The growth pattern in stem diameter of nine sample trees of Larix principis-rupprechtii was measured by dendrometerand the response of which to the meteorological factors was researched from May to November in 2005 in the north of Liupan Mountain．Ningxia．The results showed：The maximum of stem diameter was distributed from 6：00 to 9：00 and the minimum one was distributed from 16：00 to 20：00．The stem grows more quickly in former days than in after days of growth period．The stem growth stopped from the last ten days of August．And the higher dominance degree of the sample trees the faster stem of which grows．The pattern in cumulative stem diameter growth could be fitted by the power function satisfactorily．And the correlation coefficient was between 0．78 and 0．92．Principle component analysis to meteorological factors showed that the temperature and moisture were the main effect factors to the stem diameter growth．Combine with the partial correlation analysis，the maximum daily temperature，the air relative humidity，average daily solar radiation and the soil water content could be selected to establish the linear model．

Dynamics of species composition and the correlation coefficients of species in each layer were studied and generation patterns of major tree species were discussed among developmental stages of gaps in Karst forest in Maolan Nature Reserve，Guizhou Province．Along the gap developmental series of 10，20，30 and 40 years，the dominant species in the arbor layer were Diospyros dumetorum，Pistacia chinensis，Handeliodendron bodinieri and Carpinus pubescens．The dominant species in the shrub layer were Ampelocalamus calcareous，Sinosideroxylon wightianum，Mahonia confusa and Drypetes longipes，while the dominant species in the herb layer were Pyrrosia lingua，Lepisorus，，Selaginella uncinata and Elatostema stewardii．As for the liana，Smilax stans，Sabia schumanniana，Dabergia hancei and Sabia paniculata were the common species．In the non-gap stands，there were no dominant species．The similarity coefficients of trees，shrubs，herbaceous species and liana species with different gap stages were 0.31，0.42，0.27 and 0.32，respectively．This indicated that the composition of shrub species remained relatively stable during the past 40 years of gap development，while the composition of herbaceous species fluctuated greatly．Trees replacement patterns could be classified into 4 groups according to quantitative dynamics of seedlings，saplings and trees in different gap stages．

Vegetative storage proteins (VSPs)in Pterocarpus indicus，a tropical leguminosae tree，were identified by using optical and electronic microscopy and SDS-PAGE．The immuno-relatedness of VSPs in five tropical trees was also examined by Western-blotting．Under optical microscope，abundant vacuolar inclusions in fresh blue appearance were found in the xylem parenehyma cells，xylem ray parenchyma ceils，phloem parenchyma cells，phloem ray parenchyma cells and cortical parenchyma cells in terminal branches and also observed in the phloem parenchyma cells and phloem ray parenchyma cells in trunk and large roots stained with mercury-bromphenol blue specific for general proteins during leafless stage．So，the vacuolar inclusions were obviously proteinaceous and the cells containing vacuolar protein inclusions were referred as protein-storing cells(PSCs)．Under an electron microscope，nubbly，floccular and homogenous forms of VSPs could be distinguished in the phloem parenchyma cells of terminal branches during leafless stage and their distribution was cell-specific．The protein inclusions in PSCs of the bark of branches almost disappeared during new shoot development while those in the trunk and large roots had no detectable changes in abundance．There were four prominent protein bands with molecular masses of about 33.5，28，21 and 19.5 ku respectively in the SDS-PAGE profiles of soluble protein from the bark tissues of branches．Trunk and large roots during leafless period．The four proteins in the bark tissues of branches decreased obviously during new shoot development whereas were present in abundance in the bark tissues of trunk and large roots．Based on the data above，the four proteins were the VSPs in P．Ind／cus．With the polyclonal antibodies raised against the 21 ku VSP in Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae)，the 22 ku VSP in Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae)and the 67 ku VSP in Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae)，immuno-relatedness were revealed by Western-blotting between the VSPs in Pterocarpus indicus，Swietenia macrophyUa，Litchi chinensis，Sapindus mukorossi，and Hevea brasiliensis． There was strong immuno-relatedness of the VSPs in different tree species of the same family and no immuno-relatedness between the VSPs in the hardwoods of different families．The diversity of VSPs in biochemical character suggested that VSPs in trees have some special roles in addition to nitrogen storage．

