林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 66-78.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220607
李鑫玉1,王敏求1,袁美灵1,SaneyoshiUeno2,武星彤1,蔡梦颖1,3,YoshihikoTsumura3,文亚峰1,*
收稿日期:
2021-07-17
出版日期:
2022-06-25
发布日期:
2022-09-24
通讯作者:
文亚峰
基金资助:
Xinyu Li1,Minqiu Wang1,Meiling Yuan1,Ueno Saneyoshi2,Xingtong Wu1,Mengying Cai1,3,Tsumura Yoshihiko3,Yafeng Wen1,*
Received:
2021-07-17
Online:
2022-06-25
Published:
2022-09-24
Contact:
Yafeng Wen
摘要:
目的: 研究解析东亚地区柳杉属树种的遗传变异格局与种群分化,模拟其种群历史动态,为东亚植物区系演化研究和柳杉遗传资源保护提供科学依据。方法: 基于14个核基因组微卫星标记(nSSR),检测来自中国和日本共18个天然(或古树)种群的遗传变异,分析其遗传分化水平和模式,利用DIY ABC模拟其种群进化历史。结果: 柳杉属表现中等程度的遗传多样性(Ho = 0.472, He = 0.488),种群间具有较高的遗传分化(FST = 0.136)。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,遗传变异主要来自种群内的个体间,种群内遗传变异占总变异的86.37% (P < 0.001)。与地理来源一致,STRUCTURE与DAPC分析将柳杉属树种分为柳杉和日本柳杉2个地理种群,以及中国东南部、中国庐山、日本海沿岸和太平洋沿岸4个谱系。柳杉的遗传多样性(Na = 4.571,Ho = 0.442)低于日本柳杉(Na = 4.634,Ho = 0.510),但种群间存在较高的遗传分化。DIY ABC模拟结果显示,柳杉与日本柳杉的种群和谱系分化发生在11万~ 34万年前。结论: 受第四纪第三次冰期(庐山亚冰期)影响,柳杉属树种的种群数量迅速减少,退缩至中国东南部和日本西南部避难所,最终分化成柳杉和日本柳杉,分化后的种群有各自独立的进化路线。第四纪气候变化、地理隔离和全新世以来的人为干扰是柳杉属遗传变异格局形成的主要原因。与日本柳杉相比,柳杉资源丰富,但其遗传多样性较低,天然林种群受到严重破坏,亟待有效的科学保护。
中图分类号:
李鑫玉,王敏求,袁美灵,SaneyoshiUeno,武星彤,蔡梦颖,YoshihikoTsumura,文亚峰. 东亚孑遗植物柳杉属的遗传分化及其种群进化历史[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(6): 66-78.
Xinyu Li,Minqiu Wang,Meiling Yuan,Ueno Saneyoshi,Xingtong Wu,Mengying Cai,Tsumura Yoshihiko,Yafeng Wen. Genetic Differentiation and Demographic History of Cryptomeria, A Relict Plant, in East Asia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(6): 66-78.
表1
柳杉属种群地理位置及样本数量"
编号 NO. | 组群 Group | 种群 Population | 谱系 Lineage | 样本数量 Sample size | 样本来源 Location | 纬度 Latitude(N) | 经度 Longitude(E) | 海拔 Elevation/m |
1 | 柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis (CHN) | 黄山 Huangshan (WT) | CHS | 17 | 安徽黄山 Anhui Huangshan | 29.462 1° | 118.266 9° | 436 |
2 | 天目山 Tianmushan (XTM) | CHS | 23 | 浙江临安 Zhejiang Lin’an | 30.338 1° | 119.435 8° | 1 089 | |
3 | 天台山 Tiantaishan (TT) | CHS | 24 | 浙江天台 Zhejiang Tiantai | 29.2 495° | 121.0 948° | 897 | |
4 | 屏南 Pingnan (PNSL) | CHS | 23 | 福建屏南 Fujian Pingnan | 27.003 9° | 118.871 8° | 1 254 | |
5 | 福州 Fuzhou (FZ) | CHS | 21 | 福建福州 Fujian Fuzhou | 26.090 3° | 119.396 9° | 731 | |
6 | 天宝岩高海拔 Tianbaoyan high altitude (TB) | CHS | 10 | 福建永安 Fujian Yong’an | 25.918 3° | 117.557 5° | 1 500 | |
7 | 天宝岩 Tianbaoyan (TBY) | CHS | 20 | 福建永安 Fujian Yong’an | 25.965 6° | 117.512 3° | 1 132 | |
8 | 南平 Nanping (YTG) | CHS | 8 | 福建南平 Fujian Nanping | 26.738 4° | 118.146 8° | 846 | |
