松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅰ.生物学特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220608

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Paracarophenax alternatus is a newly found parasitic mite species that can feed on and kill the eggs of Monochamus alternatus, the main vector of pine wilt disease in China. Clarification of its biological characteristics can provide a basis for the applications of this mite to control M. alternatus. Method: The behavioral habits, parasitism rate, development duration, fecundity and longevity of P. alternatus were investigated through indoor breeding and microscopic observation under controlled conditions. Result: P. alternatus is a phoretic mite and the adults usually attached on the thorax and abdomen of the adult of M. alternatus. Phoretic mites crawled into the oviposition grooves and then parasitized to kill the eggs of M. alternatus. P. alternatus reproduced as gamogenesis and viviparism mode. After parasitizing the egg, the abdomen of female adult mite gradually expanded into physogastry. The nymphs grew in the physogastry, and the adults crawled out from the physogastry one by one. The male adult mites crawled out first and then stayed aside the physogastry waiting for mating. The mating process lasted for 3-6 s commonly. Usually, a female mite reproduced only 1 to 2 male mites, and the rest were all females.The parasitism rate of P. alternatus to M. alternatus egg reached 80.85%, and all parasitized eggs became shriveled and died. Temperature played a significant role on the developmental duration, longevity and the physogastry volume of P. alternatus. With the increase of temperature, both development duration and longevity of P. alternatus significantly shortened. Averagely, the development duration was 6.9 d at 17 ℃ and then decreased to 2.2 d at 33 ℃. Its developmental threshold temperature was (10.44 ± 0.09) ℃, and the effective accumulated temperature was (46.28 ± 0.28) d·℃. The adult female mites could survive 70.3 d at 15 ℃ and 10.7 d at 30 ℃. The volume of the physogastry was 1.54 mm³ at 21 ℃, however, decreased to 0.72 mm³ at 17 ℃. P.alternatus showed a high fecundity, and each female adult reproduced averagely 71.2 offspring at 25 ℃, with a minimum of 14 and a maximum of 139. Its fecundity exhibited significantly positive correlation with the volume of its physogastry. The physogastry with the volume less than 1.0 mm³ was able to just reproduce averagely 32.2 offspring, however, the physogastry with the volume more than 3.0 mm³ could reproduce averagely 110.9 offspring. Conclusion: P. alternatus is an important biological factor for controlling M. alternatus, due to its high parasitic and lethal rate on M. alternatus eggs, short developmental cycle, high fecundity and easy propagation and spread.

Key words: Paracarophenax alternatus, Monochamus alternatus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, biological characteristics

CLC Number:

S718.7

Junnan Li,Yuzhen Zhu,Runkai Chen,Yu Fu,Mengling Cai,Bingrong Huang,Yun Xu,Songqing Wu,Feiping Zhang. Research on Paracarophenax alternatus Ⅰ. Biological Characteristics[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(6): 79-87.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Table 3

