我国陆地生态系统碳汇的研究进展和提升挑战与路径

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220666

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

巩固和提升陆地生态系统碳汇能力和潜力是缓解全球CO₂浓度上升和气候变暖的重要手段，也是实现我国“碳中和”目标的主要途径之一。为全面了解我国陆地生态系统碳汇功能及科学制定“碳中和”目标实施路径和行动方案，本研究总结我国森林、灌丛、草地、荒漠、湿地和农田生态系统碳源/汇的研究现状和趋势，阐述我国陆地生态系统碳汇提升面临的挑战及解决路径。近40年来，我国陆地生态系统表现为重要的碳汇，碳汇强度时空差异明显：从1980—2000年的0.17 Pg·a^?1（1 Pg=1×10¹⁵ g）增至2001—2010年的0.20 Pg·a^?1，预计2050—2060年将达0.46~0.49 Pg·a^?1；整体上呈现东、南部高，西、北部低的空间格局。我国陆地生态系统各子系统碳源/汇特征也表现不同：森林是碳汇的主体，灌丛、湿地和农田表现出碳汇趋势，但草地和荒漠的碳源/汇特征尚不明确。我国陆地生态系统未来碳汇潜力巨大，但仍存在较大不确定性，主要面临3方面问题，即国土生态空间有限、固碳能力亟待提升、政策机制与配套措施不完善。今后，我国陆地生态系统碳汇提升应从以下4个方面开展深入研究：1）优化生态空间布局，科学实施生态修复；2）科学认知生态系统碳汇形成机制，提升生态系统固碳能力；3）加强生态系统碳汇调查、监测、核算以及标准规范能力建设；4）探索生态碳汇价值实现机制与路径。

关键词: 陆地生态系统, 碳汇提升, 挑战, 路径

Abstract:

Consolidating and enhancing the carbon sink capacity and potential of terrestrial ecosystems is an important approach to mitigate the rise of carbon dioxide concentration and climate warming, and it is also one of the main ways to achieve China’s goal of “carbon neutrality”. To comprehensively understand the carbon sink of China’s terrestrial ecosystems and scientifically make the implementation pathways and action plans for the “carbon neutrality” goal, this review summarized the research progress on carbon sinks in the forest, shrub, grassland, desert, wetland, and farmland ecosystems, and the challenges and pathways to enhancing carbon sink in China’s terrestrial ecosystems. In the past 40 years, China’s terrestrial ecosystems have become an important carbon sink with obviously spatiotemporal difference in carbon sink intensity. The intensity increased from 0.17 Pg·a^?1 (1 Pg = 1×10¹⁵ g) during 1980—2000 to 0.20 Pg·a^?1 during 2001—2010, and is expected to reach 0.46-0.49 Pg·a^?1 during 2050—2060. The overall carbon sink intensity in eastern and southern China is higher than that in western and northern China. The carbon source/sink characteristics of various subsystems of China’s terrestrial ecosystems are also different: forests are the major carbon sink, while shrubland, wetland, and farmland have carbon sink trends, however, whether the grassland and desert have the carbon source or sink characteristics remains unclear. Overall, China’s terrestrial ecosystem has a huge potential for carbon sink in the future but there are great uncertainties. It mainly faces three types of challenges: the ecological space is limited, the carbon sequestration capacity urgently needs to be improved, and the policy mechanisms and supporting measures need to be further improved. In the future, we should carry out an in-depth study on carbon sinks of China’s terrestrial ecosystems from the following four aspects: 1）optimizing layouts of ecological spaces and scientifically implementing ecological restoration; 2）further understanding the formation mechanisms of carbon sink and improving the carbon sequestration capacity; 3）strengthening the capacity construction in investigation, monitoring, accounting and standards specification of ecosystem carbon sinks, and 4）exploring the mechanisms and pathways for realizing the value of ecological carbon sink products.

Key words: terrestrial ecosystem, enhancing carbon sink, challenge, pathway

中图分类号:

S718.5
Q149

简尊吉,朱建华,王小艺,肖文发. 我国陆地生态系统碳汇的研究进展和提升挑战与路径[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(3): 12-20.

Zunji Jian,Jianhua Zhu,Xiaoyi Wang,Wenfa Xiao. Research Progress and the Enhancement Challenges and Pathways of Carbon Sinks in China’s Terrestrial Ecosystems[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 12-20.

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