暖温带山地天然次生林演替序列根系呼吸速率对林地增温的响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210639

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过增温对比试验观测天然次生林演替序列森林内不同层次植物根系呼吸速率生长季的变化，揭示森林演替和模拟增温及其交互作用对根系呼吸速率的影响，为森林更新过程中土壤碳循环对气候变暖响应机制的研究提供数据支持。方法: 以关帝山4种天然次生林（杨桦林、油松林、华北落叶松林和白杄林）为对象，采用野外定点对比试验，以林下地面搭建温室模拟林地增温和用去根试验结合差减法区分根系呼吸组分。于2016—2019年利用Li-6400便携式分析仪观测根系呼吸速率。结果: 增温提高了4种林型细根生物量和根系总呼吸（土壤自养呼吸）的生长季碳通量；增温显著提高了灌木层和草本层根系呼吸速率，提高幅度分别为8.37%～15.26%和10.88%～14.00%，降低了根系呼吸速率的温度敏感性（Q₁₀）。但增温没有改变根系呼吸的生长季单极值变化特征。各林分细根生物量和根系呼吸速率均随演替进程而降低，而根系呼吸速率Q₁₀的值则升高。结论: 灌木和草本层根系呼吸速率对增温和演替及其交互作用的响应程度显著，而乔木层根系呼吸速率对增温和增温与演替的交互作用响应程度不显著。随林地温度升高，森林根系呼吸速率升高而温度敏感性却降低，说明森林根系呼吸速率对温度升高的响应较为复杂。

关键词: 演替, 林地增温, 天然次生林, 根系呼吸, 暖温带

Abstract:

Objective: In order to reveal the effects of forest succession and simulated warming on forest plant and soil autotrophic respiration rates and their coupling effects, we measured soil and plant root autotrophic respiration rates from the warming. The root respiration rates of different plant layers during the growing season were measured to analyze their responses to warming, intending to provide more data for the research on the response mechanism of forest soil carbon cycle to climate warming in the process of forest succession. Method: Four natural secondary forest types from Guandi Mountains were selected for the study, including poplar-birch broad-leaved deciduous forest, Pinus tabulaeformis conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest and Larix principis rupprechtii forest and Picea meyeri forest. Field fixed-point comparison test was used to simulate forest warming by building greenhouses on the forest floor. Root removal method was used to distinguish root respiration from the total soil respiration. We used Li-6400 portable CO₂ analyzer to measure the root respiration rates from 2016 to 2019 during the growing seasons. Results: The results showed that the warming increased the fine root biomass and carbon flux of total root respiration in the four forest types. Warming and its interaction with forest types significantly increased the root respiration rates of shrubs and herbs by 8.37%~15.26% and 10.88%~14.00%, respectively. As temperature increases the sensitivity of root respiration (Q₁₀) decreased. However, warming did not change the patterns of root respiration during each growing season. The fine root biomass and root respiration rates decreased with progress of forest succession while the temperature sensitivity of root respiration (Q₁₀) increased. Conclusion: Warming and its interaction with forest types did not significantly affect tree-root respiration rates. In contrast, root respiration rates of shrubs and herbs were significantly affected by warming, forest types and their interaction. With the increase of forest land temperature, forest root respiration rate increased, but its temperature sensitivity decreased, which indicated that the response of forest root respiration rate to temperature increase was complex.

Key words: succession, woodland warming, natural secondary forest, root respiration rate, warm -temperate zone

中图分类号:

S718.5

赵世魁,郭晋平,张芸香. 暖温带山地天然次生林演替序列根系呼吸速率对林地增温的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(2): 10-21.

Shikui Zhao,Jinping Guo,Yunxiang Zhang. Responses of Root Respiration to Woodland Warming during Growing Season in Succession Series of Natural Secondary Forest in Warm-Temperate Mountain[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 10-21.

