不同生境中多树种生长对干旱胁迫的敏感性评价——以德国萨克森州为例

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210902

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to find the response and sensitivity of multiple tree species in urban forests to drought under diverse habitat conditions and provides a reference basis for rapid screening of adaptive tree species with high drought tolerance and healthy growth. Method: The measurement of annual shoot lengths (ASL) of 24 tree species with different age (early-young, young, and mature) in diverse habitats (closed forest, open forest, and avenue tree) between 2005 and 2020 was conducted, and the calculation of the relative ASL increase (RAI, the ratio of the ASL increase between before and after drought to the non-drought period) was used to indicate trees’ growth sensitivity in response to drought stress. Result: 1) Trees’ ASL was decreasing consistently with age, and the early-young trees growing in the shaded forests and young trees in the open stands showed relatively higher ASL values than the mature trees planted along the avenues. 2) The correlation between the ASLs and the standardized precipitation indices of the present-year and the previous-year was significantly strong (r²=0.687, P<0.01),Fraxinus excelsior and Quercus robur in the shaded forest, as well as F. excelsior and Q. robur in the open forests, were found to be non-sensitive to drought, but the other 14 tree species were drought-sensitive. 3) The mean value and minimum of the leaf water potential at the turgor loss point significantly correlated with each other （r²=0.549, P<0.01）, but did not correlate to growth sensitivity. 4) Xylem structure significantly correlated with RAI （r=0.553, P<0.01）and growth sensitivity（r=0.545, P<0.01）, and the ASL performance of the ring-porous species was better than semi-ring-porous species and diffuse-porous species. Conclusion: Although the responses of tree annual shoot growth to drought were affected by multiply interior and external factors, ASL measurement was recommended to be an easy, fast and effective method to assess tree growth vitality and adaptability in response to their habitats, this method was also helpful to select urban tree species with high tolerance under climate change impacts.

Key words: urban forest, growth response, tree species selection, drought tolerance, adaptability

CLC Number:

S733/737

Ming Liu,Pietzarka Ulrich,Roloff Andreas,Deshun Zhang. Assessment on the Growth Sensitivity to Drought Stress for Various Tree Species Growing at Diverse Habitats ——A Case Study in Saxony, Germany[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(11): 12-22.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Information of 24 surveyed combinations of tree species and habitats"

编号	树种	生境	树高	胸径	树龄	年均枝长 Annual shoot length/cm
No.	Tree species	Habitats	Tree height/m	DBH/cm	Tree age/a	年均枝长 Annual shoot length/cm
1	欧洲水青冈 Fagus sylvatica	郁闭林 Closed forest	1.7±0.1	3.0±0.5	5~8	31.1±9.0
2	夏栎 Quercus robur	郁闭林 Closed forest	1.8±0.1	4.5±0.7	5~8	26.6±10.7
3	栓皮槭 Acer campestre	开敞林 Open forest	3.5±0.6	5.9±1.6	5~8	50.9±19.9
4	梣叶槭 Acer negundo	开敞林 Open forest	3.8±0.8	5.6±1.7	5~8	59.0±23.8
5	挪威槭 Acer platanoides	开敞林 Open forest	6.2±1.0	6.4±1.1	9~15	56.9±23.6
6	桦叶鹅耳枥 Carpinus betulus	开敞林 Open forest	3.6±0.9	6.4±1.4	5~8	48.8±19.4
7	欧梣 Fraxinus excelsior	开敞林 Open forest	4.1±0.8	3.9±1.0	5~8	51.9±23.5
8	欧洲甜樱桃 Prunus avium	开敞林 Open forest	3.2±0.8	8.7±2.9	5~8	52.4±17.8
9	无梗花栎 Quercus petraea	开敞林 Open forest	5.9±1.1	9.3±2.5	9~15	19.6±10.6
10	夏栎 Quercus robur	开敞林 Open forest	3.1±0.9	4.7±1.6	5~8	39.2±16.0
11	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	开敞林 Open forest	6.6±1.0	8.0±1.1	9~15	54.7±16.9
12	北欧花楸 Sorbus aucuparia	开敞林 Open forest	3.1±0.6	4.3±0.9	5~8	45.6±20.4
13	挪威槭 Acer platanoides	行道树 Avenue tree	9.7±2.0	24.8±3.8	9~15	29.4±18.4
14	梣叶槭 Acer negundo	行道树 Avenue tree	11.8±2.5	27.3±7.4	16~30	19.9±16.0
15	银白槭 Acer saccharinum	行道树 Avenue tree	14.1±2.4	27.2±3.8	16~30	6.2±4.4
16	欧洲七叶树 Aesculus hippocastanum	行道树 Avenue tree	7.6±1.0	19.6±3.5	9~15	10.6±7.5
17	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	行道树 Avenue tree	9.2±1.7	32.9±6.6	16~30	9.0±6.6
18	欧梣 Fraxinus excelsior	行道树 Avenue tree	11.3±2.5	29.4±6.6	16~30	12.2±9.9
19	欧洲甜樱桃 Prunus avium	行道树 Avenue tree	5.7±1.2	14.9±7.2	16~30	14.9±11.4
20	西洋梨 Pyrus communis	行道树 Avenue tree	7.0±1.2	32.6±5.8	9~15	14.4±15.5
21	夏栎 Quercus robur	行道树 Avenue tree	8.2±1.5	17.6±4.4	9~15	21.7±11.2
22	北欧花楸 Sorbus aucuparia	行道树 Avenue tree	5.0±1.0	9.6±3.7	9~15	16.3±14.7
23	欧洲椴 Tilia europaea	行道树 Avenue tree	7.6±0.9	16.8±3.9	9~15	44.5±11.6
24	心叶椴 Tilia cordata	行道树 Avenue tree	6.6±1.5	26.5±5.2	16~30	15.4±8.1