Fig.3

Table 4

Fig.4

Fig.5

References 0

	蔡梦玲. 2019. 松材线虫在树干中的分布与松墨天牛成虫历期影响因素分析. 福州: 福建农林大学.
	Cai M L. 2019. Distributing PWN in Pinus massoniana and analysis of environmental factors impacting adulthood duration of Monochamus alternatus Hope. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University. [in Chinese]
	陈龙, 林强, 李俊楠, 等. 松墨天牛诱捕器空间位置的野外对比试验. 福建林学院学报, 2014, 34 (1): 11- 14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-389X.2014.01.003
	Chen L , Lin Q , Li J N , et al. Comparison of efficacies for Monochamus alternatus adult caught by panel traps baited with APF-Ⅰ chemical attractant placed at different field positions. Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, 2014, 3 (1): 11- 14. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-389X.2014.01.003
	陈沐荣, 宋世涵, 张连芹, 等. 释放管氏肿腿蜂防治松材线虫病的研究. 中国生物防治, 1996, 12 (2): 52- 54.
	Chen M R , Song S H , Zhang L Q , et al. Indirect control of pine wood nematode by releasing Scleroderma guani. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 1996, 12 (2): 52- 54.
	马良进, 张立钦, 林海萍, 等. 松墨天牛病原菌及其致病性研究. 中国生物防治学报, 2009, 25 (3): 220- 225.
	Ma L J , Zhang L Q , Lin H P , et al. Investigation of pathogens of Monochamus alternatus in east China and virulence. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2009, 25 (3): 220- 225.
	吾中良, 朱建国, 梁细弟, 等. 饵木诱集松墨天牛的研究. 中国森林病虫, 2001, 20 (2): 33- 34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0886.2001.02.014
	Wu Z L , Zhu J G , Liang X D , et al. Attracting Monochamus alternatus with baited woods. Forest Pest and Disease, 2001, 20 (2): 33- 34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-0886.2001.02.014
	辛玉翠, 张龙娃, 方竹, 等. 室内条件下莱氏猛叩甲对松墨天牛和黄粉虫的捕食能力. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59 (5): 552- 559. doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.05.010
	Xin Y C , Zhang L W , Fang Z , et al. Predatory capability of Tetrigus lewisi (Coleoptera: Elateridae) to the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under laboratory conditions. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59 (5): 552- 559. doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.05.010
	杨希, 黄金水, 何学友, 等. 管氏肿腿蜂及其带菌室内防治松墨天牛幼虫试验. 福建林业科技, 2005, 32 (3): 94- 96. 94-96, 99 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2005.03.024
	Yang X , Huang J S , He X Y , et al. Experiment of controlling Monochamus alternatus larva with Scleroderma guani and its carried fungus in door. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 2005, 32 (3): 94. 94-96, 99 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7351.2005.03.024
	杨忠岐. 白蛾周氏啮小蜂的有效积温及发育起点温度研究. 林业科学, 2000, 36 (6): 119- 122. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2000.06.021
	Yang Z Q . A study on effective accumulated temperature and threshold temperature for development Chouioia cunea Yang(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2000, 36 (6): 119- 122. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2000.06.021
	杨忠岐. 利用天敌昆虫控制我国重大林木害虫研究进展. 中国生物防治, 2004, 20 (4): 221- 227.
	Yang Z Q . Advance in bio-control researches of the important forest insect pests with natural enemies in China. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2004, 20 (4): 221- 227.
	张立钦, 刘军, 吴鸿. 松墨天牛优良白僵菌菌株筛选. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 24 (2): 33- 37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2000.02.008
	Zhang L Q , Liu J , Wu H . The screen virulent of Beauveria bassiana to Monochamus alternatus. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natueal Sciences Edition), 2000, 24 (2): 33- 37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2000.02.008
	张连芹, 宋世涵, 黄焕华, 等. 利用引诱剂和肿腿蜂防治松墨天牛的研究. 林业科学研究, 1991, 4 (3): 285- 290.
	Zhang L Q , Song S H , Huang H H , et al. Study on Control of Monochamus alternatus with Attractant and Scleroderma guani. Forest Research, 1991, 4 (3): 285- 290.
	张翌楠. 2006. 松褐天牛的天敌昆虫调查及生物防治技术研究. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院.
	Zhang Y N. 2006. Investigation of insect natural enemies of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and studies on bio-control the pest. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry. [in Chinese]
	郑丽平. 2013. APF-Ⅰ型松墨天牛化学诱剂的评价和应用. 福州: 福建农林大学.
	Zheng L P. 2013. The evaluation and application of APF-Ⅰchemical attractant in monitoring and management of Monochamus alternatus Hope. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University. [in Chinese]
	赵锦年, 蒋平, 吴沧松, 等. 松墨天牛引诱剂及引诱作用研究. 林业科学研究, 2000, 13 (3): 262- 267.
	Zhao J N , Jiang P , Wu C S , et al. Studies on Monochamus alternatus Attractant and the Attractability. Forest Research, 2000, 13 (3): 262- 267.
	Arjomandi E , Hajiqanbar H , Joharchi O . Aethiophenax mycetophagi s.nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Acarophenacidae), an egg parasitoid of Mycetophagus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 2017, 22 (4): 541- 549.
	Cross E A . The generic relationships of the family Pyemotidae (Acarina: Trombidiformes). The Chiversity of Kansas Science Bulletion, 1965, 45, 29- 275.
	Goldarazena A , Ochoa R , Jordana R , et al. Revision of the genus Adactylidium Cross (Acari: Heterostigmata: Acarophenacidae), mites associated with thrips (Thysanoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2001, 103 (3): 473- 516.
	Katlav A , Hajiqanbar H , Talebi A A . First record of the genus Aethiophenax (Acari: Acarophenacidae) from Asia, redefinition of the genus and description of a new species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2015, 18 (3): 389- 395.
	Khaustov A A , Xayctob A A . Redescription of "Pediculoides"ipidarius Redikortsev, 1947, and description of a new species from the genus Paracarophenax(Acari: Heterostigmata: Acarophenacidae). Acarina, 1999, 7 (1): 57- 59.
	Khaustov A A , Abramov V V . A new species of Paracarophenax (Acari: Heterostigmata: Acarophenacidae) associated with Triplax scutellaris (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) from European Russia. Acarologia, 2018, 58 (2): 332- 341.
	Krczal H . Systematik und Okologie der Pyemotiden. Beitrage Zur Systemtik Und Okologie Mitteleuropaischer Acarina, 1959, 1, 385- 625.
	Mahunka S . Neue und auf Insekten lebende Milben aus Australien und Neu-Guinea (Acari: Acarida, Tarsonemida). Annales Historico- Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 1975, 67, 317- 325.
	Mahunka S , Rack G . Zwei neue Arten der Familien Acarophenacidae und Pygmephoridae (Acarina, Tarsonemida). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 1977, 69, 305- 309.
	Mamiya Y . History of pine wilts disease in Japan. Journal of Nematology, 1988, 20 (2): 219- 226.
	Walter D E , Seeman O D . A new species of Paracarophenax (Acariformes: Acarophenacidae) with a new means of phoretic attachment. International Journal of Acarology, 2017, 43 (4): 329- 335.
	Xu Y , Li Y C , Huang B R , et al. First record of the genus Paracarophenax (Acari: Acarophenacidae) from China, with description of a new species. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 2018, 23 (12): 2411- 2419.
	Yamanaka S . Field control of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae by Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Rhabditida). Japanese Journal of Nematology, 1994, 23 (2): 71- 78.
	Yang Z Q , Wang X Y , Zhang Y N . Recent advances in biological control of important native and invasive forest pests in China. Biological Control, 2014, 68, 117- 128.