Water controlling experiment was conducted to study the transpiration rate of Pea pratensis and three shrubs including Euonymus japonicus、Ligustrum×vicaryi、Sabina procumbens by pot experiment and microlysimeter under soil moisturestress．Grade of water supply of these plants was divided into three grades：super grade，grade 1 and grade 2 according toobservation data．Super grade refers to sufficient water supply，under this condition plants flourish and soil water potentials of shrubs and turf are respectively-0.24～-0.08 Mpa and-0.07～-0.02 Mpa．Grade 1 means slightly water deficiency。Under this condition plants grow normally and their transpiration rates decrease without responses against moisture stress，the water potential is respectively-0.48～-0.24 Mpa and-0.18～-0.07 Mpa．Grade 2 is medium water deficiency，that is，soil water potentials are respectively-1.41～-0.48 Mpa and-0.78～-0.18 Mpa and plants appear temporary wilting without influence on ornamental effect．Controlled water supply can increase efficiency of water use and save water resource．

Valsa canker is a distructive disease on apple trees and causes severe economic losses．Five isolates showing different colony color，as compared with common species of Valsa canker pathogen，were found in Shaanxi among 150 isolates from China．The colony color of the isolates on PDA were milk white and no growth under 37℃．A conidiomata was not found in the culture period (30 d) on PDA．But many small conidiomata were produced at 6 d on 20％ABA medium and yellow to brown cirrhi was secreted．There were about 140～250 conidiomata in one plate (diameter 9 cm)and the average size were 0.1～0.5 mm．The isolates were identified as Valsa malicola (anamorph C．Schulzeri) by fruiting body morphological characters，such as ascostromata and conidiomata．Furthermore，the ITS sequence analysis showed that 5 isolates from Shaanxi were clustered to the same group with V．Malicola from USA and South Africa．After inoculating 2-year-old twigs with V．Malicolaisolates by ironing wound，the small canker were developed and conidiomata were formed 8～9 days after inoculation on aDpie cuhivar‘Qinguan’and‘Fuji’．The disease developed very slow，compared to that caused by V．Ceratosperma，which developed much more faster and caused large，typical canker symptoms and produced conidiomata after 20 days after inoculation．

The different parts of Kochia scoparia were investigated for their acarocidal activity against Tetranychus viennensis．The result indicated that the bioactivity of chloroform extract of seed of K．Scoparia was the higher than that of root，stem and foliage of K．Scoparia，the adjusted mortalities of egg and female mite were 63.37％ and 70.02％．Respectively at the concentration of 2 mg·Ml^-1 The chloroform extract of seed was then separated and purified．The silica gel column was used to separate and purify active constitutes of the crude extracts of chloroform．A total of 11 bands were seen by TLC analysis．The band 2 appeared a strong acarocidal activity against T．Viennensis，the adjusted mortalities of egg and female mite were 68.01％ and 87.10％，respectively at the concentration of 1 mg·Ml^-1．

The sticky insect glue can control Dendrolimus tabuleaformis、D．Superans，Tetranychus truncatus、Scythropus yasumatsui，the control efficiency is more than 95%，and can control I>Lithocolletis ringoniella with the attractant(bait)，the control efficiency is more than 85%．Besides，it can also control many insect pests．For example Lygus lucorum、Apocheima cinerarius、Drosicha corpulenta and so on．Controlling insect pests by the sticky insect glue，the cost is lower，and it can decrease evidently the use leveland and use times of chemical pesticide，and improve the control efficiency，and reduce the control cost． The sticky insect glue was apllied extensively to forestry pests，fruit trees’pests，city-sanitary insect pests for forecasting and controlling，and it has widely application in the future．

