与林内小气候舒适度相关的城市森林冠层结构指数选择

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200204

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: In order tooptimizethe structure of the urban forestsand to improve thermal environment, canopy structure indices related to comfort of microclimate were constructed and screened. Method: One dimension canopy structure indicators(including leaf area index, mean tilt angle of leat, canopy thickness, under branch height, ratio of canopy thickness to tree height, and the permeability of the canopy), highly correlatedwith urban forest cooling effect, were selected to construct multidimensional canopy structure indices on the basis of both air flow and energy exchange in and out of the forests. Furthermore, correlation analysis was used to select canopy structure indices with high explanation to the microclimate comfort in the forests. Result: The one dimension canopy structure indicators were weakly correlated with the comfort degree in the forest (S) and the relative variationin comfort (S_d), whose explanatory power to S was between 0 and 30.5%and the explanatory power to S_d was between 0 and 53.5%; The multidimensional canopy structure indices significantly improved the interpretation to S and S_d, which were 0 to 37.5%and 30.9% to 55.1% respectively; The synergistic effect on S of the structure index for vertical heat diffuse and the structure index for horizonta heat diffuse was 43.5% relatively large. The synergistic effect on S_d of the vertical canopy index and the canopy vertical evenness index was 63.9%, the highest, among others. Conclusion: The comfort and the relative variationin comfortin urban forests are influenced by several structureindicators and indices jointly. The multidimensional canopy structure indices (including structure index for vertica heat diffuse, structure index for horizontal heat diffuse, comprehensive structure index for heat diffuse, vertical canopy index, canopy uniformity index, canopy vertical evenness index and comprehensive canopy index), constructed in this paper are highly correlated with comfort degree and its relative variation, providing a reference for the optimization of urban forest structure.

Key words: urban forest, cooling effect, degree of comfort, canopy structure, leaf area index

CLC Number:

S718.51

Haixuan Liu,Ju Wu,Lijuan Xu,Chengyang Xu. Selection of Canopy Structure Index of Urban Forest Associated with Comfort Degree of Microclimate Within the Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(2): 32-39.

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胸径范围 Range of DBH/cm	样地数量 Number of sample plots	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	平均冠层厚度 Mean canopy thickness/m	平均冠幅 Mean crown width/m	LAI
≤16.00	166	9.25±0.24	6.25±0.19	4.20±0.08	2.15±0.07
16.01~18.00	227	10.95±0.18	7.51±0.14	4.29±0.07	1.95±0.07
18.01~20.00	496	11.63±0.06	6.38±0.09	5.45±0.02	2.42±0.05
20.01~22.00	129	10.98±0.12	8.47±0.12	5.70±0.06	2.81±0.10
22.01~24.00	147	10.56±0.20	7.99±0.17	6.42±0.06	2.15±0.08
24.01~26.00	129	12.25±0.24	9.25±0.21	6.92±0.07	1.89±0.07
＞26.00	150	13.39±0.24	10.09±0.20	7.73±0.12	1.85±0.07

舒适度指标 Comfort index	一维度树冠结构指标 One dimension indicators of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	Pearson相关性 Pearson correlation		线性回归 Linear regression
舒适度指标 Comfort index	一维度树冠结构指标 One dimension indicators of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P	斜率 Slope	截距 Intercept	R²
S	lg(LAI)	101	-0.309	0.002	-0.013	0.412	0.095
	lg(MTA)	101	0.455	＜0.001	0.042	1.174	0.207
	lg(CTH)	101	0.457	＜0.001	0.001	0.825	0.205
	lg(UBH)	101	0.552	＜0.001	0.013	0.364	0.305
	lg(RCT)	101	0.263	0.011	0.004	-0.203	0.067
	lg(PC)	101	0.066	0.226	—	—	—
S_d	lg(LAI)	82	-0.362	0.001	-0.189	0.319	0.172
	lg(MTA)	82	-0.008	0.871	—	—	—
	lg(CTH)	82	0.058	0.227	—	—	—
	lg(UBH)	82	0.082	0.085	—	—	—
	lg(RCT)	82	0.458	＜0.001	0.086	-0.14	0.21
	lg(PC)	82	0.732	＜0.001	1.181	1.201	0.535

舒适度指标 Comfort index	多维度树冠结构指数 Multidimensional indices of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	Pearson相关性 Pearson correlation		线性回归 Linear regression
舒适度指标 Comfort index	多维度树冠结构指数 Multidimensional indices of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P	斜率 Slope	截距 Intercept	R²
S	lg(SIV)	101	0.421	＜0.001	0.04	0.027	0.177
	lg(SIH)	101	0.612	＜0.001	0.015	0.542	0.375
	lg(SIL)	101	-0.016	0.694	—	—	—
	lg(CSI)	101	0.48	＜0.001	0.05	0.604	0.231
S_d	lg(VCI)	82	0.556	＜0.001	0.356	-0.016	0.309
	lg(CU)	82	0.72	＜0.001	1.465	0.979	0.519
	lg(CVE)	82	0.756	＜0.001	1.257	1.43	0.572
	lg(CC)	82	0.743	＜0.001	1.587	1.246	0.551

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Selection of Canopy Structure Index of Urban Forest Associated with Comfort Degree of Microclimate Within the Forest

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年份 Year	平均日最高气温 Daily maximum temperature /℃	平均日最低气温 Daily minimum temperature /℃	气温日较差 Daily temperature range/℃	风速/级 Wind speed/level
2013	35	23	12	≤3
2014	34	23	11	≤3
2015	33	21	12	≤3
2016	32	22	10	≤3