河西走廊西段荒漠戈壁灌木群落物种多样性的海拔格局

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210217

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: The altitudinal patterns of distribution of structural characteristics of shrub communities in the western part of Hexi Corridor was analyzed in order to explore the spatial distribution patterns of species diversity in shrub communities in desert gobi. Method: 12 plots were set up in the shrub communities within an altitudinal range of 800-3 200 m in the desert gobi to investigate the changes of species diversity along elevation. Result: From low to high altitudes, the types of shrub communities were in turn Calligonum mongolicum + Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria sphaerocarpa, C. mongolicum + N. sphaerocarpa, N. sphaerocarpa + Reaumuria soongarica + C. mongolicum + Ephedra przewalskii, Sympegma regelii + R. soongarica, N. sphaerocarpa + R. songarica, S. regelii + Kalidium foliatum + R. soongarica, Ajania fruticulosa + K. gracile, S. regelii, K. foliatum, K. foliatum + R. soongarica, R. soongarica, among which R.soongarica, S. regelii and N. sphaerocarpa were dominant species with large distribution range, playing an important role in the desert gobi ecosystem. The α diversity index showed a unimodal distribution pattern that increased first and then decreased along the altitudinal gradient, with the maximum value occurred at 2 000-2 200 m. The richness index (Gleason, Margalef) and the diversity index (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson) showed a significant unimodal pattern with the altitudinal gradient (P < 0.05). The vertical distribution pattern of diversity in the shrub communities in desert gobi was significantly affected by the altitudes (P < 0.05). Although the mean annual precipitation and the mean temperature were extremely significantly correlated with the altitude (P < 0.01), the correlation between species diversity and precipitation or temperature was not significant (P>0.05). The species diversity indices of desert gobi shrub communities were low, with simple structure and few species. Most Jaccard similarity levels of different shrub communities were low between altitudinal gradients. Conclusion: The distribution pattern of desert gobi shrub community was patchiness in regional scale in West Hexi Corridor. The constructive species of shrub communities changed within different altitudinal gradients. The distribution pattern of species diversity was unimodal on the altitudinal gradients, which rose first and then descend. This study will help to understand the spatial distribution pattern of shrub communities in arid region, and provide a basis for scientific conservation and management.

Key words: desert gobi, shrub community, species diversity, altitudinal gradient, environmental factor

CLC Number:

S781.5

Xue Dong, Yonghua Li, Zhiming Xin, Ruibing Duan, bin Yao, Yanfeng Bao, Zhengguo Zhang, Yuan Liu. Patterns of Altitudinal Distribution of Species Diversity of Desert Gobi Shrub Communities in West Hexi Corridor of China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(2): 168-178.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Species composition and its importance value in different elevation gradient shrub community"

物种Species	海拔梯度Elevation gradient /m
物种Species	800~1 000	1 000~1 200	1 200~1 400	1 400~1 600	1 600~1 800	1 800~2 000	2 000~2 200	2 200~2 400	2 400~2 600	2 600~2 800	2 800~3 000	3 000~3 200
红砂Reaumuria songarica	0.017	0.010	0.074	0.184	0.214	0.204	0.143	0.041	0.210	0.216	0.264	0.428
合头草Sympegma regelii		0.009	0.008	0.108	0.228	0.132	0.223	0.053	0.406	0.126	0.080
泡泡刺Nitraria sphaerocarpa	0.075	0.619	0.267	0.189	0.103	0.226	0.021		0.181
膜果麻黄Ephedra przewalskii	0.099	0.044	0.013	0.156	0.058	0.053	0.088	0.005	0.086
盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum	0.006			0.005	0.023	0.123	0.182	0.156		0.337	0.446
沙拐枣Calligonum mongolicum	0.302	0.051	0.318	0.161	0.004
梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron	0.257	0.100	0.070	0.038	0.035
霸王Sarcozygium xanthoxylon	0.048			0.045	0.022	0.015	0.012		0.021
柽柳Tamarix chinensis	0.096	0.150	0.096		0.005
灌木亚菊Ajania fruticulosa					0.015	0.004	0.037	0.358		0.047		0.146
裸果木Gymnocarpos przewalskii		0.011		0.010	0.043	0.015	0.004		0.016	0.047
紫菀木Asterothamnus alyssoides		0.007			0.057	0.020	0.017	0.014	0.034	0.062		0.031
灌木铁线莲Clematis fruticosa				0.009	0.018	0.003			0.011
蓍状亚菊Ajania achilloides				0.011	0.050	0.052	0.053			0.066	0.097	0.186
短叶假木贼Anabasis brevifolia			0.061	0.029	0.052	0.015
松叶猪毛菜Salsola laricifolia			0.007	0.005	0.001			0.045
细枝盐爪爪Kalidium gracile				0.016	0.039	0.107	0.250		0.089	0.113	0.210
驼绒藜Ceratoide slatens				0.012	0.008	0.002	0.044	0.041
毛刺锦鸡儿Caragana tibetica				0.007	0.011	0.047
刺叶柄棘豆Oxytropis aciphylla					0.002	0.002
黑沙蒿Artemisia ordosica					0.002	0.008	0.002
骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia			0.154	0.012
小叶金露梅Potentilla parvifolia							0.082
大果白刺Nitraria roborowskii	0.023
盐穂木Halostachys caspica	0.020
尖叶盐爪爪Kalidium cuspidatum	0.021
珍珠猪毛菜Salsola passerina	0.023
沙木蓼Atraphaxis bracteata					0.004
白沙蒿Artemisia sphaerocephala	0.014				0.007
荒漠锦鸡儿Caragana roborovskyi				0.017	0.024
旱蒿Artemisia xerophytica					0.023
木本猪毛菜Salsola arbuscula				0.015