Pissodes Germar，1817 belongs to Pissodinae (Coleoptera：Curculionidae) which has only one genus，with Pissodes pini as its type species．There are 46 currently-described species，29 of which distributed in America，18 in Europe and Asia，but one specie，P．Nemorensis，distributed in all these three continents including the United States of America，Canada，Russia and Japan．Most species of Pissodes are serous pest insects which could spread to other area by human activities．There are 3 species distributed in both Europe and Asia，P．Gyllenhali has it’S distribution in Europe part of Russia，Germany，Sweden，China，Japan and Asia part of Russia (Siberia)；P．Harcyniae distributed in Europe part of Russia and China；P．Validirostris distributes in France and China．Host plants of Pissodes ale conifers including 39 species belong to 5 genera，I．E．Pinus，Picea，Abie5，Larix and Pseudotsuga．Hosts of 26 species of Pissodes are Pinus，6 species on Picea，5 species on Abies，4 species on Larix and 1 species on Pseudotsuga．Seven species of Pissodes have been recorded from China，two of them (P．Punctatus and P．Yunnanensis)are only found in China，three species including P．Gyllenhali，P．Harcynia and P．Validirostris also distributed in Europe，P．Cembrae、P．Gyllenhal and P．Nitidus are also distributed in Japan，P．Nitidus has also found in Korea．Some species such as P．Nemorensis and P．Galloisi from Japan，P．Insignatus from Russia，P．Obscurus from Japan，Korea and Russia and all species from America should be paid more attentions and need to be quarantined in order to prevent them to be introduced to China．

The key technology for constructing an automatic image analysis system for fire behavior is automatic extraction of fire characteristics by computer．The technology for extracting boundary of fire from image was studied in this paper．The results showed that because of the significant difference between flames and other objects in image，a linear classifier can be used to realize this，which provides basic technical support for construction of automatic image analysis system for fire behavior．

Larch plantation is one of main commercial forests and has an important function to national economy construction．Four kinds of harvesting methods were done in larch plantation in Dailing Forestry Bureau，Heilongjiang Province．The papercalculated the comprehensive benefits of the four harvesting methods under the flat and steep slopes，considering operation costs，operation effects，seedlings destruction，soil disturbance and wood wastes，by using analytic hierarchy process method．Theresult indicated that the selective cutting-animal skidding mode Was the optimal harvesting method for the forest areas．

Permeability of sub-alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) wetwood after steam-explosion treatment was determined and amicroscope analysis was carried out in this study．Comparing to the control，radial and tangential permeability of sub-alpine firwetwood was amplified after steam explosion treatment．The permeability enlarged as the pressure (temperature) or cycles of explosion．A statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in permeability between the steam-explosion treated groups and control group．Improvement permeability of sub-alpine fir wetwood attributed to steam-explosion treatment that madesome aspirated pits un-aspirated and ruptures on pit membranes．

The bonding reactions of isocyanate resin to wood are composed of those that isocyanate group reacted with lignin， semicellulose，cellulose and water．As a result，the knowledge about reaction of isocyanate group with each wood component does well to understand and to control wood bonding with isocyanate resin．Therfore，the paper mainly studied on the reactions between the phenyl isocyanate (BMI) and lignin，cellulose，wood powder by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique．In different calefactive rates，it characterized the reactions of isocyanate with lignin，wood powder，respectively，with two moisture contents(MC) which were absolute dry moisture content(MC=0%) and equilibrium moisture content (MC：3% for lignin，and 5% for wood powder)．It also evaluated the reactions characterizations of isocyanate with the mixtures of lignin and cellulose with different weight ratios．Based on the analyses to the DSC curves and Ozawa equation，the activation energies of the reactions of the BMI-lignin，BMI-wood powder were obtained，by which the reaction characterizations of the phenylisocyanate with lignin，cellulose，and wood powder are discussed．The study indicated that the reaction temperature and activated energy of BMI-lignin system were lower than those of BMI-wood system．The BMI mainly reacts with lignin when cellulose and lignin were mixed together．However，the reaction degree of BMl with cellulose increased with the cellulose content increasing in cellulose-lignin mixture．When the moisture content of wood reached 5%．The reaction activation of BMI-wood system reduced34%．

This paper has analyzed the importance of calculation about nail holding power of micron wood fiber product by mould pressing．The primary hypotheses of dynamic analyses of nail holding power have been put forward．The dynamic model of nail holding power has been established．The distribution function of thread force has been deduced．Using the theory of this paper，we can calculate the thread force quantitatively according to the rigidity of micron wood fiber product by mould pressingand the geometric parameters of screw．Further more，the nail holding power can be calculated．An important theoretical basisabout calculation of nail holding power of micron wood fiber product by mould pressing has been given．

