Based on a survey of the population composition of plant communities, the main tree species population structure of three typical forests was analyzed and the succession trends of communities were deduced in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The results showed that: 1) The dominant species in the arbor layer included coniferous trees (Pinus massoniana, Cupressus funebris etc.), deciduous broad-leaved trees (Quercus glanduifera, Quercus variabilis etc.), and evergreen broad-leaved trees Cyclobalanopsis multineryius, Lithocarpus glaber etc.). 2) The height class frequency peak in coniferous forest arbor layer was 10～15 m, while that in coniferous-broadleaved and broadleaved forest was 5～10 m. 3) The DBH class frequency distributions of dominated species in broadleaved forest displayed an inverse-J pattern, while that of companion species was L or inverse-J pattern. The population size structure of main tree species indicated the community appeared stable. 4) The population of dominant coniferous species in coniferous-broadleaved forest community was declining, presenting unimodal, inverse-J shape, while those of broadleaved dominated species were gradually increasing, with L type or intermittent increasing multimodal type. 5) The DBH class frequency distribution of dominant species in coniferous forest was typical unimodal, while those of the companion species were unibar type or L type. 6) The forest succession procedure in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was deduced with the population size structure of main tree species, such as the coniferous forest community →the broadleaf and conifer mixed forest community → the evergreen broad-leaved forest community. The results provided scientific basis for eco-construction and forest resources management in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

Ten trees with approximately the same age and diameter at breast height were sampled from each of the 5 populations of Taxus yunnanensis to measure taxol contents of barks, twigs and needles. Their variation patterns were then analyzed, and correlations between 194 RAPD markers and taxol contents of barks, twigs and needles were further tested. The result indicated that there were significant (P<0.05) differences of taxol content in bark, twigs and needles among 5 populations. The variations in barks, twigs and needles took up 16.22%, 33.9% and 45.81%, respectively among populations. There were 11, 13 and 59 RAPD markers identified to be significantly correlated to taxol contents of barks, twigs and needles with their contribution rates ranging from 7.791% to 11.509%, 7.853% to 24.457% and 7.858% to 26.729%, respectively. Special markers were also screened out to indicate the low taxol content in barks, twigs and needles. It was suggested that different genetic improvement strategies should be used for various management objectives such as barks, twigs or needles utility, in terms of the variations of taxol contents among different organs in this species.

The organogenic calli of Slash Pine(Pinus elliottii) were used to study the differentiation, rooting and histological anatomy of adventitious buds.The result indicated that the best differentiation medium was TX+BA 0.5 mg·L^-1+IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1+30 g·L^-1 sucrose， and the best synchronous development medium was TX+IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1+30 g·L^-1 sucrose. The medium without major elements was benefit to rooting of adventitious buds in the beginning of root initiation, and the rooting cycle had been shorten and rooting rate had been improved when major elements were supplemented 25 days after root initiation. The organogenic calli had signs of white and semi-solid appearance outside and large number of meristem inside.

Southern blot and RT-PCR were used to detect vgb-transgenic Populus alba×P. glandulosa. The results showed that the vgb gene had been integrated into the genome of the poplar and had expressed at transcription level. A flooding resistant test was performed with transgenic poplars and the non-transgenic control in greenhouse. With increasing flooding treatment time, the death rate was increased, however the death rate in transgenic plants was lower than that in the control plants. In seventeen days after waterlogging treatment, the control plant death rate was 66.67%, while that in transgenic plants was under 50.00%. Among them, the death rate in transgenic line of T81 was the lowest, with 25.00%. Chlorophyll content was higher and MDA content was lower in leaves of the transgenic plants compared with that in the control plants under the flooding treatment. The growth inhibition degree of transgenic plants was lower than control plants under waterlogging stress. The results suggested that under flooding stress, the expression of vgb gene raised chlorophyll accumulation of poplar plants, promoted the growth of transgenic plants, and increased tolerance of the transgenic poplar to waterlogging.

