4.0 and 5.0 treatments,respectively,but under pH3.0 and 4.0 treatments,the daily P_n all ascended.The minimum of stomatal conductance(G_s)decreased by 19.38%,70.93% and 14.10% in view of different pH values(3.0、4.0、5.0)of simulated acid rain,but the maximum increased by 40.12%,24.39% and the range of diurnal variation of G_s increased by 61.29%,58.31% under pH3.0 and 4.0,respectively.The minimum of intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_I)increased by 13.22%,9.87%,3.27%,but the range of diurnal variation of stomatal limit(L_s)decreased by 33.15%,43.31%,52.35% under pH3.0,4.0,5.0 treatments,respectively.

Harvested peach(Amygdalus persica)fruits were by ultrasound wave(50 kHz,200 W),CaCl_2(3%)immersion,or their combinations for 3 min.The active oxygen metabolism of the fruits stored at(10±2)℃ or(0±2)℃ was investigated.The results showed that at the two temperatures the combinations of ultrasound wave with calcium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)of peach in various extents,efficiency of which was superior to those in the fruits treated with ultrasound wave or calcium,decreased the activities of peroxidase(POD),the production rate of superoxide anion radical(O^-.₂),or the contents of hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)at different periods of storage.There were no obvious differences of the parameters above among the treatments of fruits during the shelf life.

Previous studies revealed some anatomic and physiological mechanism about bamboo shoot development.But little is known about the molecular mechanism of shoot branching during bamboo shoot development.The studies on shoot branching related genes would therefore be helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanism.In this paper a 1 296 bp cDNA sequence was cloned from bamboo shoot of Phyllostachys violascens by RT-PCR method with degenerated primers based on the sequence conservation of Poaceae TB1 homologous genes.It has an open reading frame encoding 349 amino acids which has 64.7% identity with maize TB1 and thus is named PpTB1.Sequence alignment indicates that PpTB1 contains SP,TCP and R domain which are main characteristics of TB1 homologs in TCP protein family.Phylogeny analysis indicates that the divergence time of bamboo TB1 homologs are later than rice OsTB1 but earlier than other Poaceae TB1 homologs.Taken together,these TB1-like sequences are probably the TB1 homologous genes in bamboo.Although RT-PCR indicates that PpTB1 expression can be detected in leaf,bamboo shoot and young floret,the in situ hybridization reveals that the gene is highly expressed in axillary bud of bamboo shoot.Thus,PpTB1 may have similar function with its counterpart in grass and has the potential to regulate the production of bamboo shoot.In addition,TB1 homologous genes may also be valuable on the studies of bamboo taxonomy and evolution.

Monimopetalum chinense is a rare and endangered clonal plant endemic to China,which is limited to a small area from north Jiangxi to south Anhui and southeast Hubei.In the present study,population genetic diversity of M.chinense was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)markers.Ten ISSR primers were used to amplify 190 individuals of 10 natural populations in the whole distribution region,39.2%of which being polymorphic.The Shannon diversity index(H_o)ranged from 0.045 to 0.101,with an average of 0.083 at the population level(H_pop)and 0.183 at the species level(H_sp).The results indicated that the level of genetic variation at the species level or at the population level was all lower than that of most clonal plants.Moreover,the genetic differential index(G_ST= 0.567 2)based on POPGENE indicated that 56.72% of molecular variation was among populations,and the results revealed a strong genetic differentiation among populations in M.chinense.Such factors as population fragmentation due to the geologic change and vegetation damage,small population size hindering gene flow,and the reproductive type of self-pollination may have contributed to the population genetic variation of this species.The results also show that the genetic distance is related to the geographical distance among populations in M.chinense.

