基于生态系统健康的川滇生态屏障区生态安全格局构建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250296

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, an ecosystem health assessment framework and a comprehensive resistance surface were constructed to identify ecological source areas and key nodes in the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier area, aiming to lay a foundation for optimizing the ecological security pattern in the study area and provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration. Method: Based on multi-source basic data in 2021 and the “ecological vigor-organization-resilience-ecosystem services” framework, software such as InVEST, Fragstats, and TerrSet were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of ecosystem health in the study area and determine the optimal ecological source protection plan. The random forest model was adopted to calculate the future land-use development probability, and a comprehensive ecological resistance surface was constructed by combining natural and social factors. The ecological security pattern of the study area was constructed through the circuit theory model. Result: In 2021, there were obvious spatial differentiations in the ecosystem physical health index, vigor, organization, and resilience of the ecosystem in the study area. The average values of the ecosystem physical health index and vitality were 0.533 and 0.546 respectively, showing a distribution pattern of high in the south and low in the north. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the south, southwest, central, and north regions with diverse ecosystem types, abundant wildlife resources, high vegetation coverage, and sufficient water resources. The physical health and vitality levels in the northwest and east were relatively low. The average value of organization was 0.583. Affected by terrain barriers, the high-value areas were mostly in regions with flat terrain, good traffic connectivity, high vegetation coverage, and traversed by rivers. The low-value areas were concentrated in areas with complex terrains such as the Minshan Mountains, Micang Mountains, Qionglai Mountains, Daliang Mountains, and Gaoligong Mountains. The average value of resilience reached 0.667. The western and northwestern regions exhibited low values due to grassland degradation, salinization, and desertification caused by overgrazing. The areas with developed towns, intensively cultivated land, and lakes were also low values. The distribution of the ecosystem health showed a pattern of low in the west, northwest, east, and southeast and high in the northeast, central, and south. The average value of the comprehensive ecological resistance surface was 32.716, opposing the distribution trend of ecosystem health. The ecological security pattern included 210 ecological source areas with an area of 66 990.64 km², accounting for 28.28% of the total area. There were 511 ecological corridors with a total length of 5 951.475 km, showing a dense distribution in the west and sparse in the east. The general ecological corridors (250) were long and scattered, connecting relatively distant ecological sources. The important ecological corridors (178) were short and densely distributed, forming a corridor network with general corridors. The core ecological corridors (83) connected large-area source areas. A total of 143 ecological pinch-points and 248 ecological barrier points were identified, primarily distributed on general ecological corridors, with land uses mainly consisting of grasslands, other land uses and cultivated land. Conclusion: This study reveals the regional differences in the physical health, and the overall distribution pattern of the ecosystem health is “high in the north and south, low in the east and west”. The northeast, central, and south regions are the concentrated distribution areas of ecological source areas and pinch points, and the integrity of natural vegetation should be protected as a priority. The Aba Prefecture, Ganzi Prefecture, and Shangri-La region are significantly affected by natural factors and human activities and should be preferentially restored. Additionally, spatial planning of the northeast and south regions should be further optimized to coordinate the sustainable development of the ecosystem and the economy.

Key words: ecosystem services, ecosystem health, land development probability, circuit theory, ecological security pattern

CLC Number:

Jiao Liu,Aixia Yang,Shuaifeng Li,Jianrong Su. Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier Area Based on Ecosystem Health[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(1): 42-56.

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研究参数Research parameters	年份Year	空间分辨率Spatial resolution	数据来源Data sources
土地利用/覆盖Land use/land cover（LULC）	2021	30 m	中国科学院空天信息创新研究院Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
数字高程模型Digital elevation model	2019	30 m	NASA地球科学数据NASA Earth Science Data（https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/）
年均气温、逐月降水数据集、逐月潜在蒸散发数据集Annual mean temperature, Monthly precipitation dataset, Monthly potential evapotranspiration dataset	2021	1 000 m	国家青藏高原科学数据中心National Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Science Data Center （http://data.tpdc.ac.cn）
土壤数据Soil data	2010— 2018	90 m	国家科技基础条件平台——国家地球系统科学数据中心National Earth System Science Data Center， National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China （http://soil.geodata.cn）
归一化植被指数Normalized vegetation index（NDVI）	2021	30 m	采用2021年Landsat遥感影像计算Calculated with Landsat remote sensing images in 2021
净初级生产力Net primary productivity（NPP）	2021	500 m	MYD17A3HGF数据集MYD17A3HGF dataset （https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/myd17a3hgfv061/）
道路、湖泊、河流数据Road, lake, and river data	2021	矢量数据 Vector data	OpenStreetMap（https://www.openstreetmap.org/）

