Ginkgo biloba is a traditional economic tree species in China, and it is often cultivated by using agroforestry pattern. In order to understand the effects of different agroforestry patterns of G. biloba on soil fertility, three agroforestry patterns were selected, including G. biloba +Wheat+Soybean (G+W+S), G. biloba+Mulberry (G+M) and G. biloba+Rape+Soybean (G+R+S), and as CK, another two planting patterns were also selected, including Mulberry (M) and Rape+Soybean (R+S). The soil chemical properties of the five patterns were determined after three years, and the soil fertility of five patterns was also evaluated by using improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result showed that the pH, organic matter, total N, hydrolyze N, available P, total K and available K of the soil of the five patterns were different remarkably, and these parameters at different soil layers were also different remarkably. The total N, total P, organic matter, available P and available K of soil of five patterns decreased with increasing soil depth, however, the pH increased. The organic matter, total N, hydrolyze N, available P and available K of soil in R+S were the lowest among five patterns. The result of comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility showed that the soil fertility of the five patterns were different significantly, and the values of soil fertility quality indicators (FI) of five patterns were G+W(0.973)＞G+W+S(0.424)＞M(0.388)＞G+R+S (0.255)＞R+S (0.233). Therefore, Ginkgo agroforestry could improve soil fertility.

An in situ experiment was conducted in a Neosinocalamus affinis plantation in rainy area of western China to study nutrient release of leaf litter in response to simulated nitrogen deposition. Four treatments were set, i.e., null N level (CK, 0 kg·hm^-2a^-1), low N level (LN, 50 kg·hm^-2a^-1), moderate N level (MN, 150 kg·hm^-2a^-1) and high N level (HN, 300 kg·hm^-2a^-1). The results showed as follows: Different elements showed different trends in the whole process: The concentrations of C, P and Mg decreased with N increasing; the N initially decreased, then increased, and finally decreased; the K showed a curve which first increased, then decreased, and increased again at the end; the Ca increased at the beginning and then decreased. The characteristics of nutrient release patterns were as the following: K accumulated at early stage and released later; C, P, Ca and Mg released all through the process; N showed a curve of leaching-accumulation-releasing in CK treatment while it was directly releasing in LN, MN, HN. N deposition exerted a positive effect on the release of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg with the highest release rate in MN. It suggests that it might take 2.019-2.853 years to decompose 95% of N element. During the process of leaf litter decomposing under N deposition, the C/N ratios showed a up-down trend. On the whole, C/N ratios decreased at the first 2 months, and then increased.

The caloric values were used to study the Pinus koraiensis population in broad-leaved Korean Pine forests in Changbai Mountain. The results suggested that various organs of Pinus koraiensis were considerably different in caloric values. The caloric values of old branches, one-or-two-year branches, old leaves and one-or-two-year leaves differed greatly from that of barks, root stumpages, stems and lateral roots (P<0.05). The caloric values of old branches and one-or-two-year branches differed significantly from that of lateral roots (P<0.01). Analysis on the average caloric value of whole plant showed a rank of branch>leaf>bark>stem>root. Caloric values of old branches and leaves were higher than that of one-or-two-year branches and leaves. The caloric value of root stumpages was higher than that of lateral roots. Caloric values varied significantly with tree diameter class and a wave-shaped distribution was found as increased in diameter-class. Pinus koraiensis in different seasons differed in caloric values. A higher value was found in autumn than in spring. Caloric values of Pinus koraiensis in moss, spruce-fir, Pinus koraiensis forest on high altitude were higher than Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean Pine forests. The biggest difference was found in lateral roots, the margin being 3 471 J·g^-1, and the smallest difference was found in stem, the margin only 1 075 J·g^-1.