Research on the dynamics between the density,planting composition,average DBH,height,canopy width,tree volume,forest volumes,and the changes through the growth of the stand of a natural rain-fed,sand-fixing,Chifeng-36 poplar forest in Horqin sandy land of dry sub-humid climate reveals that:1)Planting density shows no discernable effect on the growth of 1～5-year-old stands.Densification of the stand will effectively increase the forest volume per hectare.When stands enter 6～11 years of age,the effect of planting density on the forest growth starts to mount,in that the growth rates of the DBH,height,and timber volume will expedite as the stands age.At age 11 and above,such effect appeases.Among the all stands involved in the experiment,the volume reaches the maximum(153.39 m3·hm^-2)with a stand of 825 stems·hm^-2.The volume decreases as the forest density changes from 540 stems·hm^-2 to 420 stems·hm^-2 and minimizes at 35.18 m³·hm^-2 with a density of 1 215 stems·hm^-2.2)The average DBH and the timber volume of single plant along the stand edge are 20%～70% and 90%～260% higher respectively than those at the forest core.Moreover,the growth along the stand edge is even more remarkable when the stand has a low density.3)Holding constant the density at 500 stems5hm^-2,the DBH,height,and timber volume of a 13-year-old,one-row-and-one-belt sand fixation forest are 37.4%,17.4% and 81% higher than those of a evenly planted stand,respectively.The same measurements of a 10-year-old,two-row-and-one-belt sand fixation forest will be 19.8%,16.2% and 64.8% higher than a evenly planted stand,respectively.

The ground cover plants are the main component of the plant resources in the parks,green space system and the West Lake mountainous area in Hangzhou.There are about 695 species(including varieties)of the ground cover plants,belonging to 96 families,and 316 genera,which undergo the winter in the outdoor in Hangzhou.The distribution range and type of genera of the ground cover plants has an outstanding characteristic of tropical,subtropical and temperate flora.The living form of the ground cover plant species are perennial herbs mainly and the shrubs and vines are less.The proportion of the lower height,the medium height and the higher height of the ground cover plants are close and the large numbers of species have wide habitats and the stronger resistant ability to bad-habitat.The ornamental characteristic and the potential of exploitation and utilization were analyzed.The apply of wild ornamental ground cover plants in city virescence in Hangzhou can improve the city's sight,show the local resource trait and increase the wild interest of gardens.

Wikstroemiae chamedaphne has good acarocidal activity against Tetranychus viennensis,a serious pest of many crops including apple trees in China.Its active constitutes,WCME-7 and WCME-11,were separated and purified by column chromatograghy.The symptomal observiation showed that they had many actions,such as stomach poison,controlling development,controlling reproducing and so on.They maybe affect not only the nerve transmition but also digest,growing system.In contrast,WCME-11 showed more strong symptom phenomenon with more all-directions function method,knocked down more quickly.From 12 h,the mites began to enter death period on large.Function mechanism of WCME-11 was studied in the experiment.The results indicate that the WCME-11 could cause the fast reaction of the enzymes inside the mites.Before 8 h, the enzymes were changed.WCME-11 could cause mite to counteract poison by GST_S and CarE,Ca²⁺-ATP enzyme and AchE have been restrained strongly.

By using the model and ANOVA analysis,the result proved that the varieties of forests damaged degree with planted ages were in accord with logistic model,after improvement of secondary forests on loess plateau.In woodland by using over-all felling,the forests damaged degree was most,using reforestation,the forests damaged degree was lowest.The ages of Chinese pine,Chinese arborvitae and Silver chain damaged by zokors were ordinal planted 11 years,9 years and 6 years.On Chinese pine by planted from 2th year to 6th year,Chinese arborvitae from first year to 4th year and Silver chain from first year to 2 year,the forests damaged degree was the most.The damaged degree,individual zokor did harm to Chinese pine and Silver chain,primarily depended on planted ages,not depended on improvement pattern and zokor density.The damaged degree of Chinese arborvitae not only depended on planted ages,but also depended on improvement pattern and zokor density.The planted ages and the harm degree of individual zokor were key factors to influence forest damaged mortality,the zokor density and the improvement pattern were main factors.