Automatic diagnosis of the wood assortment is the issue which needs to be solved urgently in wood industry．The wood assortment recognition that based on the lumber cell characteristic is a new research direction．The cell appearance is an important characteristic in the cell image analysis．And the cell characteristic parameter extracting is the foundation of wood assortment recognition．This paper introduced three cell outline extraction methods and proposed extracting the information of cell boundary outline using chain code technology which had the merits such as quick computing speed and the higher precision and SO on．This paper also elaborated the some kinds of methods of computing the cell characteristic parameter such as cell perimeter，cell number counting，area，circular ratio and center of gravity and so on which provide the important basis for the wood assortment recognition．

Sprouting is a part of the“regeneration niche”and a highly evolutionarily labile trait for plants．Sprout regeneration is an efficient mechanism for forest regeneration to regain lost biomass after disturbances，and has the important ecological function in regulating individual life history strategies of plants，and restoring secondary vegetation following intense disturbances，as well as maintaining species composition and structure of community．Sprouting is a complex ecophysiological process．The sprouting ability of plant is not only affected by its exterior habitat，disturbances and resources level，but also controlled by its interior nutrient level and hormone situation．This paper reviewed six hypotheses on the mechanism of sprout formation．The biogeographic hypothesis suggests that different biogeographic communities have different number of sprouters，and there are more sprouters in tropical forest sites than that in temperate sites．The habitat hypothesis indicates that trees in different environment have different resprouting ability．And the nutrition hypothesis considers that the soil，the coarse roots and the taproots are the main nutrient sources for sprouting．From the viewpoint of disturbance hypothesis，disturbance types，intensity and frequency are usually considered to be the important determinant of resprouting in woody communities．The resource allocation hypothesis states that resprouting requires resources for supporting sprout after disturbances such as fire or cutting．Resprouting ability is regulated by level of hormone in tree，and auxins (IAA) and cytokinins are two groups of growth regulators to promote development of stem buds and shoots in the light of hormone regulating hypothesis．Finally，some propositions in this research field were made to offer the references for further studies．

The concepts and status of reduced impact logging(RIL) and ecology-based forest harvesting(EFH) were summarized in this paper．RIL was systematically researched，and the new code of forest harvesting practice was established in the world．Although a new code of forest harvesting practice has been established in China，it is not perfect and can’t meet the requirements of sustainable forest management．Most of the researches about EFH were focused on the theories and single techniques，it is short of doing comparison on costs and benefits with conventional logging，technical patterns of EFH for forest types are not perfect，technical system of EFH has not been formed．Finally，the research orientation of the future in China was pointed out．

The research for chemical communication mechanism in Cerambycidae involved in identification of semiochemicals and application of them in the integrated pest management (IPM)，reproductive behaviour characters relative to semiochemicals．The elytra，thorax and cuticle are main position released pheromone．The carbon chain of short-range pheromones is generally more than 20 carbons and about 10 carbons or less than it in the long-range pheromones．These rules may provide information for the identification of pheromones later．Plant volatiles are applied to control beetles in the chemical communication by characteristics of function as attractant，repellent，antifeedant and ovipositional deterrent to regulate insect behavior．Short range pheromones or contact pheromones are more used to motivate mating behavior which showed physiological rhythm and phenomenon of mate protection，vision，colour，shape and size of body and cuticular chemicals are effect factors in the mating behavior．The clear understand of characteristics of semiochemicals and reproductive biology will benefit their effective application in IPM．

Expansion or contraction of forest ecosystems on the earth has been driven by the changes in relative scarcity of the products and services from the lands．For a long history worldwide，food has been relatively scarcer than wood，so forests have been largely changed into agricultural uses．However，due to the dramatic decrease of forests in the world during the last century，wood products as well as forest ecological services are becoming relatively scarcer than food and therefore many agricultural lands have been converted back into forestlands．Meanwhile．Plantations have replaced natural forests as a major timber supply in most countries．This paper first briefly explains the evolution of forest land use/cover from economics perspective，then uses land use changes in the US，New Zealand and the Hainan Island of China as examples to support our argument．Finally a perspective of the future forestland change is presented based on the principles of economics．

This paper proposes to establish forest resources and assets common system to solve forest resourcescaretaking and protecting responsibility system’S problem．State-owned forest resources common system is one form of possessing system of multi-property owners and social-operation，which adapts social producing and marketing economy．Acknowledging property right of labor force is the necessary condition of establishing state-owned forest resources common system．Common system is the effectiverealizing form of socialistic public ownership，the system guarantee to realize common richness of forest area employees，and the effective approach to make forestry companies break away from difficult condition and impreve economy benefit．