Temperate forests in northeastern China play a key role in the national and global carbon budgets. However, relatively few studies were conducted in biomass allometry of these species, although understory tree species (including tree-like plants and typical shrubs) accumulate a substantial amount of nutrients and carbon. In this study, allometric equations for the organ (leaf, branch and root) and total biomass of 16 understory tree species were developed, and allometry of the organ biomass against plant size was analyzed. The result showed that 1) the forms and variables of optimal biomass equation varied with species and organs. The optimal equations for tree-like plants were power functions with diameter at 10 cm height (D₁₀) as the predictor. For typical shrubs, most of these equations were also power functions using crown area (CA) or crown area multiplying height (CAH) as predictors while the left few species fitted the other functions such as linear and quadratic polynomial equations. Generalized models regardless of species could be used to estimate biomass when the species-specific models were unavailable. 2) Models using plant height (H) or stem length (L) as independent variables in the biomass equations only improved the fit for most of the typical shrubs but not for the tree-like plants. Percentage increase in determination coefficients (R²) with adding L in the allometric equations was smaller than that with adding H. 3) The relationship between biomass of the understory with the plant size complied with allometric theory (P<0.05), but the power varied. For tree-like plants, power exponents of biomass components against D₁₀ varied from 1.712 to 2.555, and old branch biomass, branch biomass, large root biomass belowground biomass and total biomass nearly scaled as 8/3 power of D10. For typical shrubs, the ranges of power exponents scaling with CA and CAH were 0.688－1.293 and 0.527－1.017, respectively. In the contrast, foliage biomass, new branch biomass, large root biomass, belowground biomass and total biomass scaling with CA, and old branch biomass, branch biomass and aboveground biomass scaling CAH were both isometry.

The dynamic relationship between species biodiversity and biomass accumulation was studied in a mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyishan Mountain. A 9 600 m² and 400 m² plots were established in a Castanopsis eyrei Forest. The results were as follows: Though biomass was increasing with progress of succession in the 9 600 m² plot, arbor layer, undergrowth and overall community showed a downward trend in species richness. The individual number declined in the whole community, however, it first increased then decreased in arbor layer and first decreased then increased in undergrowth, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index of whole community and arbor layer diversity showed a significant decrease, whereas the index first decreased then increased in undergrowth. Evenness index of arbor layer, undergrowth and whole community all first decreased then increased. At the same time, these indexes varies with the time course in 400 m² plots. Shannon-Wiener index and species richness decreased, this decrease mainly reflected substantial decline in undergrowth from 2001 to 2004; however, there was a downward trend in tree layer from 2004 to 2007. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between biodiversity index and standing tree biomass (P>0.05). In summery, the extent to which the biodiversity affected ecosystem functions was obvious differences in different temporal and spatial scales.

This article investigated diurnal variations of pollen dispersal and the relationship with microclimate factors during the flowering period of Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana and Ailanthus altissima. Pollen concentrations of the three species were monitored at 10 m away from trunk of the sampling tree and 1.5 m high above ground of hard ground surfaces. Results showed that: 1) Diurnal variations of pollen dispersal among three species had similar double-peak curves which presented at 14:00 and 20:00 on hard ground surface. 2) There was a significant relationship between pollen concentration and air temperature, air relative humidity, ground temperature，light intensity. 3) The ground temperature played a crucial role in the diurnal variations of pollen concentration and might be a decisive factor for the emergence of the second peak of pollen concentration. The heat stored in hard ground during the day would be slowly released at night, which could promote the air convection and hence be the main reason for the second peak of pollen concentration at 20:00. Compared with the soft ground, the airborne allergenic pollen showed much more harmful in the air near hard ground. In addition, tree species selection, urban surface condition, and timing for outdoor sports and activities were suggested.

The genetic variation of growth traits of 119 Larix kaempferi families including 1 962 individuals from 5 open-pollinated progeny test forests were analyzed to select the second generation elite trees for the second generation orchard in northern sub-tropical alpine region of Hubei Province. The results showed there was significant difference in growth traits among different families. Individual and family heritability of DBH, height and volume ranged from 0.18 to 0.73, 0.17 to 0.59, 0.19 to 0.78, and 0.34 to 0.80, 0.42 to 0.79, 0.18 to 0.81, respectively. Individual heritability of the three traits usually was lower than their family heritability. Individual breeding values were predicted by using the best linear prediction approach. Comparison between combined selection and family/within-family selection showed that the second generation elite tree populations that were established by combined selection had a higher genetic diversity than that established by family/within-family selection, but the two selection methods got nearly common expected genetic gains. In terms integration of high genetic gain and genetic diversity, elite trees chosen by combined selection were more suitable to establish the advanced-generation seed orchard. As a result, total 137 individuals derived from 49 different families were selected as the second generation elite trees by combined selection; and the expected genetic gains of 5 progeny test stands were 26%,98.3%,42.9%,24% and 56.4%, respectively.