Focusing on the ecological controlling technique and strategy for the Japanese wax scale(Ceroplastes japonicus), the structural features of the jujube orchard plant communities and landscapes were studied,and the relationships among the plant communities,the landscape and the outbreak of the Japanese wax scale were analyzed through community characteristic indices and the canonical correlations analysis.The results showed that the various jujube orchard plant communities fell into two categories according to the community similarity:plain regions and hill regions.The plain region plant communities had lower diversity and evenness,and severer damage imposed by the Japanese wax scale,while the hill region plant communities had higher diversity and evenness,and milder damage imposed by the Japanese wax scale.The canonical correlations analysis proved that the outbreak intensity of the Japanses wax scale was significantly correlated with the characters of the plant community.The landscape characteristic indices,showed the same discrepancy between plain regions and hill regions plant communities.Among the landscape characters,the landscape diversity had the strongest influence on the outbreak intensity of the Japanese wax scale.The hill regions had higher landscape diversity,larger wilderness areas,and the lower outbreak intensity of the Japanese wax scale.

The pine wood nematode(PWN),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,originating from the North America,causes the destructive pine wilt disease.The different pine forests' ecosystem has different resistance to B.xylophilus,and after its invasion,the resilience and restoration direction of different ecosystem differed,too.In this paper,an interpretive structural model was applied for analyzing the response of pine forests' ecosystem to disturbance by PWN.The result showed that the system that affected the response of pine forests' ecosystem made to pine wood nematode's disturbance is a 5 degree multistage hierarchical one,which direct influencing factors are resistance and resilience.Furthermore,the analysis to the 2nd,3rd and 4th degree factors showed that not only distribution pattern of plant species and pine's ecological features affected the resistance of pine forests' ecosystem,the effecting factor of removing attacked trees and other treatment measures also influenced the resistance via affecting the damage degree of Monochamus alternatus and distribution pattern of plant species indirectly.As for resilience,besides it was influenced directly by edaphic factor,hydrology,surrounding species provenance and biology characteristics of the second and jointly dominant species,the weather factors also can have a direct or indirect influence by affecting the above factors on the resilience of system.Among 5th elements,the altitude,gradient and slope direction etc.topographical factors,diversity of geographical location and improvement of prevention technology level all influenced the response of pine forests' ecosystem made to pine wood nematode's disturbance.

Steroid saponins? was extracted from the Polygonatum cirrhifolium root.Two compounds were isolated and purified by the combined use of column chromatography with silical gel,RP-18 and SephadexLH-20 methods.The structure of the compound were elucidated by spectroscopic and the data reported in literature methods.Two compounds were identified as(25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rham-nopyranosy(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅰ)and(25R)-spirost-5-ene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅱ).The aglycones of compound Ⅰ was obtained by the method of two-phase acid hydrolysis and its structure was identified as diosgenin(Ⅲ).The antisepsis activity of R,compound Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were studied,the results were as follows:Steroid saponins R,compound Ⅰ and Ⅱ had strong inhibition against plant pathogenic fungi growth than bacteria's,but compound Ⅲ had strong inhibition against to bacteria growth than plant pathogenic fungi's.

Between the year 2005 and 2006,the author monitored the habitant of golden-haired monkey with the geography information system,remote sensing and global position system in Baihe Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province.It showed that without the human disturbances,the most suitable habitat is 20.079 4 km²,12.39% of the total area;the suitable habitat is 18.152 2 km²,11.20%of the total area;the less suitable habitat is 64.439 3 km²,39.77% of the total area;the unsuitable habitat is 59.509 1 km²,36.72%of the total area.Influenced by human activities,the remaining habitat will be reduced.In this case,the most suitable habitat is 5.811 9 km²,3.59%of the total area;the suitable habitat is 8.072 1 km²,4.98%of the total area;the less suitable habitat is 46.920 4 km²,28.96%of the total area;the unsuitable habitat is 101.235 6 km²,62.48%of the total area.

For former researches were focusing on the small-size wood samples,this paper studied on the acoustic vibration property of full-size spruce wood soundboard of musical instruments by natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform(FFT).Species included Picea glehnii,P.jezoensis,P.likiangensis and P.sitchensis.They were divided into three separate groups respectively.In the first group,the length of sample was less than or equal to 1 400 mm(L≤1 400 mm).In the second,that was more than 1 400 mm(L>1 400 mm).The third one was single species.The vibration property of each sample group was evaluating by comprehensive coordinate method and comprehensive marking method.The classified quality of the species was ranked:P.likiangensis>P.jezoensis> P.glehnii> P.sitchensis.Moreover,it showed a significant correlation between the results of these two statistics methods.It indicated that the method could be suitable for evaluating vibration properties for musical instrument soundboard in real production.