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 3

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海拔梯度 Elevation gradient/m	样地数量 Sample number	平均灌木高 Mean shrub height/cm	平均冠幅 Mean crown diameter/m²	灌木密度 Shrub density/hm^-2	盖度 Coverage(%)	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation/mm	年均温度 Mean annual temperature/℃
800~1 000	6	97.33±13.33	0.77±0.07	1.13±0.14	4.34±0.63	38.02±6.80	9.22±0.91
1 000~1 200	10	49.09±6.72	1.17±0.10	0.97±0.12	5.69±0.83	48.69±8.71	8.33±0.72
1 200~1 400	6	57.21±7.84	0.59±0.05	4.32±0.52	12.73±1.86	66.51±11.90	7.12±0.62
1 400~1 600	10	48.04±6.58	0.35±0.03	3.02±0.36	5.34±0.78	67.22±12.03	6.51±0.57
1 600~1 800	10	29.15±3.99	0.30±0.03	7.04±0.84	10.68±1.56	85.67±15.33	6.14±0.53
1 800~2 000	9	33.53±4.59	0.34±0.03	6.04±0.72	10.15±1.48	97.09±17.37	5.79±5.51
2 000~2 200	7	21.80±2.99	0.29±0.03	10.06±1.21	14.50±2.12	111.60±19.97	5.03±0.44
2 200~2 400	5	14.99±2.05	0.18±0.02	25.10±3.01	23.20±3.39	178.20±30.26	3.32±0.29
2 400~2 600	5	25.81±3.54	0.13±0.01	14.23±1.71	9.41±1.37	170.10±25.69	3.20±0.28
2 600~2 800	5	16.98±2.33	0.10±0.01	30.78±3.69	15.03±2.19	210.72±33.58	2.52±0.19
2 800~3 000	4	19.62±2.69	0.09±0.01	29.76±3.57	13.97±2.04	215.64±30.89	2.52±0.22
3 000~3 200	5	14.59±2.01	0.09±0.01	28.12±3.37	12.44±1.82	228.53±31.59	2.54±0.25

项目 Item	海拔 Elevation	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation	年均气温 Mean annual temperature
Gleason指数Gleason index	0.315^**	0.461^**	0.581^**	0.039	-0.108
Margalef指数Margalef index	0.333^**	0.304^**	0.523^**	0.102	-0.055
Pielou指数Pielou index	0.330^**	0.454^**	0.524^**	0.089	-0.106
Mclntosh指数Mclntosh index	0.352^**	0.359^**	0.344^**	0.103	-0.075
Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index	0.330^**	0.454^**	0.524^**	0.089	-0.106
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.289^**	0.412^**	0.438^**	0.091	-0.090
海拔Elevation	1.000
经度Longitude	0.361^**	1.000
纬度Latitude	-0.152	0.527^**	1.000
年均降水量Mean annual precipitation	0.870^**	0.387^**	-0.354^**	1.000
年均气温Mean annual temperature	-0.820^**	-0.333^**	0.321^**	-0.850^**	1.000

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Patterns of Altitudinal Distribution of Species Diversity of Desert Gobi Shrub Communities in West Hexi Corridor of China

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