处理松材线虫病疫木的木腐真菌筛选

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210610

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to seek a new technology with high efficiency and environmental protection for treating the infected wood of pine wood nematode. Through indoor and field experiments,we screened wood-rot fungi that can effectively degrade the infected trees by pine wood nematode and inhibit the movement of pine wood nematodes in the diseased trees,which would provide basis for the development of new ways to eliminate pine wood nematode infected trees. Method: A total of 19 wood rot fungi were initially screened from the decaying pine samples using selective medium. Approximately 2 000 pine wood nematodes were co-cultured on different kinds of wood rot fungi,and the strains that could inhibit the growth and reproduction of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were screened out. The decomposing ability of wood rot fungi to pine was determined by measuring the weight loss rate of Pinus thunbergii infected by wood rot fungi. A field experiment was carried out to select the strains which can effectively inhibit the propagation of B. xylophilus and degrade pine wood. The nematode-infected trees were inoculated with the liquid shaking culture mycelium. After four months of treatment,the number of pine wood nematodes in the whole section of the infected trees was analyzed. From May to June,the wood samples (0.5-1 cm) around the pupal chamber of longicorn beetles were collected to analyze the number of B. xylophilus in the wood samples around the pupal chamber. At the same time,the eclosion longicorn beetles were regularly captured in the wire mesh cover to analyze the number of nematodes carried by the eclosion longicorn. Result: Seven strains of wood rot fungi with strong ability to inhibit the propagation of B. xylophilus and degrade wood were screened out in the laboratory. After 8 days of culture on the plate of strain J5-2 out of the 7 strains,only 18±10 nematodes were isolated from each plate,while no B. xylophilus was isolated from the plates of Laetiporus sulphureus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Among the tested strains,L. sulphureus had the strongest ability to degrade pine wood. After 4 months of infection,the weight loss rate of samples reached 22.82%,followed by strain S4,which caused 21.68% loss of wood block weight. The field experiment showed that the number of B. xylophilus in infected wood was reduced after inoculation with 7 kinds of wood rot fungi for four months. Strain J5-2,L. sulphureus and strain S4 were able to reduce the number of nematodes in pupal chamber by more than 65%,and the number of nematodes carried by longicorn beetles was less than 200 per head. Strain J5-2 had the best killing effect and reduced the number of nematodes by 72%. The average number of B. xylophilus per longicorn beetle was only 15±4,and the maximum carrying capacity was only 60. Strain J5-2 was identified as Ceriporia. Conclusion: Strain J5-2,L. sulphureus and P. ostreatus have obvious inhibition effect on B. xylophilus. L. sulphureus and strain S4 have strong ability to degrade wood. After treatment,strain J5-2,L. sulphureus and S4 have the best effect,and they can reduce the number of nematodes by more than 65%. The utilization of wood rot fungi is a promising way to deal with pine wood nematode-infected wood in situ,which is worthy of further study.

Key words: pine wilt disease, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, diseased wood treatment, wood rot fungi, Monochamus alternatus

CLC Number:

S763

Minjia Wang,Jianren Ye,Yusheng Tu,Fangping Du. Screening of Wood Rot Fungi for Treating the Infected Wood by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(6): 93-102.

Figures/Tables 7

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菌株编号 Strain number	PDA愈创木酚平板氧化带直径 Oxidation zone diameters of different fungi on PDA-guaiacol medium/mm	PDA苯胺蓝平板脱色圈直径 Discolored zone diameters of different fungi on PDA-aniline blue medium/mm	CMC-Na平板水解圈与菌落直径比值 The ratio of clear zones diameter to colony diameter of different fungi on CMC-Na medium
J5-2	45.63±0.24 e	51.56±0.71 c	—
J22	36.20±0.12 g	53.54±0.26 c	—
J46	68.10±0.92 b	—	1.00±0.00 d
J48-1	—	—	1.11±0.02 d
H12	25.10±0.01 i	34.16±1.16 d	1.61±0.01 a
S1	—	—	1.12±0.03 d
S4	41.20±0.02 f	72.03±0.48 a	—
S8	—	72.35±0.38 a	1.06±0.02 d
S10	—	—	1.07±0.08 d
S14	32.60±0.02 h	51.65±0.19 c	1.05±0.02 d
S17	—	—	1.67±0.01 a
W4	67.12±0.04 b	31.62±0.93 e	1.32±0.02 c
W9	—	—	1.52±0.17 ab
W15	78.64±0.03 a	—	1.67±0.03 a
X4	50.92±0.02 d	—	1.37±0.01 c
Z1	36.01±0.06 g	—	1.14±0.02 d
Z17	42.70±0.09 f	—	1.14±0.03 d
Z25	56.12±0.01 c	59.80±1.67 b	—
Z43	—	72.20±0.32 a	—

处理 Treatment	天牛数量 Number of M. alternatus	线虫携带率 PWN carrier rate(%)	天牛平均携带线虫数量 Average amount of PWN carried by each M. alternatus	天牛携带线虫数量范围 The range of PWN population carried by each M. alternatus
CK	32	90.62	4 396±1 143 a	120~23 400
糙皮侧耳P.ostreatus	24	81.82	641±130 b	130~1 860
X4	27	55.56	149±36 b	29~394
W15	25	56.00	140±43 b	10~540
Z25	23	65.22	84±30 b	10~387
S4	25	48.00	64±19 b	7~190
硫磺菌L.sulphureus	28	57.14	55±6 b	10~85
J5-2	30	60.00	15±4 b	5~60

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Screening of Wood Rot Fungi for Treating the Infected Wood by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

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