Based on field investigation and related references， the indigenous ornamental plants diVCrsity of Shenzhen was studied．The status，distribution and characteristic of indigenous ornamental plants resources of Shenzhen were discussed．The results indicated that the total number of native vascular plants in Shenzhen are 1461 species，belonging to 740 genera and 208 families，including 724 potential indigenous ornamental plants．The resources of indigenous ornamental plants were characterised by richness in composition，abundance of endemic elements and diversity of life types．Also suggestions for exploitation and application of indigenous ornamental plants resources of Shenzhen were given．

‘Shinseiki’pear，a superior cuhivars of pyrus pyrifolia，was bred from a cross of‘Nijisseiki’בChojuro’in Japan．In China，many excellent pear cultivars have been released using‘Shinseiki’as a parent．In this study，the S-genotypes of 13 progenies of‘Shinseiki’were identified by PCR-RFLP analysis，DNA sequencing and bioinformatic method．As a control， ‘Shinseiki’was also included．PCR amplification showed that a common fragment of about 370 bp was generated in all the 13 cultivars． Restriction digestion analysis showed that PCR product amplified from ten cuhivars ‘Huangguan’， ‘Yaqing’，‘Bishanerhao’，‘Xinya’，‘Cuilv’，‘Xizilv’，‘Zhonglierhao’，‘Zhongliyihao’，‘Qingxiang’and‘Qinghua’could be cut by s₄-allele-specific endonuclease， and that from‘Xinhang’， ‘Cuiguan’ and ‘Zaomeisu’ could be cut by S₃-allele-specific endonuclease．DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis revealed that the undigested PCR fragment of ‘Huangguan’，‘Cuiguan’，‘Zaomeisu’， ‘Yaqing’， ‘Bishanerhao’， ‘Xinhang’， ‘Cuilv’， ‘Xizilv’， ‘Zhonglierhao’， ‘Zhongliyihao’，‘Qingxiang’，‘Xinya’and‘Qinghua’was identical to S₁₆，S₅，S₃₅，S₁₇，S₁₆，S₁，S₃，S₁，S₃₁，S₃₅，S₇，S₁₇ and S_l，respectively．Consequently，the S-genotypes of 13 cuhivars were as follows：‘Huangguan’(S₄ S₁₆)，‘Yaqing’(S₄ S₁₇)，‘Xinhang’(S₁S₃)，‘Bishanerhao’(S₄S₁₆)，‘Xinya’(S₄S₁₇)，‘Cuilv’(S₃ S_{4>/sub>)，‘Xizilv’(Sl S4)，‘Zhonglierhao’(S4S31)，‘Zhongliyihao’(S4 S35)，‘Zaomeisu’(S3S35)，‘Cuiguan’(S3 S5)，‘Qingxiang’(S4 S7) and‘Qinghua’(Sl S4)．}

Photosynthesis and transpiration of Artemisia sacrorum were studied using the Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system in Loess Plateau region．The results showed that the diumal variation of net photosynthetic rate (P_n)in A．Sacrorum was single-peak curves from June to September．The diurnal variation of P_n was a bimodal curve and photosynthesis got into middaydepression at 14：00 in May．The light compensation point (LCP) and the light saturation point (LSP) of A．Sacrorum were 44.1 μmol·m^-2s^-1 and 351 μmol·m^-2s^-1．Respectively．The LCP was higher than that of typical sun plants and the LSPverged on that of typical sun plants．This indicated that A．Sacrorum was a sunny and typical sun plant．With PAR increasing，Tr was increasing along and had no saturation peak．When PAR was less than 160 μmol·m^-2s^-1，the water use efficiency (WUE) of A．Sacrorum increased greatly．When PAR variedfrom 160 to 2000μmol·m^-2s^-1，WUE changed from 2.5 to 3.39μmol C0₂·mmol^-1H₂O．It was proved again that A．Sacrorum was a sunny plant．