Table 1

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序号 No.	树种 Species	叶片膨压损失点水势 Ψ_tlp （Mean±SD）/(–MPa)	叶片膨压损失点水势 Ψ_tlp （Minimum）/ (–MPa)	抗旱性 Drought tolerance
1	栓皮槭 Acer campestre	2.32±0.55	3.01	较高抗旱性 High
2	梣叶槭 Acer negundo	2.22±0.52	2.56	中等抗旱性 Moderate
3	挪威槭 Acer platanoides	2.16±0.53	3.09	较高抗旱性 Moderate-High
4	银白槭 Acer saccharinum	3.30±0.03	3.3	高抗旱性 High
5	欧洲七叶树 Aesculus hippocastanum	1.81±0.16	1.92	弱抗旱性 Low
6	臭椿 Ailanthus altissima	1.95±0.36	2.41	中等抗旱性 Moderate
7	桦叶鹅耳枥 Carpinus betulus	2.65±0.05	2.71	较高抗旱性 Moderate-High
8	欧洲水青冈 Fagus sylvatica	2.29±0.42	2.57	中等抗旱性 Moderate
9	欧梣 Fraxinus excelsior	2.71±0.18	2.87	较高抗旱性 Moderate-High
10	欧洲甜樱桃 Prunus avium	2.32±0.06	2.37	中等抗旱性 Moderate
11	西洋梨 Pyrus communis	3.28±0.05	3.28	高抗旱性 High
12	无梗花栎 Quercus petraea	2.49±0.38	3.1	较高抗旱性 Moderate-High
13	夏栎 Quercus robur	2.73±0.12	2.87	较高抗旱性 Moderate-High
14	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	2.01±0.27	2.49	中等抗旱性 Moderate
15	北欧花楸 Sorbus aucuparia	2.52±0.27	2.52	中等抗旱性 Moderate
16	欧洲椴 Tilia europaea	2.51±0.05	2.48	中等抗旱性 Moderate
17	心叶椴 Tilia cordata	2.32±0.11	2.51	中等抗旱性 Moderate

因子 Factor	RAI	生长敏感性 Growth sensitivity	抗旱性 Drought tolerance	生境 Habitat	树龄 Age
生长敏感性Growth sensitivity	?0.853^**
抗旱性 Drought tolerance	0.010	?0.110
生境 Habitat	0.388	?0.329	0.038
树龄 Age	?0.279	0.228	?0.028	?0.771^**
木质部结构 Xylem structure	0.553^**	?0.545^**	0.042	0.277	?0.083

因子间偏相关关系 Partial correlation between factors	控制因子（偏相关系数） Control factor (Partial correlation coefficient)
生长敏感性与RAI Growth sensitivity and RAI	抗旱性 Drought tolerance	生境 Habitat	树龄 Age	木质部结构 Xylem structure
生长敏感性与RAI Growth sensitivity and RAI	?0.857^**	?0.833^**	?0.844^**	?0.789^**
木质部结构与RAI Xylem structure and RAI	生长敏感性 Growth sensitivity	抗旱性 Drought tolerance	生境 Habitat	树龄 Age
木质部结构与RAI Xylem structure and RAI	0.202	0.553^**	0.503^**	0.554^**
木质部结构与生长敏感性 Xylem structure and growth sensitivity	RAI	抗旱性 Drought tolerance	生境 Habitat	树龄 Age
木质部结构与生长敏感性 Xylem structure and growth sensitivity	?0.169	?0.544^**	?0.500^**	?0.542^**
树龄与生境 Age and habitat	RAI	生长敏感性 Growth sensitivity	抗旱性 Drought tolerance	木质部结构 Xylem structure
树龄与生境 Age and habitat	?0.749^**	?0.757^**	?0.771^**	?0.781^**

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Assessment on the Growth Sensitivity to Drought Stress for Various Tree Species Growing at Diverse Habitats ——A Case Study in Saxony, Germany

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