基于水源涵养服务视角的汀江（韩江）流域森林横向生态补偿标准

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220696

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 森林生态效益补偿是应对环境恶化、平衡区域发展的重要举措，厘清生态补偿标准是实施森林横向生态补偿的基础。结合森林生态系统服务流转理论，基于森林生态受益方向，从水源涵养生态服务视角开展森林横向生态补偿标准研究，为完善跨省流域森林生态补偿机制提供科学依据。方法: 以汀江（韩江）流域为例，综合运用当量因子法、水足迹法和引力模型，研究案例流域森林水源涵养服务溢出价值及其空间转移，确定受益主体与受偿主体相匹配的森林水源涵养效益补偿标准。结果: 1）汀江（韩江）流域上游地区龙岩市、漳州市和三明市的森林水源涵养服务外溢价值分别为80 448.89万元、5 857.33万元和13 038.28万元，广东省拟应向福建省合计支付水源涵养生态补偿资金99 344.50万元；2）三明市、漳州市和龙岩市提供的森林水源涵养服务价值辐射面积最广的地区均是梅州市，梅州市应承担主要的生态补偿资金；3）龙岩市可获得的水源涵养横向生态补偿资金最多，占补偿资金总额的80.98%，梅州市拟应支付的森林水源涵养生态补偿金额最多，占生态补偿总额的88.89%。结论: 流域上游存在森林水源涵养服务价值外溢，对下游具有不同的辐射范围和辐射量。本研究核算的案例流域下游受益地区应支付的水源涵养横向生态补偿资金均未超过当地GDP的1%，在补偿实践中具有良好的可操作性，可以为流域的森林横向生态补偿标准制定提供科学参考。

关键词: 横向生态补偿, 森林生态效益, 水源涵养服务, 补偿标准, 汀江(韩江)流域

Abstract:

Objective: Forest ecological compensation is an important measure to deal with environmental degradation and balancing regional development. Combined with the theory of forest ecosystem service flow and based on the direction of forest ecological benefit, horizontal compensation standards for forest ecological benefit from water retention service were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the cross-provincial watershed forest ecological compensation mechanism. Method: Taking the Tingjiang (Hanjiang) river basin as an example, the equivalent factor method, water footprint method and gravitational model were used to study the overflow value of forest water retention services and their spatial transfer in the watershed under study to determine the compensation standards balancing the benefits between the receivers and the suppliers of compensation, Result: 1) The spillover value of forest water retention service in Longyan City, Zhangzhou City and Sanming City in the upstream area of the Tingjiang (Hanjiang) river basin was approximately RMB 804.49 million , RMB 58.57 million and RMB 130.38 million respectively. Guangdong Province should pay a total of about RMB 993.45 million in ecological compensation funds for water conservation to Fujian Province. 2) The region with the widest radiation area provided by Sanming City, Zhangzhou City, and Longyan City was Meizhou City, and Meizhou City undertook the main ecological compensation funds. 3) Longyan City received the most water-containing horizontal ecological compensation funds, accounting for 80.98% of the total compensation funds. The largest forest ecological compensation amount for forest water retention paid by Meizhou City, accounting for 88.89% of the total ecological compensation funds. Conclusion: The upstream areas of the watershed all have the spillover value of forest water retention services, with different radiation range and radiation amount to the downstream areas. The horizontal ecological compensation funds paid by the downstream beneficiary areas of the studied watersheds do not exceed 1% of the local GDP, which has good feasibility in compensation practice and it provides a scientific basis for the formulation of horizontal compensation standards for forest ecological benefits in watersheds.

Key words: horizontal ecological compensation, forest ecological benefits, water retention service, compensation standards, Tingjiang(Hanjiang) river basin

中图分类号:

S719
X321

余红红,杨加猛,万紫璇. 基于水源涵养服务视角的汀江（韩江）流域森林横向生态补偿标准[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(2): 1-9.

Honghong Yu,Jiameng Yang,Zixuan Wan. Horizontal Compensation Standards for Forest Ecological Benefits in Tingjiang (Hanjiang) River Basin Based on the Perspective of Water Retention Service[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 1-9.

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序号Serial number	生态服务类型Types of ecological services	当量因子Equivalent factor
1	气体调节Gas regulation	3.5
2	气候调节Climate regulation	2.7
3	水源涵养Water conservation	3.2
4	土壤形成与保护Soil formation and conservation	3.9
5	废物处理Waste disposal	1.31
6	生物多样性保护Biodiversity protection	3.26
7	食物生产Food production	0.1
8	原材料Raw materials	2.6
9	娱乐文化Entertainment culture	1.28

保护主体Protective area	补偿金额The amount of compensation	支付客体 Objects of payment
保护主体Protective area	补偿金额The amount of compensation	受益区1Benefited area 1	受益区2Benefited area 2
保护区1 Benefited area 1	$ A $	$A\times \dfrac{a}{a+b }$	$A\times \dfrac{b}{a+b}$
保护区2 Benefited area 2	$ B $	$B\times \dfrac{c}{c+d}$	$B\times \dfrac{d}{c+d}$
保护区1+保护区2 Benefited area 1+benefited area 2	$ A+B $	$ A\times \dfrac{a}{a+b}+B\times \dfrac{c}{c+d} $	$ A\times \dfrac{b}{a+b}+B\times \dfrac{d}{c+d} $

地区Areas	气体调节Gas regulation	气候调节Climate regulation	水源涵养Water conservation	土壤形成与保护Soil formation and conservation	废物处理Waste disposal	生物多样性保护Biodiversity protection	合计Total
龙岩Longyan	123 852.35	95 543.24	113 236.44	138 006.91	46 356.17	115 359.62	632 354.73
漳州Zhangzhou	16 657.95	12 850.42	15 230.13	18 561.72	6 234.83	15 515.69	85 050.74
三明Sanming	17 929.19	13 831.09	16 392.40	19 978.24	6 710.64	16 699.76	91 541.32
汕头Shantou	39 560.94	30 518.44	36 170.00	44 082.19	14 807.10	36 848.19	201 986.86
梅州Meizhou	92 441.37	71 311.91	84 517.82	103 006.09	34 599.48	86 102.53	471 979.20
潮州Chaozhou	17 535.17	13 527.13	16 032.15	19 539.19	6 563.16	16 332.75	89 529.55
揭阳Jieyang	221.71	171.03	202.70	247.04	82.98	206.50	1 131.96
合计Total	308 198.68	237 753.26	281 781.64	343 421.38	115 354.36	287 065.04	1 573 574.36

农产品种类 Types of agricultural products	虚拟水含量 Virtual water content/（kg?m^?3）	农产品种类 Types of agricultural products	虚拟水含量 Virtual water content/（kg?m^?3）
粮食Food	1.13	奶类Dairy	0.79
牛肉Beef	19.99	禽蛋Eggs	5.561
猪肉Pork	3.561	水果Fruits	0.387
羊肉Mutton	18.005

地区Areas	总体水足迹（亿m³）Total water consumption （hundred million m³）	水资源供给（亿m³）The water supply （hundred million m³）	自身消费生态服务价值（万元）Own consumption ecological service value （ten thousand yuan）	外溢生态服务价值（万元）Spillover ecological service value （ten thousand yuan）
龙岩 Longyan	31.17	107.65	32 787.55	80 448.89
漳州 Zhangzhou	35.3	57.36	9 372.80	5 857.33
三明 Sanming	29.09	142.17	3 354.12	13 038.28
合计 Total	95.56	307.18	45 514.47	99 344.50