采伐胁迫对大兴安岭针阔混交林地表节肢动物群落的长期影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201220

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: Logging used to be one of the main human disturbance activities in the Daxing'anling Mountains. This study aimed to provide a basis for maintaining the forest soil fauna ecosystem stability by investigating the effects of severe harvest cutting on the ground-dwelling arthropod community in coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests in the Daxing'anling Mountains. Method: In the beginning of June and the end of August, 2017, we investigated the response of ground-dwelling arthropods to cutting disturbance by pitfall traps in natural secondary Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla mixed forests (referred to as CK), the deforested land where the forest was cut about 10 to 15 years ago (referred to as A), and the deforested land that was logged more than 30 years ago (referred to as B) in Songling Forest Station, the eastern part of the Daxing'anling Mountains. Result: During the study period, a total of 78 924 individual arthropods were captured with 1 458 pitfalls in the early of June and the end of August 2017, belonging to 109 groups of 70 families, 16 orders, 6 classes, 94 genera, and 1 unidentified. The dominant groups were Tetramorium, Onychiurus, Hypogastrura, and Sminthurinus. Compared to CK, the number of fungivorous group of ground-dwelling arthropods were significantly decreased due to severe deforestation disturbance, and they were significantly more in June than August (P < 0.05). The number of omnivorous group was also decreased in severe deforestation plots (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between June and August (P>0.05). The data analysis showed that the number of macro ground-dwelling arthropods and the groups of meso- and micro-sized arthropods were significantly decreased under harvesting stress (P < 0.05), which was significantly affected by sampling time (P < 0.05). The Shannon-Wiener index(H'), Pielou index(J_s) of macro arthropods in A and B were significantly higher than that in CK (P < 0.05), and the H', J_s of meso and micro arthropods in June were significantly higher than August (P < 0.05). The Jaccard index analysis indicated that the community of A was most similar to B, and there was a low similarity between B and CK. Besides, the Petraitis niche overlap index of ground-dwelling arthropods was increased on account of deforestation, indicating that the utilization of resources by ground-dwelling arthropods had become abundant, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient showed that harvesting caused apparent differentiation of ground-dwelling arthropods community composition, and the community composition of soil arthropods community in logged area had high similarity, and that greatly differed from natural secondary area, indicating that the variation of ground-dwelling arthropods community between deforestation and natural secondary forest could be persisted for a long time. Partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) suggested that the community was mainly affected by the thickness of litter, ground temperature, and humidity. Conclusion: The composition and diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods community are affected by deforestation. Compared to the natural secondary forests (CK), the groups of ground-dwelling arthropods are significantly decreased with the increase of harvesting years, and the indexes of H', J_s are both significantly increased. The niche breadth of partial common group has changed due to harvesting stress, and the variation of niche overlap index of partial group is considerable, but the common niche overlap index is still low. The composition of ground-dwelling arthropods community in logged area greatly differs from natural secondary area, and there is no significant difference of soil arthropod communities diversity between the two logged areas, indicating that the effect of logging on soil arthropod communities is long standing. The ground-dwelling arthropods community is mainly affected by litter thickness, ground temperature, and humidity.

Key words: ground-dwelling arthropods, diversity, harvesting disturbance, niche, Songling area

CLC Number:

S718.69

Jing Wang,Yusong Jin,Yongjie Huang,Huiren Li,Fangrui Liu,Xueshuang Liu,Lizhong Wang,Dandan Liu,Yinghua Lin. Long-Term Effects of Cutting on Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Community in Coniferous and Broadleaf Mixed Forests in the Daxing'anling Mountains[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(12): 177-186.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

The majority composition of ground-dwelling arthropods at disturbance of deforestation"