A taxonomic revision of Rhododendron tsoi (Ericaceae) was made in this paper, based on literature survey, field investigation, specimen examination, and evaluation of taxonomical significance of the major morphological characters. The size and shape of leaves, leaf apex and indumentum on lower surfaces were found to be reliable diagnostic characters for the circumscription of R. tsoi and its related taxa. However stamen length and its relative length in comparison with the style were so variable that they could not be used to circumscribe R. tsoi at species and sub-species level. Based on the leaf characters the previous R. tsoi and its related taxa were circumscribed as one species, that is R. tsoi,and four varieties, I.e. R. tsoi　var. hypoblematosum (Tam) X. F. Jin & B. Y. Ding,R. tsoi var. nudistylum (Tam) X. F. Jin & B. Y. Ding,R. tsoi var. huiyangense (Fang & M. Y. He) X. F. Jin & B. Y. Ding , and R. tsoi var. polyraphidoideum (Tam) X. F. Jin & B. Y. Ding. In addition, R. crassimedium and R. crassistylum were reduced to the synonyms of R. tsoi var. hypoblematosum, and R. tingwuense and R. unciferum were synonymized into R. tsoi var. nudistylum. The geographic distribution of R. tsoi and these intraspecific taxa were described as well.

Light and nitrogen (N) are two main environmental factors affecting plant growth and physiological process. With sand culture in greenhouse, the growth and carbon-nitrogen metabolism of one-year-old Fraxinus mandshurica (Ash) seedlings were analyzed under two light intensities and four N concentrations. The results showed that compared with full light, shading increased the specific leaf area, crown to root ratio (C/R), whole plant leaf area and leaf mass ratio by 35.5%, 24.9%, 21.8% and 18.5%, respectively, but whole plant biomass decreased 19.6%. Under two light intensities, whole plant biomass and leaf area increased significantly with increasing N supply (P<0.05). Furthermore, soluble sugar content, starch content and total non-structural carbon (TNC) content decreased significantly under shading treatment, and starch content and total non-structural carbon content also decreased with increasing N supply (P<0.05). In addition, shading decreased the nitrate content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in leaves, but the soluble protein content significantly increased (P<0.05). At two light intensities, soluble protein content and NR activity increased, while nitrate content decreased with increasing N supply. There was a significant positive correlation between soluble sugar content and nitrate content (r=0.944, P<0.01), while other carbon metabolism (soluble sugar content, starch content and TNC content) and N metabolism (soluble protein content, nitrate content and NR activity) tend to be a negative correlation, but not significant. In conclusion, one-year-old Ash seedlings were very sensitive to light and N. Low light intensity and N deficiency finally lead to poor growth of Ash seedlings, although the seedlings had somewhat ability for adapting the low light and N deficiency.

Effects of cadmium stress on absorption and distribution of mineral nutrients in poplar plants were studied using three poplar clones that were cultivated in Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with Cd²⁺ (0, 25, 50, 100 μmol·L^-1). After 5 months of treatment, plants were harvested and cadmium (Cd), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P) and boron (B) in various tissues including mature leaf, ageing leaf, stem xylem and root were detected. The results showed that normal harmony among mineral elements was broken by cadmium stress, which might be one of the major reasons for cadmium potentially toxic to the plants. Under the stress of cadmium with the same concentration, the content of cadmium in tissues showed significant difference among the different poplar clones, therefore it was practicable to select the poplar clones with high capability of cadmium accumulation. The retention of cadmium in ageing leaves and roots played an important role in detoxifying cadmium. Low concentration of Cd such as 25 and 50 μmol·L^-1 promoted the absorption of mineral elements, while high concentration such as 100 μmol·L^-1 reduced the absorption of mineral elements. For a given element, its content showed the significant difference among the different poplar clones. Cadmium stress remarkably inhibited the absorption of the root to Mn, decreased the up-transfer of Zn and increased the distribution of P and Na in aboveground parts of plants. Chlorosis of the poplar plants induced by cadmium was not caused by Mg, Fe, Cu, Ca and K deficit.

A survey was conducted in the Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve. It was recorded the forest cover rate reached to 90%, including 7 forest vegetation types and 16 forest stands in the ecosystems of Taoyuandong. This nature reserve possessed rich and diverse species resources: 1 825 seed plants, 215 ferns plants, 72 fungi and 212 terrestrial vertebrates. Furthermore, there were 29 national key protection wild plant species, 4 first-grade national protected animal species, 25 secondary national protected animal species and 152 provincial third-degree protected animal species in wildlife. The quality of air and surface water reached to national standard level. There were relative less bacteria and average 18　000 per cm³ of negative ions in the air of the reserve. The environment had high quality with abundant rainfall and humid as well as diverse types of micro-climate. In general, the fine forest environment and rich biodiversity demonstrated that the ecological condition of Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve was good and it should be protected from degradation.