9 | 武夷山 Wuyishan (WYS) | CHS | 20 | 福建武夷山 Fujian Wuyishan | 27.759 8° | 117.693 6° | 892 | |
10 | 庐山 Lushan (LS) | LS | 23 | 江西庐山 Jiangxi Lushan | 29.549 7° | 115.966 8° | 895 | |
1 | 日本柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica var. japonica (JAN) | 青森 Ajigasawa (AJG) | Ura-sugi | 17 | 日本青森县 Japan Aomori | 40.675 6° | 140.205 3° | 319 |
2 | 秋田 Nibetsu (NBT) | Ura-sugi | 16 | 日本秋田县 Japan Akita | 39.806 1° | 140.260 0° | 315 | |
3 | 新泻 Donden (DND) | Ura-sugi | 16 | 日本新泻县 Japan Niigata | 38.139 7° | 138.383 3° | 725 | |
4 | 富山 Bijodaira (BJD) | Ura-sugi | 16 | 日本富山县 Japan Toyama | 36.576 1° | 137.458 9° | 628 | |
5 | 京都 Ashu (ASH) | Ura-sugi | 18 | 日本京都府 Japan Tokyo | 35.307 8° | 135.773 9° | 802 | |
6 | 宫崎 Oninome (ONN) | Ura-sugi | 6 | 日本宫崎县 Japan Miyazaki | 32.698 4° | 131.518 2° | 1 170 | |
7 | 鹿儿岛 Yakushima (YKU) | Omote-sugi | 7 | 日本鹿儿岛县 Japan Kagoshima | 30.303 5° | 130.573 1° | 1 071 | |
8 | 宫城 Ishinomaki (ISN) | Omote-sugi | 13 | 日本宫城县 Japan Miyagi-ken | 38.328 6° | 141.491 9° | 195 |
表2
14个nSSR位点的遗传多样性参数"
序号 NO. | 位点 Locus | 等位基因数 Number of allele (Na) | 总的遗传变异 Total genetic diversity for the species (Ht) | 种群内遗传多样性 Genetic diversity within populations (Hs) | 种群间遗传分化系数 Genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) | 标准遗传分化系数 Gene differentiation factor (GST) | 多态性信息 含量Polymorphism information content (PIC) | 位点来源 Locus source |
1 | CS1895M | 29 | 0.715 | 0.664 | 0.093 | 0.072 | 0.594 | |
2 | BY900902 | 7 | 0.636 | 0.592 | 0.063 | 0.069 | 0.516 | |
3 | Cjgssr31 | 33 | 0.919 | 0.857 | 0.071 | 0.067 | 0.798 | |
4 | BY894091 | 3 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.034 | |
5 | CS1737M | 2 | 0.499 | 0.449 | 0.096 | 0.100 | 0.337 | |
6 | Cjgssr175 | 20 | 0.644 | 0.493 | 0.231 | 0.235 | 0.417 | Moriguchi Y. et al., (2005) |
7 | Cjgssr7 | 22 | 0.774 | 0.672 | 0.150 | 0.132 | 0.588 | |
8 | BY896143 | 3 | 0.315 | 0.290 | 0.068 | 0.079 | 0.234 | |
9 | BY898881 | 11 | 0.693 | 0.624 | 0.095 | 0.099 | 0.547 | |
10 | Cjgssr120 | 26 | 0.604 | 0.482 | 0.201 | 0.202 | 0.441 | |
11 | Cjgssr181 | 31 | 0.635 | 0.560 | 0.103 | 0.118 | 0.481 | |
12 | BJ939490 | 5 | 0.313 | 0.281 | 0.123 | 0.102 | 0.236 | |
13 | CS1522M | 18 | 0.597 | 0.541 | 0.098 | 0.094 | 0.490 | |
14 | BY909057 | 9 | 0.597 | 0.562 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.458 | |
均值 | Mean | 15.643 | 0.570 | 0.508 | 0.112 | 0.109 | 0.441 |
表3
柳杉属种群的遗传多样性参数"