编号No.	类群 Taxa	类型 Type	6月June			8月August			Perc.	Deg	Gui
编号No.	类群 Taxa	类型 Type	CK	A	B	CK	A	B	Perc.	Deg	Gui
1	步甲属Carabus	Macro	31	6	63	72	63	372	2.08	**	Pr
2	脊胸隐翅虫属Anotylus		28	224	118	21	118	915	4.88	**	Pr
3	婪步甲属Harpalus		250	293	266	51	266	77	4.12	**	Pr
4	小蕈甲属Microsternus		12	4	3	374	3	5	1.37	**	S
5	叶蝉属Scaphoideus		105	170	122	98	122	109	2.49	**	S
6	弓背蚁属Camponotus		472	90	42	143	42	245	3.54	**	S
7	毛蚁属Lasius		64	348	19	17	19	1	1.6	**	Ph
8	铺道蚁属Tetramorium		4 681	2 252	1 935	2 486	1 935	1 360	50.22	***	F
9	蚁属Formica		0	783	147	7	147	347	4.91	**	Ph
10	安蛛属Anahita		273	212	217	25	217	23	3.32	**	Ph
11	红螯蛛属Chiracanthium		214	775	89	175	89	8	4.63	**	O
12	佐蛛属Zora		520	866	111	77	111	47	5.94	**	F
13	齿棘圆跳属Arrhopalites	Meso/micro	306	798	391	42	1	31	3.15	**	F
14	等节跳属Isotoma		27	131	218	33	137	277	1.65	**	Ph
15	钩圆跳属Bourletiella		16	0	0	871	1 003	816	5.44	**	F
16	棘跳属Onychiurus		1 240	819	552	7 108	6 885	3 276	39.95	***	Ph
17	鳞跳属Tomocerus		13	215	11	162	772	188	2.74	**	Pr
18	鳞长跳属Lepidocyrtus		117	761	590	100	264	340	4.37	**	O
19	球角跳属Hypogastrura		1 809	2 113	690	682	332	365	12.04	***	Pr
20	小圆跳属Sminthurinus		108	2 092	3 098	9	10	20	10.73	***	Ph
21	长跳属Entomobrya		126	1 009	1 177	148	571	1 082	8.27	**	O
22	弓奥甲螨属Arcoppia		50	196	78	117	265	43	1.51	**	O
23	小甲螨属Oribatella		63	56	143	450	516	405	3.28	**	O
24	异绒螨属Allothrombium		510	169	42	25	11	8	1.54	**	O
总计Total	个体数Individuals	Macro	2 414±544	2 234±258	1 160±256	1 347±404	1 380±183	1 407±189
	类群数Groups	Meso/micro	1 814±408	2 942±517	2 423±886	3 367±827	3 702±1 546	2 323±250
		Marco	48±7	44±1	39±6	42±6	40±2	40±3
		Meso/micro	22±2	20±1	19±1	19±2	17±1	15±2
群落多样性 Community diversity	多样性指数H′ Shannon-Weiner index H′	Macro	1.59±0.38	2.24±0.11	1.93±0.06	1.85±0.61	2.35±0.24	2.32±0.14
	多样性指数H′ Shannon-Weiner index H′	Micro/meso	2.12±0.10	2.10±0.02	1.85±0.06	1.26±0.22	1.54±0.41	1.73±0.20
	优势度指数C Simpson index C	Macro	0.43±0.15	0.19±0.05	0.33±0.02	0.38±0.18	0.21±0.08	0.18±0.04
	优势度指数C Simpson index C	Micro/meso	0.19±0.02	0.17±0.01	0.24±0.04	0.50±0.11	0.38±0.00	0.28±0.07
	均匀性指数J_s Pielou index J_s	Macro	0.41±0.09	0.59±0.03	0.53±0.02	0.48±0.14	0.63±0.06	0.62±0.03
	均匀性指数J_s Pielou index J_s	Micro/meso	0.68±0.05	0.71±0.01	0.63±0.03	0.43±0.09	0.55±0.00	0.63±0.06

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

The niche breadth and niche overlap of majority ground-dwelling arthropods"

编号No.	类群Taxa	CK	A	B
1	步甲属Carabus	0.628 9±0.055 9^a	0.587 1±0.057 1^a	0.760 1±0.010 7 0^b
2	脊胸隐翅虫属Anotylus	0.756 1±0.018 1^a	0.468 2±0.019 3^b	0.766 4±0.019 8^c
3	婪步甲属Harpalus	0.746 4±0.043 8^a	0.728 9±0.003 4^a	0.727 4±0.015 5^a
4	小蕈甲属Microsternus	0.348 8±0.090 2^a	0.721 7±0.022 6^b	0.136 3±0.118 0^c
5	叶蝉属Scaphoideus	0.717 3±0.026 0^a	0.687 5±0.073 5^a	0.716 2±0.044 4^a
6	弓背蚁属Camponotus	0.405 0±0.353 5^a	0.652 9±0.083 2^a	0.641 9±0.077 7^a
7	毛蚁属Lasius	0.565 1±0.049 6^a	0.227 9±0.207 0^a	0.221 4±0.200 8^a
8	铺道蚁属Tetramorium	0.772 2±0.045 5^a	0.806 6±0.027 2^a	0.797 6±0.017 8^a
9	蚁属Formica	0.372 3±0.223 1^a	0.102 3±0.177 1^a	0.328 0±0.131 8^a
10	安蛛属Anahita	0.628 3±0.087 4^a	0.693 3±0.036 2^a	0.722 6±0.041 4^a
11	红螯蛛属Chiracanthium	0.766 8±0.007 1^a	0.568 2±0.050 6^b	0.574 3±0.035 9^c
12	佐蛛属Zora	0.803 8±0.001 4^a	0.780 7±0.029 1^a	0.663 5±0.029 6^b
13	齿棘圆跳属Arrhopalites	0.763 8±0.044 6^a	0.607 7±0.162 4^a	0.550 8±0.159 0^a
14	等节跳属Isotoma	0.713 4±0.017 1^a	0.456 4±0.063 5^a	0.721 4±0.034 8^b
15	钩圆跳属Bourletiella	0.744 4±0.007 8^a	0.738 5±0.025 9^a	0.712 7±0.078 9^a
16	棘跳属Onychiurus	0.794 3±0.022 2^a	0.782 8±0.015 6^a	0.872 4±0.105 2^a
17	鳞跳属Tomocerus	0.794 3±0.019 1^a	0.621 4±0.036 3^b	0.672 7±0.017 4^c
18	鳞长跳属Lepidocyrtus	0.810 6±0.017 9^a	0.680 2±0.022 5^a	0.795 8±0.016 7^b
19	球角跳属Hypogastrura	0.830 1±0.016 4^a	0.816 0±0.012 3^a	0.792 0±0.024 2^a
20	小圆跳属Sminthurinus	0.777 9±0.010 5^a	0.492 8±0.218 1^a	0.800 8±0.017 4^b
21	长跳属Entomobrya	0.826 6±0.007 4^a	0.712 1±0.061 4^a	0.833 2±0.004 1^b
22	弓奥甲螨属Arcoppia	0.768 5±0.007 4^a	0.609 8±0.038 2^b	0.640 9±0.023 9^a
23	小甲螨属Oribatella	0.754 0±0.026 8^a	0.745 2±0.042 0^a	0.758 5±0.021 9^a
24	异绒螨属Allothrombium	0.646 4±0.050 9^a	0.723 4±0.072 5^a	0.498 4±0.026 4^b
生态位重叠指数Niche overlap index		0.008 1±0.002 9^a	0.066 5±0.088 9^a	0.008 7±0.000 5^a