The content of anthocyanin, soluble sugar and pH value in Cotinus coggygria leaves of four different types of leaf colors (“yellow”, “orange red”, “purple red”, “red”) were studied during the leaf color change in autumn of 2000. The results showed that the relative content of anthocyanin in all types increased at start and then decreased. All of them reached to a peak value on 24th October. The “purple red” type had the highest relative content of anthocyanin with 306.55 pigment units, while the “yellow” type had the lowest with 42.25 pigment units. The content of soluble sugar in each type had no significant difference and decreased during the leaf color change. The pH value of “purple red” was lower than that of “yellow” type, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The pH value of green leaves was obviously higher than that of red leaves in the same tree. Of all the growth regulators applied in three years (1998, 1999, 2001), ethephon increased most the pigment of anthocyanin with the treated concentration of 500 mg·Ｌ^－１, and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves decreased slowly. It indicated that the ethephon of appropriate concentration is beneficial to extend the ornamental period of the colored leaves.

The 78 strains were collected from the soil and were prescreened to have antagonistic activity against Ceratosphaeria phyllostachydis. A strain named 6-59 with a relatively higher antagonistic activity was obtained via re-screening. Then the strain 6-59 was characterized by morphological and culture features observation, physiological and biochemical measurements and 16SrDNA sequence analysis. Based on the data, the strain was initially identified as Bacillus megaterium. Through organic solvent extracting and （NH₄）₂SO₄ salting out to the fermentation liquid, the antagonistic substance produced by the stain 6-59 was inferred to a protein. Then the fermentation conditions of the strain 6-59 was studied via single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, and the optimal shaking flask fermentation condition was determined as follows: a medium composed of 2% sucrose, 3% peptone, 0.03% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.02% KCl, seed age 18 h, initial pH of the medium 7.0, medium 50 mL in a 250 mL flask, inoculum size 4% and fermentation time 72 h. In this optimized conditions, the inhibition zone diameter of the fermentation liquid could reach to 25.8 mm.

The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a highly damaging pest on a world scale. Monochamus alternatus is the most important vector of B. xylophilus. A quick, reliable and replicable method is needed for detecting the pest. To that end, we firstly developed a simple procedure for isolating DNA from the mixture of nematode +beetle tissue for subsequent nematode detection by PCR amplification. Then one pair of B. xylophilus-specific primers that generated a specific amplicon of 403 bp (DQ855275) located respectively in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions， were choosen. No amplicon was obtained from either M. alternatus or any of the 12 other nematodes species related to pine wilt disease (B.mucronatus, B.aberrans, B.corneolus, B.leoni, B.hunanensis, B.teratospicularis, Aphelenchoides resinosi, Seinura steineri, Ditylenchus parvus，Odorhabdiplogaster xiphocaudatus, Rhabditida sp. And Parasitorhabditis sp.) with the primers. The same 403 bp amplicon was also firstly obtained by PCR amplification from the beetle tissue infested with B. xylophilus.

A binomial logistic model was established based on RS, GIS and GPS techniques to simulate and predict the distribution of nest-site of Red-crowned Crane (Grus japonensis) in Zhalong National Nature Reserve (ZLNNR), Heilongjiang Province, China. By using the data of present and absent points, a spatial auto-correlation test was conducted to screen the variables for the model. The result showed the factors affected the nest-site selection by Red-crowned Cranes included natural environment factors such as reed height and coverage, and elevation, and disturbance factors such as distance to residential area, density of dykes and roads around the nest. The model was tested through calculating the match coefficients of observed and predicted present/absent data. The correctly classified rate reached to 80.4%. Meanwhile, the model predicted that the suitable habitat for nesting by Red-crowned Crane reached to 223.46 km², which mainly distributed in the middle and north of ZLNNR. The model prediction basically reflected the suitable nesting habitat distribution, and might provide scientific basis for efficient conservation and management of the nesting habitats, and restoration of key nesting habitats for Red-crowned Crane in ZLNNR.

Based on the data of a forest fire census from 1969 to 2004 in Jilin Province, the amount of mean annual consumed biomass of the forest was estimated to be 27 285.31～36 380.41 t, accounted for about 0.45%～0.61% of total national consummation biomass from forest fires. The relevant released carbon was 22 004.38～29 339.17 t, which was about 1.05% of total national emissions from forest fires. Annual CO₂, CO and CH₄ emissions from the forest fires in Jilin Province during the period were 72 614.45～96 819.27 t, 5 283.01～7 044.02 t and 1 784.40～2 379.20 t.