The flower’s meristematic characteristic gene Apl was introduced into Chrysanthemum morifolium cv．‘Yu RenMian’mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens．The factors influencing genetic transformation protocol were studied．The resuhsshowed that the leaf explants precultured for 2～8 hours or not precuhured were best for transformation by A．Tumefaciens．The suitable concentration of bacterial and the time for infecting was OD₆₀₀ 0.5 for 10 minutes．Leaves were cocultivated with bacterial at 23～25℃ for 2 days．Then delayed selection for 3 days．Kan^r plant were selected by increased selective press from 5 mg·L^-1 G418 to 7.5 mg·L^-1 G418 followed by 10 mg·^-1 G418．The integration of Apl gene into C．Morifolium‘Yu Ren Mian’was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting．Two of transgenic plants bloomed 15 days earlier than untransformed plants．

The volatile compounds of Rubus idaeus fruits and the wines made by tradional technology in small containers were analyzed by GC/MS．The results indicated that 85 kinds of volatile components were detected in 4 samples altogether and the number of volatile compounds found in fruits，raw wine，and wine aged for 3 months and 6 months was 33，33，27 and 26 respectively．In fruits，33 kinds of volatile components were detected，in which the relative content of 9-octadecenamide， erucylamide，mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate was 78.66%．About 33 kinds of volatile components were found in raw wine，and 24 kinds of them were new compared with fruits．48 kinds of volatile components were found ccessively in wine during the aging time，and 17 kinds of them were the same as fruits and raw wines．In the aging wines the cardinal volatile components were benzeneethanol，1-pentyl alcohol，1，2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester，ethyl caproate and 1，6-dideoxydulcitol whose relative content was about 80%．This indicated that an aging treatment could improve the quality of wines．

Ilexfargesii is the fine evergreen broad-leaved tree species of northern China，but it is quite difficult to propagate．Using the oahogonal experiment design method，techniques on sowing and growing seedling of Ilex fargesii were studied．The results show that different mediums，different shading treatments and different seed treatments have significant influence on emergence rate of seedlings and quality of seedlings of Ilex fargesii．The optimum scheme of seedling-raising of Ilex fargesii is using humus soil，using single-layer shading net with 50% sunlight permeability rate，soaking the seeds with dense sulphuric acid and 250 mg kg^-1 GA_{3 for 24 hours，and stratification treatment．}

In-forest landscapes of the middle-aged recreational forests of Pinus tabulaeformis on thick soil of Beijing lower mountainous area were evaluated by SBE method (scenic beauty estimation method)and the multivariate linear models for landscape evaluation and forecast between favor degrees and the factors of in-forest landscape were established using Quantitative Theory I in this paper．The suitable structure and the models of tending techniques of this kind of recreational forests were educed．The study shown that the scenic quality of the recreational forest of P．Tabulaeformis should have been enhanced by quantitative tending techniques，including pruning dead branches and alive branches，cutting shrubs，thinning and so on．After tending，the perfect recreational forest of P．Tabulaeformis in sunny slope should be with tree density below 1 100 tree·hm^-2，the canopy density about 0.8，the height and coverage of shrub about 1.5 m and 30%，the height of alive branches between 2.5～4.0 m，a small change of vegetation under the canopy, and without deadwood．The perfect recreational forest of P．Tabulaeformis in shady slope should be with the tree density about 1500 tree·hm^-2,the height and coverage of shrub below 1.0 m and 50%．The height of alive branches between 2.5～4.0 m．And without deadwood．The results of this paper should expect to offer the theory and techniques support of sustainable management of the middle-aged recreational forests of P．Tabulaeformis in Beijing mountainous area，and also for reference to similar area of north of China．

The shoot-tips of Euonymus fortunei cv．‘Yuanban’excised from healthy in vitro plants were successfully eryopreserved with the vitrification technique．After the shoot tips formed roots and were successfully transferred to soil of outside with the control plant．To study the adaptability to summer high temperatures of the regenerated plantlets，they were tested for vegetative growth (plant height，branch number，branch length，leaf number)，and physiological parameters (photosynthetic pigment content，praline and electrolyte leakage)at intervals．The results showed that no statistical difference in the physiological parameters between the regenerated plantlets and the control．The changes in vegetative growth of the regenerated plantlets were quite similar to the control and there was no statistical difference in amount about branch number，branch length，leaf number．However，data of the plant height revealed that the plant height of the control was higher than that of the regenerated ones．The reason for that was not clear and more researches were needed．