The characteristics of vessel elements of secondary xylem in shoots of staminate and pistillate plants of Fraxinus pennsylvanica were studied by isolation method and micrography. The results indicated that there were various patterns of vessel elements in F. pennsylvanica. The vessel elements in shoots of the staminate plants were longer and wider with scalariform-reticulated and simple perforation than that of the pistillate plants. These characteristics provided a powerful guarantee for vigorous water need during the growth season of the staminate plants. The knowledge of these differences of vessel elements between the staminate and the pistillate plants laid both theoretical and practical foundation for further research on sex identification of this tree species.

The appearance of variedness and biological characteristics of three variegated sport varieties and their mother plant of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum ‘Mizhi Meihong’ were compared with virological identification, anatomy of blade, content of pigments and photosynthetic traits. The leaf extracts from the plants were used to inoculate Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum, L. chinense var. rubrum. The results showed that the inoculated plants grew well, and did not exhibit any virus symptom. No viral granule was detected by TEM. The bud sport varieties were able to maintain their trait of variegated color by cutting propagation, and they had higher resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and were suitable to growing in field in Hunan Province. There was remarkable difference in thickness of leaves, upper epidermis and lower epidermis among 4 plant specimens. The contents of carotenoid and anthocyanin of variegated sport leaves were distinct dissimilar among 3 sport varieties, and the net photosynthetic rates were higher than their mother plants. The sport varieties had significant distinct flower colors as well as leaf colors from their mother plant. The varieties were elite germ plasm resource for breeding of L. chinense var. rubrum. Especially, the No.2 sport variety could be a prospective commercial product.

Fourteen kinds of light-medium were produced using the pearlite, sawdust, peat soil and corn shell as material with the simplex centroid mixture design. The growth (height, basal diameter, leaf number and biomass) and leaf physiological characteristics of the container seedlings were investigated to estimate the effect of the 14 media on Ficus concinna var. subsessilis, with a traditional medium served as the control. The results showed that the 14 media significantly influenced the growth and leaf physiological characteristics of the container seedlings. The growth of the seedlings in media No.5, 6 and 8 were significantly better than that in the traditional medium. However, the seedling growth in media No.3, 12 and 14 was opposite. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of the container seedlings in media No.5, 6 and 8 were significantly higher than the control, while the carotenoid, P_n and non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence of the ones in media No.3, 12 and 14 were significantly lower than the control. Moreover, the production rate of O₂^－· of the seedlings in media No.3, 12 and 14 were significantly higher than the control. The decreased photosynthetic capacities were considered as a result of the deficiency of photosynthetic pigments and declined activity of photosynthetic apparatus. The excess excitation energies were not be safely dissipated by non-radiative energies, and induced the overproduction of O₂^－·, which caused membrane lipid peroxidation and damage of photosynthetic apparatus, and reduced the photosynthetic capacities of the seedlings. The analyses of the growth and leaf physiological characteristics of the container seedlings suggested that the media No.5, 6 and 8 are better light-medium than the other ones as the container nursery of F. concinna var. subsessilis.

The changes in growth，physiological and biochemical indexes of 1-year-old Sambucus coreana and Acer ginnala seedlings under different NaHCO₃ stress intensities (CK，1.0，2.0，4.0 g NaHCO₃·kg^-1 media) were tested. The two species able to adapt to the stress of low concentrations of NaHCO₃，while the growth was dramatically inhibited under moderate and high concentrations of NaHCO₃. The livability of Sambucus coreana were 100%，90% and 65% respectively，in the low moderate and high treatments, and that of Acer ginnala was 100%，75% and 55% respectively. There were remarkable intense and duration effects of the salt stress on physiogical indexes of the two species. By the increasing of stress concentration and duration of the stress time，the content of MDA and the relative osmosis of cell membrane significantly increased，and the contents of ASA and GSH also increased，and proline and soluble sugar contents were massively accumulated. Compared to the control，the content of GSH in Sambucus coreana under mild，moderate and severe stresses increased by 68.5%，54.5% and 90.4% at middle stress stage，while that of Acer ginnala increased by 87.9%，124.9% and 96.9% at long-time stress stage，respectively. Compared to the control，the contents of soluble sugar of Sambucus coreana and Acer ginnala at later stress stage increased by 46.7%，38.3%，51.9% and 15.6%，31.8%，22.7%，respectively, under mild, moderate and severe stress. The results suggested that Sambucus coreana and Acer ginnala had tolerance to lower salt stress and could bear the soil environment with 1 g·kg^-1 NaHCO₃. Sambucus coreana had stronger tolerance against carbonate stress than Acer ginnala.