Based on data of forest fire statistics in Beijing from 1986 to 2006, a temporal and spatial distribution pattern of the forest fires was analyzed by using the statistic analysis and GIS spatial analysis methods. Results indicated that annual forest fires varied significantly from 1986 to 2006, but the general trend was gradually declining. Beijing forest fires were mainly occurred in the spring. The daily pattern of the forest fires roughly exhibited a saddle-shape, and the two peaks respectively were at 11:00 and 14:00. The spatial distribution characteristics of the forest fires were obvious: Most forest fire sites lay in the edge zone between the plain and the surrounding mountains. There was an irregular distribution of the forest fires in each district and county. The farther from the road, the less the forest fires occurred. However, in some small parts, there was no regular in the number of forest fires. In addition to woodland, grassland, arid land, rural residents and other areas surrounding woodland were also places for fire ignitions to form forest fires. It is suggested that forest fire prevention education should be developed; forest fire prevention organizations should be further improved, the infrastructure and related work of fire prevention should be strengthened to improve the overall forest fire prevention capacity of our capital according to the pattern and the characteristics of the forest fires.

The rattan cane properties greatly depend on its anatomical structure and chemical components. This study showed that the chemical components of the cane core and cortex of Daemonorops margaritae rattan cane were very different. Compared with the cortex, the core had more extractive contents, more pentosan, stronger acidity, higher buffering capacity; but its holocellulose, lignin, ash contents and pH value were lower. As for the main components of polysaccharide, the cane core had more five-carbon monosaccharides, such as arabinose and xylose, and less six-carbon monosaccharides such as mannose, galactose, glucose, and less absolute total content of polysaccharide. These indicated that the cane core had more hygroscopic groups, hemicellulose and acid materials, less cellulose, lignin and ash contents. The cane chemical components changed with the cane height. From the base up to the top of the cane, its extractive contents and acidity decreased; its pentosan contents increased; and its holocellulose, lignin and ash contents increased slightly. The hemicellulose of the rattan cane mainly consisted of polyxylose. Compared with normal timber, bamboo wood and other rattan canes, the cane of D. margaritae had more extractives, less cellulose, stronger acidity and bigger buffering capacity, which indicated less advantages of utilization in pulping and paper making.

Rice hull particle-cement composites（RHPC）were prepared from rice hull particles treated with the synthesized carboxymethylcellulose methyl methacrylate（CMC-g-PMMA）.The density, flexural property, surface topography, acoustics property, thermal insulation and fire retardant property of the RHPC composites were characterized. Results indicated that the samples made from CMC-g-PMMA modified rice hull particles had higher flexural strength and flexural modulus. When the content of rice hull particles was 20% and the content of CMC-g-PMMA was 1%, the value of flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites changed respectively to 2.27 times and 2.71 times of the value of the sample contained 20% rice hull particles only. The acoustic absorptivity of the samples rose with increasing rice hull particles content when the testing frequency was below 2 000 Hz. The acoustic absorptivity of the samples with 40% rice hull particles was 0.67 at 1 000 Hz. RHPC composites are incombustible and well thermal insulated.

The starch adhesive modified with melamine, urea and formaldehyde is prepared and studied in this paper, based on the theory of cross-linking reaction and copolymerization. The impact of melamine, urea and formaldehyde on the performances of dry bond strength and wet bond strength is expounded by a series of experiments. At last, the structural performance of the modified cornstarch adhesive is elucidated with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

The forest tourism product evaluation theory, which is an essential part in the tourism product development theory, provides crucial knowledge to reduce the blindness and increase the success probability of developing forest tourism products. The paper deeply analyzed the problem and built a synthetic evaluating model. First, the paper analyzed the factors of affecting forest park tourism products by means of economic and tourism theory, built indexes system of evaluating the suitability of forest park tourism products, obtained the weight of every index by using Analyses of Hierarchical Process (AHP), and elucidated the score principle of final hierarchy indexes. Based on these analyses, a synthetic model of evaluating suitability of forest park tourism product was established. The indexes system was composed of four hierarchies. B hierarchy included product's competitiveness, market demand level, developing performance, product developing capability and external relationship. C,D hierarchy included twenty-six factors. In the end, the paper had evaluated the suitability of what the Fuzhou forest park would develop a climbing mountain tourism product. The evaluating outcome showed that the climbing mountain tourism product would be very suitable to develop in Fuzhou forest park, and the outcome was consistent with the actual outcome, which validated the rationality of the evaluation model.

This paper provided an overview of the ongoing collective tenure reform in China. Based on existing literature and spot surveys, we reviewed progress of the reform, analyzed motivation behind the reform, described changes in forest management models and analyzed performance of the reform to date. In the end we discussed several issues related to forest resource management system in the context of forest tenure reform.

