林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 108-117.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221110
王楚彪1,罗建中1,何文亮1,卢万鸿1,林彦1,区余端2,*
收稿日期:
2021-12-30
出版日期:
2022-11-25
发布日期:
2023-03-08
通讯作者:
区余端
Chubiao Wang1,Jianzhong Luo1,Wenliang He1,Wanhong Lu1,Yan Lin1,Yuduan Ou2,*
Received:
2021-12-30
Online:
2022-11-25
Published:
2023-03-08
Contact:
Yuduan Ou
摘要:
目的: 对广西、广东和海南的五个地点桉树无性系进行生长性状遗传多样性分析和基因型与环境互作评价,以筛选出优良无性系。方法: 基于3.5年生桉树无性系的树高、胸径、材积、保存率和蓄积量数据。首先联合五个地点数据对各性状进行单因素方差分析和多重比较。然后建立线性混合模型进行单地点和多地点方差分析,以无性系、无性系×重复(地点)为随机效应,得出各性状的方差分量以及各无性系的BLUP值,从而计算各性状的遗传参数值。最后综合AMMI模型与BLUP-GGE模型选择优良无性系及适生环境。结果: 1)该研究表明各生长性状中的不同亲本、无性系、地点之间存在显著差异(P < 0.01)。不同亲本中,粗皮桉×韦塔桉的各性状表现较好,其年均材积和蓄积量可达到每株0.069 0 m3、26.6 m3·hm-2a-1;不同无性系中,EC245为较为优良的无性系,材积和年均蓄积量可达每株0.090 9 m3、118.46 m3·hm-2a-1,但保存率(77.8%)相对较低;不同地点中,雷州地区的无性系生长表现最好,平均材积和保存率分别为每株0.083 6 m3、85.5%,海口地区生长表现最差,平均材积和保存率分别为每株0.023 8 m3、55.5%。2)多地点联合的方差分析及遗传参数表明,无性系各性状与环境互作达到显著水平(P < 0.01),同时各性状的重复力介于0.717 4~0.869 5之间。不同性状的效应量中,树高的环境效应量(43.2%)、互作效应量(17.0%)远大于其他性状,胸径的环境效应量(26.5%)、互作效应量(8.8%)最低,说明树高易受到环境的影响,而胸径却较稳定;不同地点中,树高重复力介于0.653 9~0.901 8,胸径重复力介于0.679 1~0.930 1,材积重复力较高介于0.680 8~0.936 0,蓄积量重复力介于0.481 1~0.925 0,说明材积适合作为目标性状进行选优。3)基因型与环境互作分析表明基于材积性状的AMMI与BLUP-GGE双标图结果略有不同。两模型一致得出雷州为理想环境以及EC245为高材积无性系,其次是EC234、CM1509。AMMI模型得出稳定性较高的是EC244、EC228和EC238,最低的是EC245,并且筛选出EC245为高材积、低稳定的无性系;但是BLUP-GGE模型得出稳定性较高的是EC244、EC232和EC224,最低的是EC238,并且筛选出EC245为高材积、中等稳定的无性系。结论: 综合评价EC245为高材积、稳定性中等的无性系,且其在各个地点都有较好的生长表现。
中图分类号:
王楚彪,罗建中,何文亮,卢万鸿,林彦,区余端. 桉树无性系多区域联合测试的G×E分析及选优[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(11): 108-117.
Chubiao Wang,Jianzhong Luo,Wenliang He,Wanhong Lu,Yan Lin,Yuduan Ou. G×E Analysis and Selection of Eucalyptus Clones by Multi-Region Combined Test[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(11): 108-117.