Table 4

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

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概况 Survey		对照样地 CK	重度采伐10~15年样地 Logged 10-15 years ago(A)	重度采伐30年样地 Logged 30 years ago(B)
地理位置Location		124°43′39.74″E 50°54′04.18″N	124°20′51.51″E 50°58′58.83″N	124°20′03.99″E 50°59′16.36″N
海拔Altitude/m		475	485	493
林下主要植物 Main understory plants		绣线菊Spiraea sp.，苔草Carex sp.，种阜草Moehringia sp.，兴安鹿蹄草Pyrola dahurica，小叶章Deyeuxia angustifolia，三棱草Bolboschoenus sp.	绣线菊Spiraea sp.，苔草Carex sp.，兴安鹿蹄草Pyrola dahurica	绣线菊Spiraea sp.，苔草Carex sp.，小叶章Deyeuxia angustifolia
样方内乔木株数 Number of trees in the plot(20 m×20 m)		白桦Betula platyphylla 37，兴安落叶松Larix gmelinii 31	白桦B. platyphylla 15，兴安落叶松L. gmelinii 27	白桦B. platyphylla 10，兴安落叶松L. gmelinii 19
凋落物厚度Litter thickness/cm		3.41±0.09	3.45±0.24	2.58±0.07
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content(0~20 cm)/(g·kg^-1)	6月June	66.35±6.55	38.01±6.43	69.38±23.78
土壤有机质含量Soil organic matter content(0~20 cm)/(g·kg^-1)	8月August	65.73±8.91	39.48±0.83	51.43±6.58
土壤pH Soil(0-20 cm) pH	6月June	5.24±0.02	5.92±0.08	5.89±0.18
土壤pH Soil(0-20 cm) pH	8月August	5.15±0.07	5.80±0.04	5.96±0.11
土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃	6月June	5.85±0.50	4.66±0.23	9.63±1.42
土壤温度 Soil temperature/℃	8月August	16.64±0.70	17.11±0.22	18.41±0.32
土壤湿度 Soil moisture(%)	6月June	90.37±4.32	95.33±1.87	84.18±0.40
土壤湿度 Soil moisture(%)	8月August	76.79±6.50	93.64±0.21	77.83±6.89

类别 Type		整体Total		6月June		8月August
类别 Type		B	CK	B	CK	B	CK
整体 Total	A	83/0.892 5	82/0.738 7	70/0.786 5	69/0.683 2	64/0.800 0	64/0.727 3
整体 Total	B		80/0.733 9		64/0.621 4		65/0.764 7
大型 Macro	A	60/0.882 4	59/0.710 8	48/0.727 3	48/0.657 5	47/0.770 5	47/0.723 1
大型 Macro	B		57/0.703 7		44/0.586 7		48/0.774 2
中小型 Meso/micro	A	23/0.920 0	23/0.821 4	22/0.956 5	21/0.750 0	17/0.894 7	17/0.739 1
中小型 Meso/micro	B		23/0.821 4		20/0.714 3		17/0.739 1

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Long-Term Effects of Cutting on Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Community in Coniferous and Broadleaf Mixed Forests in the Daxing'anling Mountains

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