This study investigated daily and seasonal changes in sap flow rates of individual trees and their relationships to environmental factors in a 18-year-old Chinese Fir plantation, with an ICT2000TE automatic system (TDP30 probe) from December 2005 to November 2006. A single peak pattern was observed for the daily changes in sap flow rates of individual Chinese Fir tree in fine and overcast days with the peak time occurring at 12:30, while no significant variation and no regular change pattern of sap flow rate were found in rainy days. The daily sap flow was (0.32±0.26), (3.22±2.94), (7.31±3.95) and (2.18±1.10) kg·d^-1 in winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. For monthly sap flow volume, January was the lowest of 9.21 kg and June the highest of 277.28 kg. The total annual sap flow value was 1 206.89 kg. The relationship between sap flow rate and environmental factors varied with temporal scales. The major factors that affected stem sap flow at less hour scale were solar radiation and air temperature, but on daily scale air temperature, soil water content and solar radiation were the major influencing factors, and on monthly scale air temperature and air relative humidity were the major influencing factors.

The landscape spatial feature, greenbelt landscape spatial feature and the grades and distribution of the patches in Shugang-Slender West Lake Scenic Spot were investigated by using geographic information system (GIS) with Quick bird image data. The results indicated: 1) The proportion of the horniness landscape area was large, and the usage of the land should be adjusted. 2) There were 2 979 patches of green-land in the research area. The area of these patches took up 6 528 227.0 m² and accounted for 53.36% of the total in the research area. The small patches (<500 m² in area) were more than the medium-large size patches and large size patches (>3 000 m² in area) while the latter ones had larger total area. 3) The green-land landscape diversity index was 0.559 5, evenness was 0.424 9, dominance was 0.394 8, contagion was 0.523 1, fragmentation was 0.456 0, green corridor density was 0.825 0 and fractal dimension was 1.148 1. 4) The distribution of the landscape was uneven, and diversity was not rich.

Impacts of afforestation on land use change at Xinglongzhao area were analyzed by using 3S techniques based on remote sense data in 1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005. The results showed that fixed sand dune area decreased by 39 545.77 hm²(from 45 789.74 hm² to 6 243.97 hm²) from 1975 to 2005, and the annual change rate of area ratio was -2.9%. Woodland and cropland increased obviously, and woodland alone increased by 30 025.56　hm², with the annual rate 1　117.52%. Rest types of land use did not change obviously. The land use change was characterized by the shifts from the mobile dune to the semi-fixed dune or the fixed dune, from the semi-fixed dune to the fixed dune, and from the fixed dune to the woodland and cropland. Landscape indices such as Shannon diversity, Shannon evenness, and connectance indices decreased, while the patch density increased. This study indicated that the afforestation resulted in a decrease in the landscape heterogeneity and an increase in the landscape fragmentation.

The tender buds of Phyllodoce caerulea were used as explants for this experiment. The most suitable culture media were screened for shoots regeneration directly from bases of the tender buds, rooting and germplasm preservation in vitro with a uniform design. The results showed that DR+TDZ4.00 mg·L^-1was the most suitable for shoots regeneration, and the rate of regeneration was more than 98.5%. MS(modified)+IBA0.05 mg·L^-1+NAA0.01 mg·L^-1+KT0.10 mg·L^-1was the most suitable for rooting, and the rate of rooting was more than 97.8%. N-68+B₉2.30 mg·L^-1+ phloridzin 1.50 mg·L^-1was the most suitable for preservation in vitro for 42 months. Stems each with one node were cut from the regenerated shoots and cultured for propagation, and a 35-fold proliferation rate was achieved within 40 days. The method of “deferring growth with dwarfing” was utilized for germplasm preservation in vitro at normal temperature. In vitro culture and germplasm preservation in vitro system of Phyllodoce caerulea had been successfully established.

Dry seeds of Populus ussuriensis collected from Heilongjiang area were carried by the recoverable satellite for mutagenesis. Then the growth traits and antioxidant enzymes activities of seedlings from the spaceflight-treated seeds and controls were analyzed. The results showed that the growth traits of the seedlings after spaceflight varied to some degree, but most of the variation was not remarkable. There were no significant changes in soluble protein content，malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in seedlings with response to spaceflight treatment. However，activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in the poplar seedlings after spaceflight were significantly higher than those from the ground control. It suggested that space condition altered the poplar traits in some degree，and the higher antioxidant enzymes might failitate themselves to avoid some damage from active oxygen.