项目Item	耕地 Farmland	林地 Forest	草地 Grassland	灌木地 Shrubland	水域 Water	建设用地 Built-up land	交通运输用地 Transportation land	其他 Other
恢复力系数Resilience coefficient	0.4	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.1
阻力系数Resistance coefficient	0.6	1	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.2

土地利用类型 Land use type	地上生物量碳 Aboveground biomass carbon	地下生物量碳 Underground biomass carbon	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	死有机碳 Dead organic matter carbon
耕地Farmland	0.411 1	2.734 1	93.437 7	0
林地Forest	12.174 4	48.916 8	111.922 9	2.177 3
草地Grassland	0.474 7	4.857 4	90.657 9	0.09
灌木地Shrubland	4.662 7	5.828 4	89.205	0.924 2
水域Water	0	0	0	0
建设用地Built-up land	4.804 3	1.921 7	70.628 3	0
交通运输用地 Transportation land	4.941 5	1.976 6	71.815 1	0
其他Other	0	0	0	0

情景Scenario	风险Risk	权衡Trae-off	w₁	w₂	w₃	w₄	w₅
1	0	0	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
2	0.1	0.374	0.000	0.000	0.033	0.333	0.633
3	0.2	0.570	0.000	0.040	0.180	0.320	0.460
4	0.3	0.717	0.040	0.120	0.200	0.280	0.360
5	0.4	0.859	0.120	0.160	0.200	0.240	0.280
6	0.5	1.000	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200
7	0.6	0.859	0.280	0.240	0.200	0.160	0.120
8	0.7	0.717	0.360	0.280	0.200	0.120	0.040
9	0.8	0.570	0.460	0.320	0.180	0.040	0.000
10	0.9	0.374	0.633	0.333	0.033	0.000	0.000
11	1	0	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

阻力因子Resistance factor	权重 Weight	相对阻力值Relative resistance value
阻力因子Resistance factor	权重 Weight	10	30	50	70	90
土地发展概率因子 Land development probability factor	0.416 7	基于公式（11）Calculation based on equation （11）
海拔Elevation/ m	0.142 6	<2 000	2 000–2 500	2 500–3 000	3 000–3 500	>3 500
坡度Slope/ (°)	0.056 7	<8	8~15	15~25	25~35	>35
地形起伏度Topographic relief/m	0.074 5	<100	100~200	200~300	300~400	>400
植被覆盖度Vegetation coverage (%)	0.158 8	>0.8	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2
距道路距离Distance from road/m	0.083 3	>5 000	2 000~5 000	1 000~2 000	500~1 000	<500
土壤侵蚀量Amount of soil erosion/ (t·km^?2)	0.067 4	<500	500~1 000	1 000~2 000	2 000~5 000	>5 000

Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier Area Based on Ecosystem Health

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情景 Scenario	生态系统物理健康Ecosystem physical health			生态系统服务Ecosystem service				平均保护效率 Average protection efficiency
情景 Scenario	生态活力 Ecological vigor	生态组织力 Ecological organization	生态恢复力 Ecological resilience	产水量 Water yield	生境质量指数Habitat quality index	碳储量 Carbon storage	土壤保持量 Soil retention capacity	平均保护效率 Average protection efficiency
1	1.388	1.241	1.360	0.737	1.114	1.200	1.113	1.164 8
2	1.371	1.246	1.359	0.780	1.134	1.201	1.153	1.177 6
3	1.354	1.245	1.352	0.840	1.139	1.201	1.205	1.190 9
4	1.338	1.243	1.346	0.895	1.141	1.200	1.231	1.199 2
5	1.323	1.240	1.341	0.937	1.142	1.199	1.247	1.204 1
6	1.300	1.231	1.333	0.995	1.144	1.197	1.270	1.209 9
7	1.271	1.197	1.324	1.077	1.147	1.194	1.326	1.219 3
8	1.234	1.130	1.310	1.181	1.148	1.189	1.410	1.228 7
9	1.196	1.061	1.279	1.267	1.133	1.175	1.489	1.228 6
10	1.177	1.028	1.224	1.293	1.100	1.148	1.498	1.209 7
11	0.957	0.945	0.381	1.162	0.485	0.737	0.400	0.723 9

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