This paper employed several research techniques, including micronucleus technology, TBA reaction method, conductivity meter method, NBT reduction and guaiacol method, to investigate changes in physiological parameters related to chromosome damage of Pinus massoniana under lead stress and analyzed the correlations between the traits. The results showed that: 1) Different concentration leads significantly affected micronucleus rate of P. massoniana compared with the untreated control by t test. 2) With increasing concentration of lead, micronucleus rate, MDA, cell injury, SOD and POD activities gradually increased. The treatment with 2 000 mg·L^-1 lead, brought about the highest MDA content, cell injury, SOD and POD activities, and over the concentration of lead, MDA content, cell injury, SOD and POD activities began to decline with gradually increasing lead concentration, suggesting that the antioxidant enzyme systems had limited capacity in protecting the plants from Pb²⁺ toxicity. 3) Regression analyses showed that correlation between lead concentrations and the micronucleus rate fitted a Cubic model; correlations between micronucleus rate and degree of damage, between micronucleus rate and MDA, between MDA and the degree of damage, between MDA and POD took a S model; and MDA and SOD, SOD and POD regressions with an Inverse model best predicted changes in each other.The relationships were significantly or very significantly correlated.

The photosynthesis，transpiration and stomatal conductance of Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla was studied under different seasons in Lancang，Yunnan Province with Li-6400. Result showed that LSP of E.grandis×E.urophylla was 1 590 μmol photon·m^-2 s^-1 in rainfall season，and decreased to 867 μmol photon·m^-2 s^-1 in dry season. Seasonal drought enhanced stomatal limitation to both photosynthesis and transpiration. E.grandis×E.urophylla had similar change patterns of stomatal conductance and transpiration in response to irradiation intensity as native species Schima wallichii in dry season，but the photosynthesis was much higher than Schima wallichii. E.grandis×E.urophylla could adapt different water conditions in different seasons as native species.

The oil content and fatty acid composition of the fruits of 70 introduced olive cultivars in Kaijiang County, Guangyuan city and Xichang city of Sichuan Province were measured, and the correlation between the meteorological factors and the oil content and fatty acid composition were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the average fresh fruit oil content of all introduced olive cultivars in Xichang, Kaijiang and Guangyuan was 15.73%～23.75%, and 12.44%～23.37% and 10.62%～21.97%, respectively. The oil content in Xichang was similar with that in Mediterranean Sea, while the content in Kaijiang and Guangyuan was lower than that in Mediterranean Sea. The olive oil fatty acid was mainly composed of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitoleic acid accounting for 99% of total fat. There was slightly lower average content of saturated fatty acids in Xichang (16.59%) than in Kaijiang (17.27%) and Guangyuan (17.09%), but its unsaturated fatty acids (83.06%) were slightly higher than in Kaijiang (81.97%) and Guangyuan (82.87%). Based on the oil content of fruits and fatty acid composition, the 23 olive cultivars with higher oil quality in Kaijiang, and 10 in Guangyuan and 5 in Xichang were selected by using the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. There was positive correlation between the oil content of olive fruit and annual average temperature, average temperature in January, accumulative temperature over 10 ℃ and annual sunlight time in the Leccino and Frantouo cultivar, but negative correlation between the oil content and average temperature in July, annual average relative humidity, and annual average precipitation. Annual average temperature and Accumulative temperature over 10 ℃ mainly affected the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids. Average temperature in January, average temperature in July and annual average relative humidity had a positive effect on the content of saturated fatty acids, but annual sunlight time showed a negative effect.