The response of two secondary provenances of Jatropha curcas originated respectively from Hainan Province and Guizhou Province to heat stress treatments was investigated. The capacity of scavenging organic free radical of DPPH· in both secondary provenances firstly increased and then decreased with increasing temperature, and presented one peak pattern. The peak value was at 30 ℃ in Guizhou secondary provenance and at 35 ℃ in Hainan secondary provenance, respectively. Antioxidative ability in Hainan secondary provenance was significantly higher than that in Guizhou secondary provenance under high temperature treatment (>35 ℃). The maximal photosynthetic evolution of oxygen was at 40 ℃ in Hainan secondary provenance, whereas 35 ℃ in Guizhou secondary provenance. There was little change in the maximal primary photochemical quantum efficiency （F_v/F_m）of the PSⅡ, however the non-circle PSⅡquantum efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ) and the photochemical quenching (q_P) of Hainan were obvious higher than those of Guizhou secondary provenance. The nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of Hainan displayed more tolerance to high temperature than that of Guizhou secondary provenance. F_o-temperature curves showed that the inflexion temperature (T_I) of Hainan and Guizhou secondary provenance was 52 ℃ and 50 ℃ respectively.The experiment results indicated that Hainan secondary provenance of J. Curcas was able to maintain relative higher function of photosynthetic apparatus because of its high antioxidative ability and more stability of membrane under high temperature condition. This would be one of possible reasons that Hainan secondary provenance displayed stronger resistance to high temperature than Guizhou secondary provenance.

Cupreous preparation and zincous preparation played a role in regulating root growth and development of Ginkgo biloba. The chemical root control preparations of Cu 100 g·L^-1，ZnCO3120，160 g·L^-1，Zn(AC)₂ 120，160 g·L^-1 and DK 1 g·L^-1 were able to inhibit the length of first classical latteral root, thereby they controled root growth. The first classical lateral roots treated with cupreous preparation and diquat preparation were shorter than that treated with zincious preparation, however the later produced seedlings with better quality. The length of first classical lateral root, the number of out-side roots with the diameter under 1　mm, and the number of root tips as diameter under 1　mm had linear correlations between them, thus the number of out-side roots could be a better index than the length of first classical lateral root for determining the effective of the root control.

Leptocybe invasa Fisher et LaSalle, an invasive gall-making wasp on trees of Eucalyptus spp., was newly found in Guangxi, China. In this paper its morphological characters were described. The pest formed galls on the twigs, midribs and leaf petioles of the host trees. Those caused deformation of twigs and leaves. It severely weakened and eventually stunted the growth of host tree. Currently the infestation rate in the Eucalyptus stands reached up to 100%, therefore, the pest would potentially threaten Eucalyptus plantations in South China.

This study investigated the insect community diversity in coniferous mixed forest，leguminous mixed forest，native species mixed forest and pine forest of subtropical hilly land in Heshan，Guangdong Province. The results showed that the richness index (S)，diversity index (H′ )，probability of interspecific encounter (PIE) and evenness index (J′ ) of insect communities in four artificial forests of Heshan hilly land were relative higher. The result reflected that the structures of insect communities in these forests were complex，relatively stable and the plants in this ecosystem were diverse. These results also demonstrated that the degraded ecosystem in this region had been restored to some extent. The indexes of insect communities in four forest forms were significantly different. The insect communities in leguminous broad-leaved mixed forest and native species mixed forest were more complicated and sable than that of pine forest and coniferous mixed forest. Therefore, leguminous broad-leaved mixed forest and native species mixed forest are much better than pine forest and coniferous mixed forest for restoration of low subtropical degraded ecosystem in Heshan.

copper fiber； urea formaldehyde resin； conductive sheet； percolation threshold effect； three-dimensional conductive network

This paper introduces the development of wood drying expert system in the wood drying. As well as an analysis about the traditional wood drying expert system the development had been given，explored the advantages and the application prospect of Web-based expert system technology in the wood drying.

‘Lulin-2' is a female hybrid selected from a breeding population which was obtained from controlled pollination between I-72 (Populus × euramericana cv. ‘San martino') and PE-3-71（Populus deltoides cv. ‘PE-3-71'） after field test at seedling stage and regional planting test in cultivation area. It is a quality variety with traits of easy propagation, fast growth rate, resistance to disease & pest and other adverse conditions. Its wood property is suitable for industrial purpose, especially for pulpwood.