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林型 Forest type	地点 Location	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Slope aspect	土壤类型 Soil type	郁闭度 Canopy closure (%)	枯落物干质量 Dried litter weight/ （t·hm ^?2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	林龄 Stand age/a	林分密度 Stand density/ hm^?2	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	草本盖度 Herb coverage (%)
PM	神尾沟Shenweigou +柴禄沟Chailugou	2 130.1±290.2	阴坡Shady slope	棕壤Brown loam	74.4±8.2a	28.80±9.09a	29.56±17.05a	61±1a	648±78b	16.3±4.8a	19.7±9.2b
LP	神尾沟Shenweigou +柴禄沟Chailugou	2 001.2±34.3	阴坡Shady slope	棕壤 Brown loam	67.2±15.5a	30.10±8.37a	26.78±18.58b	56±9b	657±69b	155±5.9b	21.4±8.4b
PT	神尾沟Shenweigou	1 900.8±48.9	阴坡 Shady slope	棕壤 Brown loam	65.3±9.1a	33.93±10.20a	26.22±18.89b	58±4b	681±74b	17.7±6.3a	20.4±9.3b
PB	八道沟Badaogou	1 800.5±57.1	阴坡 Shady slope	棕壤Brown loam	66.3±9.1a	32.60±7.90a	25.28±14.45b	52±4b	721±80a	17.5±3.9a	29.4±8.2a

处理Treatment	去根处理方法Method of root removal	土壤呼吸含义Meaning of soil respiration	增温处理Warming treatment
A	保留乔木、灌木和草本根系With all plant roots	对照 CK	搭拱棚/露地Arched shed/open ground
B	去除乔木根系，保留灌木和草本根系Remove tree roots only	无乔木根系呼吸No tree root respiration	搭拱棚/露地Arched shed/open ground
C	去除乔木和草本根系，保留灌木根系Remove roots of tree and herbs,and retain roots of shrubs	无乔木和草本根系呼吸No root respiration of trees and herbs	搭拱棚/露地Arched shed/open ground
D	去除乔木、灌木和草本根系Remove all plant roots	无所有植物根系呼吸No plant root respiration	搭拱棚/露地Arched shed/open ground

处理号 Treatment numbers	去根处理 Method of root removal	土壤细根根系组成 Composition of fine root system in soil	增温处理 Warming treatment
A	保留乔木、灌木和草本根系 With roots of trees, shrubs and herbs	乔、灌、草根系 Roots of trees, shrubs, and herbs	搭拱棚/露地 Arched shed/open ground
B	去除乔木根系，保留灌木和草本根系 Remove roots of trees only	灌木和草本根系 Roots of shrubs and herbs	搭拱棚/露地 Arched shed/open ground
C	去除草本根系+乔木根系,保留灌木根系 Remove roots of herbs and trees	灌木根系 Roots of shrubs	搭拱棚/露地 Arched shed/open ground

根系组成 Roots composition	处理 Treatment	林型 Forest type
根系组成 Roots composition	处理 Treatment	PB	PT	LP	PM
乔木层根系	CK	1.83±0.19a	1.82±0.16a	1.81±0.19a	1.76±0.18a
Roots of trees	增温Warming	1.88±0.19a	1.84±0.17a	1.82±0.19a	1.77±0.17a
灌木层根系	CK	1.23±0.10a	1.12±0.14a	1.11±0.11a	1.06±0.09b
Roots of shrubs	增温Warming	1.28±1.11a	1.14±0.10a	1.13±0.10a	1.09±0.10b*
草本层根系	CK	0.55±0.06a	0.52±0.04a	0.51±0.05a	0.39±0.3b
Roots of herbs	增温Warming	0.61±0.07a*	0.57±0.05a*	0.58±0.06a*	0.49±0.4a *
总根系	CK	3.61±0.33a	3.46±0.30a	3.44±0.29a	3.11±0.54b
Total roots	增温Warming	3.77±0.40a	3.55±0.41a	3.53±0.38a	3.35±0.42b

项目 Item	处理 Treatment	林型 Forest type
项目 Item	处理 Treatment	PB	PT	LP	PM
生长季月份碳通量	CK	412.55±52.11a	406.10±41.00a	359.65±40.11b	351.52±36.10b
Monthly carbon flux/(t· hm^?2m^?1)	增温Warming	446.20±45.00a	440.38±39.69a	389.03±39.99b	381.42±38.00b
根系总呼吸速率	CK	1.32±0.13a	1.30±0.12a	1.15±0.11b	1.12±0.10b
Rate of total root respiration/（μmol·m^?2s^?1）	增温Warming	1.43±0.15a*	1.41±0.15a*	1.25±0.14a*	1.22±0.13a*