树种多样性对森林生态系统多功能性和韧性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260001

Abstract

Abstract:

Forest biodiversity plays a pivotal role in regulating ecological functions and critical ecosystem services, while exacerbating climate change is jeopardizing forest biodiversity, health and stability. To tackle climate change and protect biodiversity, it is particularly important to enhance the multifunctionality, sustainability, and resilience of forest ecosystems. Tree species diversity, as a core issue of forest ecosystem management, directly contributes to shaping forest multifunctionality, stability and resilience, which has become a research hotspot and frontier of forest ecology worldwide. In view of complexity of forest ecosystem (e.g., diverse forest types, complex stand structure and spatiotemporal dynamics in response to environmental disturbances), our understanding of the mechanisms underlying effects of tree species diversity on ecosystem multifunctionality and resilience remains poorly understood. This article systematically synthesizes the key ecological principles illustrating how biodiversity influences ecosystem multifunctionality, including niche differentiation, resource partitioning, functional trait integration and trade-offs, complementarity and selection effects, as well as leverage effects and functional redundancy. This article reviews the research progress on tree species diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in recent years, covering the effects of tree species diversity on tree growth, stand productivity, root dynamics and exudates, soil organic carbon, soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and root-soil-microbe interactions. Additionally, how tree species diversity enhances ecosystem stability and resilience in response to droughts, pest outbreaks, and invasive species is also examined. Based on practical management practices, four synergistic silvicultural strategies are proposed to improve forest quality and multifunctionality, such as tree species selection and genetic diversity optimization, mixed-species reforestation and functional trait-based species assemblages, rotation period adjustment and soil fertility maintenance, and landscape-level multifunctional configuration. Finally, in perspective of the nature-based solutions for shaping synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation and biodiversity conservation as well, future research priorities and directions of tree diversity and multifunctionality of forest ecosystems are looked forward, which will provide theoretical basis and practical guidelines for navigating sustainable forest management, particularly for plantation forests.

Key words: forest ecosystem, tree diversity, multifunctionality, resilience, functional traits, forest quality, plantation forests, climate change

CLC Number:

S718.55

Shirong Liu,Yuanqi Chen,Xiuqing Nie,Angang Ming,Hui Wang. Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Multifunctionality and Resilience of Forest Ecosystems[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(1): 1-18.

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丰富度 Tree species richness	生长指标 Growth indices	效应（值） Effect (size)	解释机制 Explanation	研究地区 Study region	参考文献 References
1， 2， 3， 4， 5	生产力 Productivity	正效应 Positive effect	多营养级生物多样性 Multi-trophic biodiversity	亚热带 Subtropics	李茜等， 2023
1， 2， 4	木材蓄积量 Wood volume	+29%	增加群落结构复杂性 Enhanced structural complexity	温带 Temperate zone	Ray et al.， 2023
1， 2， 4， 8	木材蓄积量与年生物量生长速率Wood volume and annual biomass growth rates	正效应 Positive effect	高多样性导致更强的邻体互作正效应 High diversity leads to stronger positive effects of neighboring interactions	亚热带 Subtropics	Yu et al.， 2024
1， 2， 4， 12	材积与茎干生物量 Volume and stem biomass	正效应 Positive effect	冠层空间互补 Crown complementarity	温带 Temperate zone	Williams et al.， 2017
1， 2， >2	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	+25.5%	种间互补性 Interspecific complementarity	全球 Global regions	Feng et al.， 2022
1， 2， >2	生物量Biomass	+15.2%	补偿效应与选择效应 Complementarity and selection effects	全球 Global regions	Chen et al.， 2025b

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Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Multifunctionality and Resilience of Forest Ecosystems

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