核桃矿质营养研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210119

Abstract

Abstract:

Walnut is the most widely cultivated nut tree species, as well as an important woody oil crop in the world. In recent years, the cultivation scale of walnut in China has expanded rapidly, but the yield per unit area is relatively low. Inadequate nutrient management measures are one of the major reasons. In this paper, we review the literature relevant to walnut production at home and abroad, summarize the research results of walnut mineral nutrition, and clarify the suitable soil environment and mineral nutrition characteristics of walnut growth, and the nutritional functions and abundance and deficiency effects of essential mineral elements in walnut, so as to provide reference for improving quality and efficiency of walnut industry through high-efficiency nutrient management and fertilization practice. Walnut has a strong adaptability to the soil environment, and even the ameliorated soil with strong acid, strong alkali and high salt can also produce high yield. Walnut production has a relatively high demand for mineral nutrients, and the contents of marcoelements in adult trees are in the order of Ca, N, K, Mg, P and S. The abundance and deficiency standards of major mineral elements in adult walnut trees were sorted out according to the content of the elements in midsummer leaves, and the physiological disease symptoms caused by nutrient stress and their occurrence period were described. N, P and K deficiency can significantly affect the growth of young trees. The increase of some non-physiological diseases may be related to the abnormal nutrition of P and Ca. Walnut is sensitive to B and Cl, and their excessive supply is easy to cause toxicity. It has been proved that N, K, Ca, B, Zn and Cu are closely related to the quality and yield of walnut, however the roles of P, Mg, Fe and Mn need to be further clarified. Based on the analysis of the research difficulties in walnut mineral nutrition and the summary of the working experience in developed countries, some research and practice suggestions on walnut mineral nutrition in China are put forward.

Key words: walnut, mineral nutrition, growth, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S718.43

Zhengrong Gong,Yifeng Wang,Han Wang,Wei Li,Mingjian Geng,Wenming Zhang,Lu Liu. Research Progress on Mineral Nutrition of Walnut[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(1): 178-190.

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年度 Year	‘Serr’(8 a)				‘Hartley’(10 a)
	叶片N Leaf N (%DW)		产量Yield (kg·plant^-1)		叶片N Leaf N (%DW)		产量Yield (kg·plant^-1)
	+ N	- N	+ N	- N	+ N	- N	+ N	- N
1984^②	-	-	11.3	10.4	-	-	-	-
1985	3.05	2.29	24.5	9.5 ^⑤	2.79	2.52	38.6	33.1
1986	2.79	2.04	15.0	5.9 ^⑤	2.83	-	44.0	40.8
1987	2.61	2.57 ^③	52.6	34.5 ^⑤	2.73	2.20	34.0	29.5
1988	2.75	2.78	40.4	37.2	2.76	2.30	33.1	24.5 ^⑤
1989	2.90	-^⑥	47.2	-^⑥	2.79	2.76 ^④	41.3	36.7
1990	2.62	-^⑥	26.3	-^⑥	2.82	2.90	49.0	45.8

来源 Sources	缺乏 Deficiency	偏低 Below normal	适宜 Normal	偏高 Above normal	过量 Excess
Beutel et al., 1879	< 20	21~35	36~200	201~300	> 300
Childers, 1966	7~35		35~300		> 300
Weir et al., 1993		20	25~100
Childers, 1995			35~200
Olsen, 2006	< 60	60~85	86~150	151~200	> 200

来源 Sources	缺乏 Deficiency	偏低 Below normal	适宜 Normal	偏高 Above normal	过量 Excess
Beutel et al., 1879; Olcott et al., 2007	< 18
Chandler et al., 1934	11~22		16~30
Weir et al., 1993		15~18	20~200	380
Childers, 1995			20~200
Michael, 2003	< 10		25~100
Olsen, 2006	< 10	10~15	16~60	61~100	> 100
Prakash, 2013	< 15

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Research Progress on Mineral Nutrition of Walnut

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