基于可燃物特征分类系统的兴安落叶松防火林带密度阻火效率评估——以白狼林业局为例

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250471

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To address the ecological and economic threats posed by frequent forest fires in the Sino-Mongolian border region, this study focuses on Larix gmelinii biological firebreaks. The aims are to investigate the differences in fire behavior characteristics of biological firebreaks under various environmental configurations and their influencing factors, and to identify the optimal forest belt density for constructing L. gmelinii biological firebreaks in this region. The study intends to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific establishment and fire control efficacy assessment of biological firebreaks in the Sino-Mongolian border region and to offer technical support for enhancing fire prevention capabilities within the “Three-North” shelterbelt system. Method: In this study, L. gmelinii biological firebreaks in the Bailang area of the northeastern Sino-Mongolian border was targeted. The fuel characteristic classification system (FCCS) was used to simulate the potential fire behavior of biological firebreaks at different forest belt densities under varying fuel moisture contents, wind speeds, and slope scenarios. Finally, the entropy-weight TOPSIS method was employed to comprehensively evaluate the fire control effectiveness of different forest belt densities across multiple scenarios. Result: 1) Under different wind speed and slope conditions, higher forest belt densities (≥ 8 000 individual·hm^?2) in biological firebreaks significantly suppressed potential surface fire behavior compared to the control plot (CK). The maximum reduction in fire spread rate reached 93.94%, and the maximum reduction in flame height reached 87.60%. 2) Forest belt density indirectly suppressed flame height by reducing fire spread rate. Wind speed and slope also affected the potential fire behavior of biological firebreaks, indicating that optimization of forest belt structure in combination with terrain configuration is essential to enhance fire control effectiveness. 3) Based on the entropy-weight TOPSIS method, the comprehensive evaluation of fire control effectiveness across multiple scenarios showed that the fire resistance effect was as follows: 8 000 individual·hm^?2> 9 000 individual·hm^?2> 7 000 individual·hm^?2> 6 000 individual·hm^?2. Conclusion: Rationally increasing the forest belt density of biological firebreaks can effectively regulate forest flammability and reduce potential fire risk. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize the use of high-density (≥ 8 000 individual·hm^?2) biological firebreaks in high-fire-risk areas along the Sino-Mongolian border, and optimize forest and understory structure in conjunction with terrain, wind direction, and other environmental factors to balance fire prevention and ecological benefits. Future studies should also consider potential ecological effects of high-density biological firebreaks, such as reduced understory biodiversity and slower nutrient cycling. Further exploration should be conducted on the comprehensive impacts of forest belt density regulation on ecosystem structure and function, in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the configuration of biological firebreaks in the Sino-Mongolian border region and other high-fire-risk northern forest areas.

Key words: biological firebreak, forest belt density, fuel characteristic classification system (FCCS), fire behavior, fuel management, China-Mongolia border

CLC Number:

S154.5

Tongxin Hu,Xiaoyu Wang,Cheng Yu,Yujie Guo,Guang Yang,Jibin Ning,Bo Gao,Zhibo Xu,Meng Cui,Xiaodong Sun,Ronghua Yan,Long Sun. Assessment of Fire Control Efficiency of Different Densities of Larix gmelinii Firebreak Forest Belt Based on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System: a Case Study in Bailang Forestry Bureau[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(4): 164-177.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fuel moisture scenarios %"

情景 Scenario	含水率情景描述 Scenario description of various moisture content	草本 Herb	灌木 Shrub	树冠 Crown	1 h 时滞可燃物 1-hour time-lag fuel	10 h 时滞可燃物 10-hour time-lag fuel	100 h 时滞可燃物 100-hour time-lag fuel
D1L1	死可燃物含水率极低、草本植物全部干枯 Very low moisture content of dead fuels, fully cured herb	30	60	60	3	4	5
D1L2	死可燃物含水率极低、2/3 草本植物干枯 Very low moisture content of dead fuels, 2/3 cured herb	60	90	90	3	4	5
D1L3	死可燃物含水率极低、1/3 草本植物干枯 Very low moisture content of dead fuels, 1/3 cured herb	90	120	120	3	4	5
D1L4	死可燃物含水率极低、草本植物未干枯 Very low moisture content of dead fuels, fully green herb	120	150	150	3	4	5
D2L1	死可燃物含水率低、草本植物全部干枯 Low moisture content of dead fuels, fully cured herb	30	60	60	6	7	8
D2L2	死可燃物含水率低、2/3 草本植物干枯 Low moisture content of dead fuels, 2/3 cured herb	60	90	60	6	7	8
D2L3	死可燃物含水率低、1/3 草本植物干枯 Low moisture content of dead fuels, 1/3 cured herb	90	120	60	6	7	8
D2L4	死可燃物含水率低、草本植物未干枯 Low moisture content of dead fuels, fully green herb	120	150	90	6	7	8
D3L1	死可燃物含水率中等、草本植物全部干枯 Moderate moisture content of dead fuels, fully cured herb	30	60	90	9	10	11
D3L2	死可燃物含水率中等、2/3 草本植物干枯 Moderate moisture content of dead fuels, 2/3 cured herb	60	90	90	9	10	11
D3L3	死可燃物含水率中等、1/3 草本植物干枯 Moderate moisture content of dead fuels, 1/3 cured herb	90	120	120	9	10	11
D3L4	死可燃物含水率中等、草本植物未干枯 Moderate moisture content of dead fuels, fully green herb	120	150	120	9	10	11
D4L1	死可燃物含水率高、草本植物全部干枯 High moisture content of dead fuels, fully cured herb	30	60	120	12	13	14
D4L2	死可燃物含水率高、2/3 草本植物干枯 High moisture content of dead fuels, 2/3 cured herb	60	90	150	12	13	14
D4L3	死可燃物含水率高、1/3 草本植物干枯 High moisture content of dead fuels, 1/3 cured herb	90	120	150	12	13	14
D4L4	死可燃物含水率高、草本植物未干枯 High moisture content of dead fuels, fully green herb	120	150	150	12	13	14