The mechanical strength,gluing performance and decay-resistance of 4-year-old bamboo wood treated with chitosan copper/zinc complexes(CCC and CZC),CCB(copper,chromium,boron composites),ACQ and zinc chloride were reported in this paper.Results showed as follows:1)The decay resistance of CCC against Poria placenta was inferior to CCB and ACQ.But the ability of resisting yellow-rot fungi increased greatly with the increase of CCC concentration.When the metal ion retention in bamboo wood reached 5.141 kg·m^-3,mass loss of the treated bamboo wood was below 6.1%.2)The decay resistance of CZC against Poria placenta was evidently lower than that of CCC,CCB and ACQ,but slightly better than that of zinc chloride.When the metal ion retention in bamboo wood exceeded 5.091 kg·m^-3,mass losses of the treated bamboo wood were between 26.4% and 29.0%.3)The mechanical strength and gluing performance dropped at different degrees,especially for CCB preservative.Among the experimental indexes,the values of bending modulus and bending strength decreased the most,while the compression strength vertical to grain and the gluing strength had nearly no changes except for CCB.

Salinity is a detrimental environmental factor for plant growth and development.The responses of plants to salt stress are rather complicated and determined by multiple physiological and biochemical pathways.This paper reviewed the achievements of studies on adaptation mechanism of plants to salt stress,including induction of antioxidative enzymes detoxifying radicals,adjustment of plant hormones,compartmentalization of ions,selective accumulation or exclusion of ions and synthesis of compatible solutes.So far,adaptation mechanism of plants to salt stress has been understood in some respects,but some problems especially in molecular level still need to be solved using techniques of molecular biology,techniques of gene engineering and mutant filtration.

Eurya is an evergreen shrubs or small tree,which is dioecism with entomophilies flowers,yellowish-greenish-white petals and black berries,and widely distributes in China where is as its modern distribution and differentiation center.Here not only are Eurya germplasm resources and its distribution introduced,but also are its familiar species,traits,garden application situation and prospects expounded,farther its planting design in landscape is analysed.We think Eurya is a multi-usage landscape plant,being suitable as hedge,topiary,bonsai,the middle and low classes of communities,so much as rock garden plant.Eurya has great potential as landscape plant material.However,there are very few researches on it,so it's an urgent task to organize researches for enriching the varieties of landscape and garden plants.

The risks that lead to re-release of the net anthropogenic greenhouse gases removal by sinks for CDM forestry project are analyzed from the point of naturally-occurring and human-induced,and the risks from re-release of the net anthropogenic greenhouse gases removal by sinks in the crediting period are analyzed form the point of economics and environment.Finally,Some management strategies that reduce and respond to these risks are put forward.

The compensating standard system of the forest ecological resources value in Hubei Province was established in this paper,the subject standard was decided by the object one,the theory average compensating standard of forest resources value in Hubei Province was 682.80 yuan5hm^-2.The different of standard was obvious among the resources types,it was from 79.20 to 2 226.90 yuan·hm^-2.The forestry nursery was the smallest and the forest all around was the largest.The implementation standard in special areas was decided by the resources quantity,the nature geographical environment,the society economic development level and so on.The some compensation was the common type and the calculating method was identified.It was an effectual way of achieving resources value compensation to improve resources utilizing benefit.The compensation standard of state and local was the compensation ratio.The state compensation standard was between 22.75 and 69.67 percent in Hubei Province and local was between 30.33 and 77.25 percent.

Carbon isotope of loess through S₀ to S₁₁ at luochuan section in Shaanxi Province were experimented.The curve of δ¹³C compares well to the oxygen isotope curves of deep sea sediments from DSDP607 drill.There is obviously negative peak of δ¹³C within S₅ paleosol where the content of δ¹³C is-16.615‰,that shows the climatic optimum,and the vegetation during the period is likely forest.Comparing with the pollen analysis,the vegetation type of paleosol S₀,S₁,S₄,S₈,S₉ which δ¹³C content is-5.85‰^-10.00‰,is forest-grass.δ¹³C content of paleosol S₂、S₃、S₆、S₇ is-8.72‰～-6.95‰,their vegetation is grass.The loess layer L₁、L₂、L₅、L₆、L₈、L₉ represent the severe cold-dry glacial period with δ¹³C content of-3.7‰～-2.27‰,their vegetation belonging to steppe-desert.

