森林碳汇助力碳中和的几点认识

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220681

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林碳汇不是“杯水车薪” ，而是国之重器，森林碳汇功能及其对碳中和的贡献已成为全球共识，森林碳汇的形成、提升、监测、计量、核证、交易等已成为科学研究和社会发展的重要领域。本研究探讨人类文明进程中的人碳关系变化特点，梳理森林碳汇全链条中的一些基本问题，包括森林定义对碳汇计量的影响，森林碳的源-汇关系，碳汇计量边界，碳汇的监测、报告和核算，以及碳汇项目开发、碳汇交易的基本要求等，分析我国森林碳汇提升面临的挑战、潜力和路径。研究认为，要进一步加强森林碳汇科技创新体系建设，深入认识生态修复、森林经营、森林利用过程中的碳汇机制；要进一步优化与森林生态系统碳循环相关的社会制度和规则、技术和文化体系的设计和应用，支撑国家碳达峰碳中和战略实施和生态文明发展。

关键词: 森林碳汇, 监测与核算, 增汇减排, 干扰, 碳汇交易, 森林认证, 生态产品价值实现, 科技创新

Abstract:

Forest carbon sinks are not "a drop in the bucket", but a tool of national importance, the forest carbon sink and its contribution to carbon neutrality have become a global consensus. The formation, promotion, monitoring, measurement, verification, and trading of forest carbon sinks have become an important field of scientific research and social development. Firstly, the characteristics of the human-carbon relationship during the course of human civilization were explored. Secondly, some basic problems in the whole chain of forest carbon sinks are discussed, including the impact of forest definition on carbon sink measurement, carbon source-sink conversion in forests, the boundary of carbon sink measurement, the monitoring, reporting, and accounting of carbon sink, as well as the basic requirements of carbon sink project development and carbon sink trade. etc. The challenges, potential, and paths of forest carbon sink enhancement in China also were analyzed in this review, and it is believed that we should further strengthen the construction of scientific and technological innovation systems for forest carbon sequestration to better understand the carbon sequestration mechanism in the process of ecological restoration, forest management, and forest utilization. It is necessary to further optimize the design and application of social institutions and rules, technologies, and cultural systems related to the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems, to support the implementation of the national "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" strategy and the development of ecological civilization.

Key words: forest carbon sink, monitoring and accounting, increasing carbon sink and reducing emission, disturbance, carbon sink trading, forest certification, value realization of ecological products, scientific and technological innovation

中图分类号:

S718.5

肖文发,朱建华,曾立雄,简尊吉,雷蕾. 森林碳汇助力碳中和的几点认识[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(3): 1-11.

Wenfa Xiao,Jianhua Zhu,Lixiong Zeng,Zunji Jian,Lei Lei. Several Perspectives on Forest Carbon Sink for Promoting Carbon Neutrality[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(3): 1-11.

图/表 3

图1

表1

不同研究评估的我国森林碳汇和碳储量结果"

时段 Period	指标Indicator	数据来源与方法 Data source and method	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
1970s—1998	生物质碳累积速率 Biomass carbon accumulation rate	资源清查和田间调查 Resource inventory and field measurements	0.021 Pg·a^?1	Fang et al., 2001
1980s—1990s	生物质固碳速率 Biomass carbon sequestration rate	资源清查和田间调查 Resource inventory and field measurements	0.068 Pg·a^?1	Pan et al., 2004
1980—2003	植被碳平衡 Vegetation carbon balance	资源清查和遥感数据 Resource inventory and remote-sensing data	0.075 Pg·a^?1	Piao et al., 2009
2000—2007	碳通量 Carbon flux	清查数据、固定监测、过程模型 Inventory data, long-term field observations, and process models	0.180 Pg·a^?1	Pan et al., 2011
2001—2010	植被碳储量变化 Variation in vegetation carbon storage	田间调查与文献数据整合 Field observations and literature data collection	0.117 Pg·a^?1	Fang et al., 2018
2001—2010	生态系统碳储量变化 Variation in ecosystem carbon storage		0.163 Pg·a^?1	Fang et al., 2018
2011—2015	植被碳储量Vegetation carbon storage	田间调查 Field measurements	10.48±2.02 Pg	Tang et al., 2018
2011—2015	土壤碳储量Soil carbon storage	田间调查 Field measurements	19.98±2.41 Pg	Tang et al., 2018
2004—2008	植被碳储量 Vegetation carbon storage	资源清查 Resource inventory	7.811 Pg	国家林业局, 2009 State Forestry Administration, 2009
2009—2013			8.427 Pg	国家林业局, 2014 State Forestry Administration, 2014
2014—2018			9.186 Pg	国家林业和草原局, 2019 National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 2019
2014	林地生物质碳储量变化 Variation in biomass carbon storage in forest land	“土地利用、土地利用变化与林业”国家温室气体清单数据 National greenhouse gas inventory for land use, land-use change and forestry	0.152 Pg·a^?1	中华人民共和国气候变化第二次两年更新报, 2019 The People’s Republic of China: Second Biennial Update Report on Climate Change, 2019
2014	林地碳储量变化 Variation in carbon storage in forest land		0.205 Pg·a^?1

表1

图2

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