表2
各试验地区基本情况"
试验地区 Test area | 代号 Mark | 地理位置 Location | 土壤类型 Agrotype | 温度 Temperature /℃ | 年降雨量 Annual precipitation/mm | |||||
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |||||
广东雷州 Leizhou, Guangdong | E1 | 110°10′E 20°92′N | 沙壤 Sand soil | 24.0 | 25.1 | 24.9 | 2 032.6 | 1 476.3 | 1 592.4 | |
广西扶绥 Fusui, Guangxi | E2 | 107°91′E 22°64′N | 赤红壤 Lateritic red soil | 22.2 | — | — | 1 280.0 | — | — | |
广西南宁 Nanning, Guangxi | E3 | 108°37′E 22°82′N | 赤红壤 Lateritic red soil | 22.5 | 22.7 | 22.9 | 1 291.5 | 1 203.2 | 1 033.0 | |
广西钦州 Qinzhou, Guangxi | E4 | 108°66′E 21°99′N | 砖红壤 Latosol | 23.1 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 1 984.6 | 1 593.1 | 1 765.0 | |
海南海口 Haikou, Hainan | E5 | 110°21′E 20°05′N | 砖红壤 Latosol | 25.0 | 26.5 | 26.1 | 2 136.2 | 1 798.6 | 1 220.9 |
表3
不同组合无性系的生长性状①"
树种/杂种 Species/Hybrid | 树高 Height/m | 胸径 DBH/cm | 材积 Volume/(m3·plant-1) | 保存率 Preserving rate (%) | 蓄积量 Forest stock/(m3·hm-2) |
粗皮桉×韦塔桉E. pellita×E. wetarensis | 14.31±2.92a | 11.39±2.62a | 0.069 0±0.039 0a | 80.4c | 93.12±56.15a |
韦塔桉×巨桉E. wetarensis×E. grandis | 13.19±2.92b | 11.23±2.74a | 0.063 1±0.037 9b | 62.6d | 63.44±41.26c |
尾叶桉×刚果12号E. urophylla×E. 12ABL | 14.07±3.21a | 10.74±2.62b | 0.061 6±0.035 4b | 83.0ab | 88.39±55.66ab |
尾叶桉×尾叶桉E. urophylla×E. urophylla | 12.67±2.91c | 9.82±2.41c | 0.046 6±0.029 6c | 84.6a | 65.65±43.85c |
细叶桉E. tereticornis | 14.14±2.73a | 10.66±2.33b | 0.059 4±0.032 4b | 84.2a | 85.73±51.26b |
韦塔桉×粗皮桉E. wetarensis×E. pellita | 12.72±2.87c | 9.43±2.30d | 0.043 3±0.028 0c | 81.7bc | 60.72±43.02c |
表4
不同无性系及在不同地点的生长表现"
无性系/地点 Clone/Site | 树高 Height/m | 胸径 DBH/cm | 材积 Volume/(m3·plant-1) | 保存率 Preserving rate (%) | 蓄积量 Forest stock/(m3·hm-2) |
CM1508 | 13.09±2.90d | 10.11±2.35e | 0.050 5±0.029 0gh | 81.9bc | 70.55±42.75fg |
CM1509 | 15.13±3.20ab | 11.42±2.72b | 0.073 7±0.037 6c | 84.3ab | 107.78±61.37b |
EC224 | 12.72±2.87d | 9.43±2.30f | 0.043 3±0.028 0i | 81.7bc | 60.72±43.02g |
EC228 | 14.14±2.73c | 10.66±2.33cd | 0.059 4±0.032 4ef | 84.2ab | 85.73±51.26de |
EC229 | 12.67±2.91d | 9.83±2.41ef | 0.046 6±0.029 6hi | 84.5ab | 65.65±43.85g |
EC232 | 14.23±2.93c | 11.41±2.46b | 0.068 1±0.035 8cd | 85.2a | 98.38±54.56c |
EC233 | 12.98±2.41d | 10.70±2.29cd | 0.054 3±0.027 8fg | 86.5a | 77.68±42.60ef |
EC234 | 14.85±2.90b | 12.46±2.70a | 0.083 8±0.039 8b | 65.3e | 94.33±59.56cd |
EC238 | 13.19±2.92d | 11.23±2.74b | 0.063 1±0.037 9de | 62.6e | 63.44±41.26g |
EC241 | 14.31±2.98c | 11.11±2.41bc | 0.065 3±0.036 1de | 78.9cd | 86.80±51.98de |
