Abstract: [Objective] In this study, soil samples of Chinese fir plantations were collected to study the effects of biochar with different preparation materials and preparation temperatures on soil bacterial community structure and diversity through soil culture experiments in laboratory. The purpose of this study was to provide scientific basis for improving acid red soil in southern China and rational application of biochar.[Method]The V3+V4 region of 16S rDNA sequence of soil bacteria, amplified by PCR, was determined by high-throughput sequencing technique after 80 days of culture in the following different media:original soil with 3% Chinese fir leaf biochar produced at temperature of 300℃ (BL300) and 600℃ (BL600), original soil with 3% Chinese fir wood chip biochar produced at temperature of 300℃(BW300) and at temperature of 600℃ (BW600), and original soil only (served as control).[Result]The OUT-Wayne diagram analysis showed that the soil bacteria abundance with BL300 was higher than that of the control, while the abundance of other biochar treatments was lower. The results of PcoA analysis, Beta diversity analysis and UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria of fir leaf biochar treatment were significantly different from those of the control, among which BL600 was the most different from the control. The results of adding wood chip biochar were similar to those of control. The addition of biochar had a certain effect on the structure and function of soil bacteria at different species levels, among which the treatment of fir leaf biochar had very significant effect on the abundance of dominant bacterial species, and the treatment of the wood chip biochar had a relatively small effect on dominant bacteria.[Conclusion]The addition of BL300 biochar increased the abundance of soil bacteria, while other biochar treatments reduced the abundance of bacteria. Different raw materials and temperatures had effects on biochar. Because of the insufficient available nitrogen of fir wood chip biochar, the effect of Chinese fir leaf biochar on soil bacterial structure and diversity was more significant than fir wood chip biochar. The content of high-temperature biochar ash was more, so the influence on bacterial diversity was greater. Different soil bacterial populations have different living habits and functions, and the utilization degree of biochar components is different, so adding biochar can change the relative abundance of dominant populations in soil and the overall function of soil bacterial community.

Key words: high-throughput sequencing, biochar, Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, soil bacteria, diversity