温度 Temperature/℃	重复数 Replicate (individual)	平均发育历期 Mean developmental duration/d	极小值 Minimum/d	极大值 Maximum/d	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval for mean/d
温度 Temperature/℃	重复数 Replicate (individual)	平均发育历期 Mean developmental duration/d	极小值 Minimum/d	极大值 Maximum/d	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound
17	20	6.9 ± 0.2^a	4.5	8.0	6.5	7.4
21	325	4.7 ± 0.0^b	2.5	8.5	4.6	4.8
25	178	2.8 ± 0.1^c	1.5	6.0	2.7	3.0
29	180	2.5 ± 0.4^d	1.5	5.0	2.5	2.6
33	72	2.2 ± 0.0^e	1.5	3.0	2.1	2.2

温度 Temperature/℃	重复数 Replicate/individual	平均寿命 Mean longevity/d	极小值 Minimum/d	极大值 Maximum/d	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval for mean/d
温度 Temperature/℃	重复数 Replicate/individual	平均寿命 Mean longevity/d	极小值 Minimum/d	极大值 Maximum/d	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound
5	30	57.3 ± 6.5^a	10.0	140.0	44.1	70.6
10	30	57.3 ± 4.6^a	25.0	130.0	48.0	66.7
15	30	70.3 ± 7.1^a	5.0	145.0	55.9	84.8
20	30	34.8 ± 4.5^b	5.0	85.0	25.7	44.0
25	30	18.0 ± 1.8^c	5.0	40.0	14.3	21.8
30	30	10.7 ± 0.8^c	5.0	15.0	9.1	12.2

膨腹体体积 Volume of physogastry/mm³	重复数 Replicate number/individual	平均每雌后代数 Mean fecundity/individual	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maximum	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval for mean
膨腹体体积 Volume of physogastry/mm³	重复数 Replicate number/individual	平均每雌后代数 Mean fecundity/individual	极小值 Minimum	极大值 Maximum	下限 Lower bound	上限 Upper bound
V＜1.0	13	32.2 ± 2.7^d	14.0	44.0	26.3	38.0
1.0≤ V＜2.0	18	55.2 ± 3.2^c	36.0	81.0	48.5	61.9
2.0 ≤ V＜3.0	18	93.3 ± 3.9^b	65.0	125.0	85.1	101.4
V ≥ 3.0	10	110.9 ± 5.3^a	94.0	139.0	98.9	122.9
合计Total	59	71.2 ± 4.2	14.0	139.0	62.8	79.6