The relationship between the host resistance and dynamic changes of superoxide anion (O₂^－·), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chitinase was analyzed in the interaction between poplar species or varieties (Populus deltoides, P. szechuanica, Populus×euramericana cv.‘Guarieto’ , Populus×euramericana cv.‘Polska 15 A’ , Populus deltoides× P. nigra) and Melampsora larici-populina (MLP) isolates (Gl₀₅₂, Sb₀₅₂). The results showed that the host ROS metabolism and the changes of the resistance-related enzymes were significantly different in the interaction between different poplars and different MLP isolates. The rate of O^－·₂ production and content of H₂O₂ in the host of immune, resistance species and varieties quickly increased on the highest level respectively at 0.5 day and 1day after inoculation, and appeared 1～2 peaks thereafter, but the ROS of the susceptible varieties lightly increased through the process. The activities of SOD and POD were negatively correlated with the poplar resistance. PAL activity increased rapidly and infensively in 2 day in the host of immune and high resistance poplars, while it did not obviously change in the susceptible one after inoculation. The chitinase activity was positively correlated with poplar resistance.

Composition and relative contents of volatiles from different tissues of Pinus koraiensis at different stages after infested by Dioryctria pryeri by using TCT-GC/MS technique and olfactory response of larvae to the volatiles were further analyzed. The result showed that there were differences in volatile composition and contents from the pine cones infested by D. pryeri and the other different tissues infested by the pest larvae in overwinter at different infesting stages. Olfactory response of overwinter larvae indicated that the simulated overwinter larvae obviously prefered alcohol solution with standard sample of main volatile components from healthy cones, healthy branches and needles to alcohol solvent; and the larvae had an obvious orientation to healthy cones compared with the branches and needles. In addition, they had an orientation to alcohol solution with α-pinene, limonene, α-pinene+β-pinene compared with standard sample of main volatile components from healthy cones of Pinus koraiensis, among which α-pinene had the strongest attract ability.

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is different from B. xylophilus in pathogenicity and distribution. Whether the two species can be crossed and what is different in pathogenicity between the likely offspring and the parents are important information for taxonomy, epidemic, and control of the disease. The hybridization was conducted between 5 isolates of B. xylophilus from different countries and one isolate of B.mucronatus from China. The results showed that all nematode isolates of B. xylophilus were successfully crossed with the isolate of B. mucronatus and the rate of hybridization was relfative high, but parts of the hybrid offspring were not able to survive. The hybrid offspring and their parents were inoculated in pines of two-year-old Pinus massoniana. The results also showed that the pathogenicity of hybrid offspring was weaker than their parent nematodes, and the numbers of offspring nematodes reisolated from pines were significantly less than their parents.

Genetic diversity，genetic differentiation and factors affected of invasive fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) populations in China were investigated using micro-satellite technology. DNA extracted from 300 individuals were amplified using 10 SSR primers. The percentage of polymorphic loci showed that the order in the five populations was Cangzhou population，Yantai population，Qinhuangdao population，Dandong population，Shijiazhuang population. The genetic differentiation of fall webworm： 34.38%variation derived from different populations，65.62% of the variation existed within the same population，the genetic distances ranged from 0.138 6 to 0.322 4. The result of UPGMA clustering showed that population differentiation closely related to the time of differentiation and the sources of invasion. The major factors affecting the genetic diversity of fall webworm populations were longitude，the ratio of plain，annual precipitation，latitude，the invasion of time. The formation of genetic structure was correlated with characteristics of the life cycle and invasion ecology.

To efficiently use lipid of resource insects, petroleum ether was used as impregnant to extract lipid from Tenebrio molitor. Aiming at optimization of the extraction of T. molitor lipid, one-factor tests was firstly used respectively to test temperature, duration and solvent/material ratio effect. And then on the basis of previous results and according to the Box Benhnken test design principles, the model of response surface methodology(RSM) with 3 factors and 3 levels was adopted. Response surface and contour were finally graphed with the extraction rate of T. molitor lipid as the response value. The results showed that the optimum conditions of T. molitor lipid extraction were: extraction temperature: 87.9 ℃, extraction time: 10.1 h, extraction ratio of material to solvent: 2∶50. The real extraction rate of T. molitor lipid under these conditions was up to 31.51%, and it was 2.34% higher than the best result of one-factor tests. Technigues of lipid extraction were improved by response surface methodology, the extraction rate was higher. The result suggest that the new method is effective and economical.

