Table 1

Quantitative primer sequences for the PagTMK10 gene"

Table 2

Cloning primer sequences for PagTMK10"

Fig.1

84K poplar and Arabidopsis TMK gene family phylogenetic tree， protein conserved motif and protein domain"

Fig.2

qPCR detection results of the PagTMK10 gene in different tissues 1–3: Young stems， young leaves， and young roots；4–7: Terminal bud， mature stem， old root， and root tip；8–10: Phloem， cambium and xylem."

Fig.3

Staining of PagTMK10 and PagDR5 promoter-GUS transgenic plants A: 21-day PagDR5 promoter stained plants， c–d: detail of bud tip and lateral roots. B: 21-day PagTMK10 promoter stained plants， e–f: detail of bud tip and taproot end. C: Photograph of the third stem node stained section of PagDR5 promoter plants. D: Photograph of the third stem node stained section of PagTMK10 promoter plants."

Fig.4

Phenotypic statistics of WT-type and OE-type seedling plants planted in soil A: Gel electrophoretic pattern for identification of overexpressed PagTMK10 transgenic plants; B: Relative expression analysis of overexpressed PagTMK10 transgenic poplar; C: Comparison photographs of overexpressed PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type phenotypes after 45-day of greenhouse incubation; D: Overexpression of PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants were compared in terms of plant height at 45 days, and asterisks indicate significant differences (*， P<0.05); E: Overexpression of PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants were compared in terms of basal diameter at 45 days, and asterisks indicate significant differences (*， P<0.05); F: Comparison photographs of overexpression of PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type after 6 months of field cultivation, Scale bar is 20 cm; G: Overexpression of PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants were compared in terms of plant height after 6 months of field cultivation, and asterisks indicate significant differences (**， P<0.01); H: Overexpression of PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants were compared in terms of basal diameter after 6 months of field cultivation， and asterisks indicate significant differences (*， P<0.05)."

Fig.5

Phenotypic statistics of buds formation after de-stemming in WT- and OE-type plants A: Photographs of sprout growth after de-topping of overexpressed PagTMK10 transgenic plants and WT-type plants; B: Comparison of sprouting rate between overexpressed PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants on 4, 5 and 6 days after de-topping; C: Comparison of the number of sprouts at 30 days between PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants, and asterisks indicate significant differences (***， P<0.001); D: Comparison of the height of sprouts between overexpressed PagTMK10 transgenic poplar and WT-type plants on 30 days, and asterisks denote significant differences (***， P<0.001). The data in Figures B, C, and D are the average of 9 replicates. Scale bar: 1 cm."

Fig.6

Phenotypic statistics of the twelfth stem node section of WT-type and OE-type plants"