[1]	Minjia Wang,Jianren Ye,Yusheng Tu,Fangping Du. Screening of Wood Rot Fungi for Treating the Infected Wood by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(6): 93-102.
[2]	Xiaosui Wen,Dunfu Song,Zhongqi Yang,Zhonghui Wang,Mingqing Shi. Relationships between the Emergence of Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) and the Emergence of the Host Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Pinus massoniana Forests [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(9): 193-200.
[3]	Yechen Li,Yajie Guo,Xiaoqian Weng,Xianyun Lin,Jinliang Chi,Hongying Chen,Songqing Wu,Feiping Zhang. Influence of Landscape Patterns on Population Density of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(8): 80-88.
[4]	Lihua Zhu,Xinyue Zhang,Xinrui Xia,Yu Wan,Shanjun Dai,Jianren Ye. Pathogenicity of Aseptic Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on Pinus massoniana [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(7): 63-69.
[5]	Huijing Fu,Xia Hu,Songqing Wu,Rong Wang,Guanghong Liang,Shiguo Huang,Feiping Zhang. Culture Conditions and Lignin-Degrading Function of Serratia marcescens Living in the Larval Gut of Monochamus alternatus [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(2): 106-115.
[6]	Yefan Cao,Laifa Wang,Xizhuo Wang,Jiehong Fan. Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to Larix olgensis Seedlings [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(11): 108-115.
[7]	Ran He,Xia Cui,Yue Ying,Liangjian Qu,Ruizhen Wang,Yong Zhang. Screening and Identification of Beauveria bassiana Strains for Biocontrol of Monochamus alternatus Adults (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(10): 129-134.
[8]	Yuting Mao,Tao Ma,Laijiao Lan,Xiujun Wen. Advances in Esteya vermicola, A Potential Biocontrol Fungus for Pine Wood Nematode [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(1): 180-190.
[9]	Ye Jianren. Epidemic Status of Pine Wilt Disease in China and Its Prevention and Control Techniques and Counter Measures [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(9): 1-10.
[10]	Yi Runhua, Chen Yujuan, Han Jingyi, Hu Qian, Li Huiqi, Wu Haiyan. Identification and Biological Characteristics of Diaporthe ueckerae Causing Dieback Disease on Michelia shiluensis [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(9): 80-88.
[11]	Wang Hao, Shi Juan, Luo Youqing, Sheng Maoling, Zhou Feng, Zheng Zijin. Survey of Natural Enemies of Sirex noctilio(Hymenoptera: Siricidae)and Biology of the Dominant Parasitoids in China [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(3): 91-96.
[12]	Lin Li, Zhou Lei, Pan Jun, Kang Lipeng, Ye Jianren, Zhu Lihua. Pathogenicity of Aseptic and Germ-Carrying Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on Pinus densiflora [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(5): 82-87.
[13]	Xu Jianxiu, Wu Xiaoqin, Ye Jianren, Zhu Lihua, Wu Jing. Development, Maturation and Germination of Somatic Embryo of Nematode-Resistant Pinus densiflora [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(12): 41-49.
[14]	Wen Xiaosui, Liao Sanla, Tang Yanglong, Yang Zhongqi. Study on the Efficacy of Releasing Dastarcus helophoroides Eggs against Monochamus alternatus in Pine Forests [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(10): 133-138.
[15]	Gao Shangkun, Zhang Yanlong, Tang Yanlong, Yang Zhongqi, Wang Xiaoyi, Lu Jifang, Wang Jian, Situ Chunnan, Fu Fuyong. Overwintering Characteristics and Cold-Hardiness of Biotype of Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) on Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(3): 68-74.

Research on Paracarophenax alternatus Ⅰ. Biological Characteristics

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 0

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

产木编号 No. of production wood	松褐天牛卵数Number of M. alternatus eggs
产木编号 No. of production wood	合计 Total	被寄生 Parasitical	未被寄生 Unparasitical	寄生率 Parasitical rates(%)
1	7	3	4	42.86
2	7	6	1	85.71
3	8	8	0	100.00
4	4	4	0	100.00
5	2	2	0	100.00
6	3	3	0	100.00
7	5	5	0	100.00
8	11	2	9	18.19
9	14	13	1	92.86
10	14	12	2	85.71
11	2	2	0	100.00
12	6	4	2	66.67
13	17	11	6	64.71
14	4	1	3	25.00
15	5	2	3	40.00
16	12	9	3	75.00
17	13	12	1	92.31
18	17	15	2	88.24
19	9	8	1	88.89
20	7	7	0	100.00
21	3	3	0	100.00
22	6	6	0	100.00
23	10	9	1	90.00
24	11	8	3	72.73
25	13	12	1	92.31
合计Total	210	167	43	80.85