The properties and changes of rhizosphere soil nutrient were studied at three different sites dominated by Salix gordejevii,Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphilla,respectively,in Horqin sandy land.Results showed that rhizosphere imposed obvious effects on the three shrubs and soil nutrition.The pH value in rhizosphere soil of the shrubs was lower than that in the non-rhizosphere,but the significance was not obviously.And the electric conductivity of the rhizosphere soil was obviously higher than non-rhizosphere soil in August,although electric conductivity was lower in the rhizosphere than non-rhizoshphere in May.Electric conductivity in C.microphylla rhizosphere was consistently higher,either in May or in August.The organic matter content and material content of three shrubs were all higher in rhizosphere than those in non-rhizosphere soil in May and August,except organic matter and total N in rhizosphere of S.gordejevii in May.Three shrubs have obviously positive rhizosphere effects on soil nutrient and the order of ability is C.microphilla > A.halodendron> S.gordejevii.By comparing rhizosphere nutrients of three shrubs in May and August,the organic matter content and material content of S.gordejevii all increased in August,especially total N and available P were two times higher than those in May.The content of total N and organic matter content in rhizosphere of C.microphylla in August was higher than those in May,but other nutrient clearly decreased during the growth period.Rhizosphere nutrients of A.halodendron experienced the same changes,except that total P in August.

Roof greening can increase areas of green and improve ecological environment in city.Based on roof greening in low energy demo building of Tsinghua University,This paper analyses the temperature distributed character and ecological effect of roof greening.The result show that roof greening can adjust the microclimate.The cool effect of vegetation roof is very distinctness at 12:00 to 16:00.It decrease temperature 4 ℃ and reduce the duration time of high temperature in summer,with seasonal variation,the cool effect is decreased.The temperature distribution in autumn is similar with summer.The preserve heat in winter is not obvious than the cool effect in summer.The mean temperature on vegetation roof is higher than cement roof,and the effect is an accumulative process.The thermal distributions is important to relation of roof greening and environment,it can provide scientific basis for the construction and development of roof greening.

The effect of extraneous GA₃,6-BA on the flowering rate,the number of flower,the flowering time,and flowering qulity of two nobile-type Dendrobium,D.Corona×(D.Malones×D.Love)(D1)and D.Red Emperor×D.Love Hunter(D2),were tested.The results indicated that the concentration and kind of used hormone had different effect on the hybrids.D1 should be treated in 25 mg·L^-1 GA₃ and 800 mg·L^-1 6-BA,which promotes the flowering and the quality of flower.But D2 should be treated in 10 mg·L^-1 GA₃ and 800 mg·L^-1 6-BA.

The structure of the bordered pit membrane on the fir tracheid was studied through the observation using scanning electron microscope.As a result,torus of the bordered pit on the fir tracheid can be seen clearly,and the change of the thickness from torus to margo is not obvious.The microfibrils of the margo mainly distribute radiately,part of them exist tangently and slantingly.Only bordered pit membrane in sapwood of the fresh wood cover nothing,while the others cover with amorphous materials.Same as the torus of the heartwood in fresh wood,the torus of sapwood in air-dried wood and springwood in heartwood are all sunken with much warty layer on the pit border.

The hot-press temperature curves were researched and effects of hot-pressing temperature,thickness of veneer and the numbers of layer on mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber(LVL)were analyzed with emphasis in the paper.Results showed that there was positive relationship between hot-pressing temperature and modulus of elastic(MOE);the modulus of rupture(MOR)of LVL was best when manufactured at 160 ℃.When the thickness of veneers was 3.25 mm the LVL usually destroyed due to veneer tearing;while when the thickness of veneers was 1.70 mm it easily splited in adhesive layer;the mechanical properties of LVL were best when the thickness of veneers was 1.70 mm;the 3 multinomial degrees of fitting the numbers of layers with MOE and MOR of Eucalyptus LVL matched very well,the R² value were 0.951 6 and 0.981 2,respectively.