EC244 | 14.21±2.59c | 10.56±2.49d | 0.058 9±0.033 7ef | 80.3cd | 82.03±53.31e |
EC245 | 15.42±3.10a | 12.64±2.73a | 0.090 9±0.046 7a | 77.8d | 118.46±64.09a |
E1 | 15.83±2.96 | 11.97±2.66 | 0.083 6±0.042 8 | 85.5 | 116.65±60.13 |
E2 | 13.22±3.04 | 9.96±2.34 | 0.049 8±0.031 4 | 83.3 | 66.93±42.46 |
E3 | 13.47±2.38 | 11.13±2.35 | 0.060 7±0.028 8 | 83.4 | 83.83±42.02 |
E4 | 14.76±1.67 | 11.68±2.42 | 0.071 0±0.029 6 | 84.0 | 97.78±44.77 |
E5 | 10.00±1.18 | 8.24±1.13 | 0.023 8±0.008 9 | 55.5 | 23.05±14.53 |
表5
树高、胸径和蓄积量的方差分析①"
变异因子 Variation factor | 自由度 Df | 树高 Height | 胸径 DBH | 材积 Volume | 蓄积量 Forest stock | |||||||
均方 Mean square | 效应量 Effect size(%) | 均方 Mean square | 效应量 Effect size(%) | 均方 Mean square | 效应量 Effect size(%) | 均方 Mean square | 效应量 Effect size(%) | |||||
地点 Site | 4 | 2 421.896** | 43.2 | 1 169.756** | 26.5 | 0.272** | 32.2 | 648 578.888** | 35.2 | |||
无性系 Clone | 11 | 274.634** | 19.1 | 259.107** | 18.0 | 0.059** | 21.9 | 97 667.345** | 18.4 | |||
无性系×地点 Site×Clone | 44 | 59.522** | 17.0 | 28.608** | 8.8 | 0.006** | 10.8 | 14 495.924** | 11.8 | |||
误差Error | 3 098 | 4.119 | 4.192 | 0.001 | 1 541.514 |
表6
不同地区无性系各性状的遗传参数①"
性状 Trait | 方差分量/遗传参数 Variance component/Genetic parameter | 地点Site | 五点联合 Cross sites | ||||
雷州 Leizhou | 扶绥 Fusui | 南宁 Nanning | 钦州 Qinzhou | 海口 Haikou | |||
树高Height | Ve | 5.925 8 | 4.345 6 | 3.623 0 | 1.260 2 | 0.680 0 | 4.118 4 |
Vg | 1.919 6 | 3.587 9 | 0.628 9 | 0.575 2 | 0.366 2 | 0.571 4 | |
Vge | 0.694 3 | 1.192 9 | 1.153 7 | 1.120 3 | 0.492 6 | 1.042 0 | |
Rc2 | 0.877 8 | 0.901 8 | 0.630 3 | 0.653 9 | 0.711 3 | 0.717 4 | |
胸径DBH | Ve | 5.398 0 | 3.142 8 | 3.645 9 | 4.646 8 | 0.594 0 | 4.191 0 |
Vg | 1.677 4 | 2.124 7 | 1.048 5 | 0.701 9 | 0.317 1 | 0.760 2 | |
Vge | 0.179 5 | 0.371 1 | 1.012 7 | 0.378 1 | 0.510 3 | 0.485 5 | |
Rc2 | 0.927 9 | 0.930 1 | 0.758 3 | 0.792 1 | 0.679 1 | 0.869 5 | |
材积Volume | Ve | 0.001 274 | 0.000 519 | 0.000 535 | 0.000 625 | 0.000 043 | 0.000 741 |
Vg | 0.000 527 | 0.000 399 | 0.000 183 | 0.000 148 | 0.000 016 | 0.000 162 | |
Vge | 0.000 063 | 0.000 088 | 0.000 124 | 0.000 010 | 0.000 023 | 0.000 107 | |
Rc2 | 0.936 0 | 0.923 3 | 0.810 1 | 0.799 7 | 0.680 8 | 0.869 0 | |
蓄积量Forest stock | Ve | 2 453.86 | 934.99 | 1 058.49 | 1 289.56 | 61.42 | 1 541.44 |
Vg | 834.48 | 746.64 | 320.48 | 268.12 | 28.64 | 248.02 | |
Vge | 370.06 | 162.54 | 410.86 | 523.52 | 114.35 | 273.09 | |
Rc2 | 0.864 0 | 0.925 0 | 0.717 4 | 0.632 5 | 0.481 1 | 0.802 9 |
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