Aimed to improve the classification accuracy of SPOT5 imagery, image segmentation, object feature extraction and selection, multi-classifiers and combination had been studied in this paper. A systemic approach to do classification of imagery was present. The proposed method is a five-step object-oriented classification routine that involves the integration of: imagery segmentation with larger scale, rule-based classification, classification-based segmenting, hierarchical classification under sub-region control and topper layer synthesizing. Five classifiers were employed to the classification, included minimum distance classifier, Mahalanobis distance classifier, Bayes rule classifier, Fuzzy classifier and support vector machine. The result indicated that in the study area with the fragmentized distribution of forest, species and type diversity, complex structure, using the Bayes classifier, the total accuracies of the third level, the second level and the first level were 79.38%, 81.82% and 86.98% respectively, where the third level contained twenty-two categories based on age-group of trees, the second level contained fifteen categories based on species, and the first level included nine categories based on species groups. With hierarchical classification, the result of upward synthesizing from lower levels to upper level was better than that classified from top levels to lower levels. Used as ancillary data, Landsat 7 ETM+ data were helpful to improve the classification accuracy of SPOT5 imagery. However, they could only be used to extract object features and couldn’t be involved in segmentation, as they would reduce the homogeneity and increase the heterogeneities of objects, and then affect the classification accuracy.

The (-)-(4R,10R,9S,5R)-7,13-abietadien-18-oic acid with 99.15% high purity was prepared in 74.2% yield by a isomerization, crystallization separation method with the acid as catalyst. Its structure was determined by MS, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, IR spectral methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The data of abietic acid by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was in accordance with that having obtained from Pinus elliottii rosin and Pinus massoniana rosin directly. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P₂₁ and their absolute configuation from rearrangement are the same as natural abietic acid. In the crystal structure of abietic acid, the carboxyls of two abietic acid molecules generated hydrogen bonds, which is the main reason for high purity crystal.

Stress wave method was used to test forty Hankow Willow（Salix matsudana）roadside trees in Northeast Forestry University and two dimension images and wave velocity matrix of 120 slices of cross sections in sample trees were obtained and analyzed. According to these images, the inner structure of cross section in standing tree is divided into four categories: non-defect, heart rot, sapwood rot, heart rot and sapwood rot. Further analysis results showed that the radial propagation velocity in healthy standing trees was the fastest and the change of wave velocity from one sensor to other sensors clockwise exhibited a trend from initial increase to decrease. However, the inner decay of standing trees could cause the decrease of propagation velocity of stress wave, and the analysis also showed that the curve of wave velocity change would not be a trend from initial increase to decrease but change into a flat curve in standing trees with heart rot. Thus, it was potential to assess inner decay of standing trees depending on the change of wave velocity. Additionally, it could identify the area and positions of decay of stress wave detection, and could evaluate the stability of Hankow Willow roadside trees according to t/R value of cross sections.

Chinese folk musical instruments are the treasure of Chinese traditional culture, and they are playing an increasingly important role in peoples spiritual life. Wood is an important material for making the resonance component of Chinese folk musical instruments. On the base of introducing simply of research fields of Chinese folk musical instruments, the main researches about the resonant woods vibration properties, material selection and manufacturing process were discussed in detail. And the researches and evaluation methods of acoustical properties of wood using for soundboard of the piano as a representative of the Western musical instrument were described simply. According to analyzing about the study shortcomings of the wood acoustical properties using for Chinese folk musical instruments and practical problems in production, the future development trend was discussed. The following aspects should be studied in the future: the relationship between wood’s acoustical properties and musical instruments tone and quality will be researched, and objective methods of material selection will be established, the four-stage from the raw material, resonant wooden piece as an independent component and finished instruments to the product of musical instrument will be studied systematically, and the acoustical vibration model of resonant wooden piece will be established, the functional modified method of resonant wood used for folk musical instruments will be further discussed and explored.

