林业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 1-9.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220696
余红红1,杨加猛1,*,万紫璇2
收稿日期:
2022-10-18
出版日期:
2023-02-25
发布日期:
2023-04-27
通讯作者:
杨加猛
基金资助:
Honghong Yu1,Jiameng Yang1,*,Zixuan Wan2
Received:
2022-10-18
Online:
2023-02-25
Published:
2023-04-27
Contact:
Jiameng Yang
摘要:
目的: 森林生态效益补偿是应对环境恶化、平衡区域发展的重要举措,厘清生态补偿标准是实施森林横向生态补偿的基础。结合森林生态系统服务流转理论,基于森林生态受益方向,从水源涵养生态服务视角开展森林横向生态补偿标准研究,为完善跨省流域森林生态补偿机制提供科学依据。方法: 以汀江(韩江)流域为例,综合运用当量因子法、水足迹法和引力模型,研究案例流域森林水源涵养服务溢出价值及其空间转移,确定受益主体与受偿主体相匹配的森林水源涵养效益补偿标准。结果: 1)汀江(韩江)流域上游地区龙岩市、漳州市和三明市的森林水源涵养服务外溢价值分别为80 448.89万元、5 857.33万元和13 038.28万元,广东省拟应向福建省合计支付水源涵养生态补偿资金99 344.50万元;2)三明市、漳州市和龙岩市提供的森林水源涵养服务价值辐射面积最广的地区均是梅州市,梅州市应承担主要的生态补偿资金;3)龙岩市可获得的水源涵养横向生态补偿资金最多,占补偿资金总额的80.98%,梅州市拟应支付的森林水源涵养生态补偿金额最多,占生态补偿总额的88.89%。结论: 流域上游存在森林水源涵养服务价值外溢,对下游具有不同的辐射范围和辐射量。本研究核算的案例流域下游受益地区应支付的水源涵养横向生态补偿资金均未超过当地GDP的1%,在补偿实践中具有良好的可操作性,可以为流域的森林横向生态补偿标准制定提供科学参考。
中图分类号:
余红红,杨加猛,万紫璇. 基于水源涵养服务视角的汀江(韩江)流域森林横向生态补偿标准[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(2): 1-9.
Honghong Yu,Jiameng Yang,Zixuan Wan. Horizontal Compensation Standards for Forest Ecological Benefits in Tingjiang (Hanjiang) River Basin Based on the Perspective of Water Retention Service[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(2): 1-9.
表1
单位面积森林的生态服务价值当量"
序号Serial number | 生态服务类型Types of ecological services | 当量因子Equivalent factor |
1 | 气体调节Gas regulation | 3.5 |
2 | 气候调节Climate regulation | 2.7 |
3 | 水源涵养Water conservation | 3.2 |
4 | 土壤形成与保护Soil formation and conservation | 3.9 |
5 | 废物处理Waste disposal | 1.31 |
6 | 生物多样性保护Biodiversity protection | 3.26 |
7 | 食物生产Food production | 0.1 |
8 | 原材料Raw materials | 2.6 |
9 | 娱乐文化Entertainment culture | 1.28 |
表2
研究区域生态受益区为保护区提供生态补偿金额①"
保护主体Protective area | 补偿金额The amount of compensation | 支付客体 Objects of payment | |
受益区1Benefited area 1 | 受益区2Benefited area 2 | ||
保护区1 Benefited area 1 | | | |
保护区2 Benefited area 2 | | | |
保护区1+保护区2 Benefited area 1+benefited area 2 | | | |
表3
2020年汀江(韩江)流域所经设区市森林生态系统服务价值(单位:万元)"
地区Areas | 气体调节Gas regulation | 气候调节Climate regulation | 水源涵养Water conservation | 土壤形成与保护Soil formation and conservation | 废物处理Waste disposal | 生物多样性保护Biodiversity protection | 合计Total |
龙岩Longyan | 123 852.35 | 95 543.24 | 113 236.44 | 138 006.91 | 46 356.17 | 115 359.62 | 632 354.73 |
漳州Zhangzhou | 16 657.95 | 12 850.42 | 15 230.13 | 18 561.72 | 6 234.83 | 15 515.69 | 85 050.74 |
三明Sanming | 17 929.19 | 13 831.09 | 16 392.40 | 19 978.24 | 6 710.64 | 16 699.76 | 91 541.32 |
汕头Shantou | 39 560.94 | 30 518.44 | 36 170.00 | 44 082.19 | 14 807.10 | 36 848.19 | 201 986.86 |
梅州Meizhou | 92 441.37 | 71 311.91 | 84 517.82 | 103 006.09 | 34 599.48 | 86 102.53 | 471 979.20 |
潮州Chaozhou | 17 535.17 | 13 527.13 | 16 032.15 | 19 539.19 | 6 563.16 | 16 332.75 | 89 529.55 |
揭阳Jieyang | 221.71 | 171.03 | 202.70 | 247.04 | 82.98 | 206.50 | 1 131.96 |
合计Total | 308 198.68 | 237 753.26 | 281 781.64 | 343 421.38 | 115 354.36 | 287 065.04 | 1 573 574.36 |
表5
汀江流域地区森林生态系统服务价值消费与外溢情况"
地区Areas | 总体水足迹(亿m3)Total water consumption (hundred million m3) | 水资源供给(亿m3)The water supply (hundred million m3) | 自身消费生态服务价值(万元)Own consumption ecological service value (ten thousand yuan) | 外溢生态服务价值(万元)Spillover ecological service value (ten thousand yuan) |
龙岩 Longyan | 31.17 | 107.65 | 32 787.55 | 80 448.89 |
漳州 Zhangzhou | 35.3 | 57.36 | 9 372.80 | 5 857.33 |
三明 Sanming | 29.09 | 142.17 | 3 354.12 | 13 038.28 |
合计 Total | 95.56 | 307.18 | 45 514.47 | 99 344.50 |
表6
保护区域森林水源涵养服务功能辐射范围与辐射量"
保护区域Protective regions | 辐射区域Radiation regions | 辐射面积Radiation areas/km2 | 辐射量(万元)Radiation quantity (ten thousand yuan) |
龙岩Longyan | 汕头Shantou | 56 | 74.02 |
潮州Chaozhou | 477 | 1 164.22 | |
梅州Meizhou | 5 655 | 20 189.53 | |
漳州Zhangzhou | 汕头Shantou | 172 | 62.25 |
潮州Chaozhou | 2 489 | 2 748.31 | |
梅州Meizhou | 3 118 | 1 441.00 | |
三明Sanming | 揭阳Jieyang | 460 | 36.39 |
汕头Shantou | 305 | 24.42 | |
潮州Chaozhou | 3 136 | 378.99 | |
梅州Meizhou | 13 367 | 1 835.32 |
表7
研究区受益区域支付和保护区域生态补偿分配(单位:万元)"
受偿主体Subjects of compensation | 支付主体Objects of payment | ||||
揭阳Jieyang | 汕头Shantou | 潮州Chaozhou | 梅州Meizhou | 受偿总额Total | |
龙岩Longyan | 0.00 | 277.89 | 4 369.03 | 75 801.97 | 80 448.89 |
漳州Zhangzhou | 0.00 | 86.08 | 3 786.05 | 1 985.20 | 5 857.33 |
三明Sanming | 208.04 | 139.83 | 2 172.48 | 10 517.93 | 13 038.28 |
支付总额Total | 208.04 | 503.80 | 10 327.56 | 88 305.10 | 99 344.50 |
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