Table 5

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 6

Fig.4

Table 7

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月份 Month	火灾次数 Number of fires	过火面积 Burned area/hm2
4	2	61.73
5	5	314.00
6	5	7049.65
7	1	195.86

林带密度 Forest belt density/ (individual·hm^?2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	树高 Tree height/m	枝下高 Crown base height/m	胸径Diameter at breast height (DBH)/ cm	样地坐标 Plot coordinates	林班 Forest unit	小班 Subunit
6 000	0.92±0.03	3.79±0.11	0.43±0.02	3.80±0.12	120°11′E， 47°07′N	3	26
7 000	0.91±0.01	3.60±0.09	0.40±0.03	4.08±0.17	119°57′E， 47°04′N	11	1
8 000	0.89±0.01	3.65±0.13	0.41±0.03	3.98±0.11	120°12′E， 47°08′N	4	17
9 000	0.88±0.02	3.70±0.02	0.45±0.01	4.00±0.11	119°57′E，46°53′N	35	35

林带密度Forest belt density/ (individual· hm^?2)	可燃物梯（最低）Fuel ladder (minimum) /m	灌木Shrub			草本Herb			地表凋落物 Surface litter		倒死木质可燃物Downed woody fuel
林带密度Forest belt density/ (individual· hm^?2)	可燃物梯（最低）Fuel ladder (minimum) /m	平均高度Mean height/m	活植株比例Live plant proportion （%）	载量Fuel loads/ (t·hm^?2)	平均高度Mean height/cm	活植株比例Live plant proportion （%）	载量Fuel loads/ (t·hm^?2)	厚度 Thickness/cm	盖度 Coverage (%)	1 h 时滞可燃物载量1-hour time-lag fuel loads/ (t·hm^?2)	10 h时滞可燃物载量10-hour time-lag fuel loads/ (t·hm^?2)
6 000	0.5±0.04	0.34±0.01	12±2	0.09±0.10	37±6.12	85±3	1.50±0.01	1.9±0.22	80±3	7.43±0.23	0.27±0.07
7 000	0.4±0.05	0.22±0.01	8±4	0.10±0.03	36±11.10	83±5	1.19±0.09	1.8±0.27	82±5	7.72±0.29	0.28±0.05
8 000	0.4±0.03	0.19±0.03	8±5	0.14±0.01	32±7.33	83±9	0.77±0.02	1.9±0.16	82±6	8.41±0.19	0.31±0.09
9 000	0.5±0.05	—	—	—	32±5.17	80±2	0.81±0.02	2.0±0.19	85±6	9.50±0.22	0.50±0.15

林带密度 Forest belt density/ (individual·hm^?2)	潜在树冠火行为指数 Crown fire behavior potential index	树冠火发生可能指数 Crown fire initiation potential index	树冠火蔓延可能指数 Crown-to-crown transmissivity potential index	树冠火蔓延速度指数 Crown fire spread rate index
6 000	5.1	5.8	9.0	2.8
7 000	5.1	5.6	9.0	2.8
8 000	4.1	4.1	9.0	3.4
9 000	4.1	4.1	9.0	3.4

林带密度 Forest belt density/ (individual·hm^?2)	最优距离 Optimal distance	最劣距离 Worst distance	相对贴近度 Relative fit	阻火效果排名 Ranking of fire control effectiveness
6 000	0.148 4	0.102 8	0.415 6	4
7 000	0.128 9	0.109 1	0.448 0	3
8 000	0.032 6	0.194 9	0.846 5	1
9 000	0.057 1	0.188 9	0.768 8	2

Assessment of Fire Control Efficiency of Different Densities of Larix gmelinii Firebreak Forest Belt Based on the Fuel Characteristic Classification System: a Case Study in Bailang Forestry Bureau

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林带密度 Forest belt density/ (individual·hm^?2)	主要草本 Main herb	草本活叶片含水率 Moisture content of living herb leaves (%)	主要灌木 Main shrub	灌木活叶片含水率 Moisture content of living shrub leaves (%)	1 h 时滞可燃物含水率 1-hour time-lag fuel moisture content (%)	10 h 时滞可燃物含水率 10-hour time-lag fuel moisture content (%)
6 000	苔草Carex spp. ；玉竹 Polygonatum odoratum	82	山荆子 Malus baccata 刺五加 Eleutherococcus senticosus	67	8	9
7 000		81		66	9	8
8 000		85		70	11	8
9 000		89	—	—	12	16

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