Contents of sugar, mineral elements, protein, amino acids, and fatty acid in fruits and leaves of Malus toringoides and Malus transitoria cultivars growing in Luhuo area of Sichuan, China were measured. The results showed that the fruits and leaves of the two alpine crabapples contain abundant nutritional materials. In fruits of the species the total sugar contents were 19.045% and 19.163% respectively; the vitamin C contents were 2.433 mg·kg^-1 and 2.133 mg·kg^-1 respectively; the Vitamin B₂ contents were 3.00 mg·kg^-1 and 2.30 mg·kg^-1 respectively; the protein contents were 1.171% and 1.252% respectively; the content of 17 amino acid were ranged 0.03%～0.50% and 0.03%～0.45% respectively. The fruits contained complete mineral elements. There was significant difference in contents of Mn, Asp and Cys in fruits between the two species. The index of unsaturated fatty acid in fruits of M. toringoides was higher than that of M. transitoria. In leaves of Malus toringoides and Malus transitoria the polysaccharide contents were 21.664% and 21.166% respectively; the vitamin C contents were 2 574.000 mg·kg^-1 and 2 381.090 mg·kg^-1 respectively; the protein contents were 25.160% and 27.500% respectively; the contents of N，Ca，Cu，Fe，K，Mg，Mn，Na，P，S，Z and Se were relatively high and there were significant differences in 6 kinds of elements between the two species. There was significant difference in contents of disaccharide and glucose in leaves between the two species. The index of unsaturated fatty acid in leaves of M. toringoides was higher than M. transitoria.

Mature zygotic embryos of Picea likiangensis were used as explants to investigate effects of explant genotype, basic media and plant growth regulators on the somatic embryogenesis. The optimal media for the somatic embryogenesis at four stages were screened out: 1) P₆+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+1.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D was optimal medium for initiating somatic callus; 2) P₆+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D was optimal medium for maintaining and proliferation; 3) P₆+20 mg·L^-1 ABA was optimal medium for mature somatic embryos; 4) P₆+5 g·L^-1 activated charcoal+5 g·L^-1 sugar was optimal medium for germination.

The natural enemy arthropods are applied to control pest insects, which improve the integrated pest management in jujube yard. The spatio-temporal structure and dominance of natural enemy arthropod in jujube yard were systematically studied by a survey method. According to the survey data, there were 1 648 natural enemy arthropod, including 1 331 samples on the ground surface and 317 samples on the trees. The natural enemy arthropods belonged to 2 classes, 10 orders, 52 families and were divided into four subcommunities, that is predacious insects, parasitic insects, predacious spiders and predacious mites. In different month, there was different dominance index of natural enemy arthropods between on the ground surface and on the trees. Then, the correlation of primary and secondary effect of cumulative dominance index was analyzed by the Pareto Charts method. Their status and function of ecological control were compared and estimated to determine when subcommunities of natural enemy arthropod were controlling the pest insects. Predacious arthropods，especially Coccinellidae， had primary effect for controlling pest insects on the ground surface. Both parasitic insects and predacious arthropods，such as Pteromalidae, Ichneumonidae, Chrysopidae, Araneidae, had primary effect on pests on the trees.

In order to solve the problem of low positioning accuracy and the backward of the method of recording data in current forest resource continuous inventory process, by highly integrating remote sensing, GIS, GPS and modern communication technology, a mobile GIS system is researched specially using for field forest resource continuous inventory. The article introduce the whole composing and function, the core technologies and their realization, and the application status around country. The research results will be very important to mending the mode of forest resource continuous inventory, and improving on the precision and efficiency of inventory.

‘Yongjin’ is the variety of Cinnamomum camphora, the leaves and flowers are golden yellow, shoots are bright yellow, and turn to light red after semi-lignified, then become cardinal red. Peel of young fruit is light yellow, pedicel and fruit carpopodium are yellow. The leaves and flowers of the variety are vivid, trunks and branches are dazzling, color-changing with seasonal aspect. The variety can be used in gardens, courtyards, streets and ‘Four Sides’, with high ornamental value and application prospect.

The new clone of Eucommia ulmoides ‘Huazhong No.6’ female plant was selected through selective breeding of superior tree, survey and evaluation of afforestation and regionalization trail. It had characteristics of strong adaptability and early fructification, high and stable yield with high gutta-percha content. It was optimal for establishment of Eucommia orchard for samara harvest and gutta-percha and linolenic acid producing.