种群 Population | 等位基因数 Number of alleles(Na) | 观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity (Ho) | 期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity (He) | 近交系数 Inbreeding coefficient (FIS) | 等位基因丰富度 Allelic richness (Ar) | 私有等位基因丰富度 Private alleles richness (PAr) |
黄山Huangshan (WT) | 3.357 | 0.303 | 0.412 | 0.294 | 2.636 | 0.148 |
天目山Tianmushan (XTM) | 4.000 | 0.508 | 0.491 | -0.012 | 2.826 | 0.125 |
天台山Tiantaishan (TT) | 4.643 | 0.464 | 0.511 | 0.113 | 3.083 | 0.209 |
屏南Pingnan (PNSL) | 4.143 | 0.493 | 0.502 | 0.041 | 3.111 | 0.125 |
福州Fuzhou (FZ) | 4.643 | 0.439 | 0.486 | 0.121 | 3.158 | 0.143 |
天宝岩高海拔Tianbaoyan high altitude (TB) | 2.714 | 0.293 | 0.360 | 0.236 | 2.453 | 0.144 |
天宝岩Tianbaoyan (TBY) | 5.143 | 0.461 | 0.512 | 0.125 | 3.360 | 0.233 |
南平Nanping (YTG) | 2.857 | 0.439 | 0.431 | 0.050 | 2.752 | 0.065 |
武夷山Wuyishan (WYS) | 4.929 | 0.446 | 0.499 | 0.131 | 3.409 | 0.202 |
庐山Lushan (LS) | 9.286 | 0.575 | 0.695 | 0.194 | 5.271 | 0.976 |
中国平均值CHN Mean | 4.571 | 0.442 | 0.490 | 0.123 | 3.206 | 0.240 |
青森Ajigasawa (AJG) | 4.500 | 0.471 | 0.454 | -0.006 | 3.216 | 0.089 |
秋田Nibetsu (NBT) | 4.643 | 0.477 | 0.493 | 0.064 | 3.364 | 0.072 |
新泻Donden (DND) | 4.929 | 0.463 | 0.448 | -0.002 | 3.239 | 0.200 |
富山Bijodaira (BJD) | 4.786 | 0.536 | 0.493 | -0.055 | 3.316 | 0.217 |
京都Ashu (ASH) | 5.714 | 0.477 | 0.492 | 0.060 | 3.535 | 0.293 |
宫崎Oninome (ONN) | 3.071 | 0.536 | 0.450 | -0.100 | 3.071 | 0.107 |
鹿儿岛Yakushima (YKU) | 4.357 | 0.611 | 0.528 | -0.080 | 4.073 | 0.684 |
宫城Ishinomaki (ISN) | 5.071 | 0.511 | 0.529 | 0.073 | 3.672 | 0.284 |
日本平均值JAN Mean | 4.634 | 0.510 | 0.486 | 0.009 | 3.436 | 0.243 |
总平均值Total Mean | 4.599 | 0.472 | 0.488 | 0.060 | 3.308 | 0.240 |
表4
柳杉属种群间分子方差分析(AMOVA)"
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 方差总和 Sum of squares | 变异组分 Variance components | 变异百分比 Percentage of variation (%) | P |
组间 Among groups | 1 | 70.972 | 0.199 | 4.85 | < 0.001 |
种群间 Among populations | 16 | 246.363 | 0.361 | 8.78 | < 0.001 |
种群内 Within populations | 578 | 2 052.437 | 3.551 | 86.37 | < 0.001 |
总计 Total | 595 | 2 369.772 | 4.092 | 100.00 | - |
FST=0.136 Nm=1.588 |
表5
基于DIY ABC的各进化事件的后验分布的中值估计(K = 4)"
事件1 Scenario 1 | 事件2 Scenario 2 | 事件3 Scenario 3 | 事件4 Scenario 4 | |
后验概率Posterior probability (PP) | 0.000 8 | 0.000 0 | 0.991 9 | 0.007 3 |
种群大小Effective population size (N1) | 4 490 | 6 930 | 3 820 | 4 690 |
种群大小Effective population size (N2) | 8 870 | 9 700 | 7 840 | 8 800 |
种群大小Effective population size (N3) | 2 600 | 5 550 | 4 850 | 4 740 |
种群大小Effective population size (N4) | 2 950 | 6 870 | 7 350 | 7 190 |
种群大小Effective population size (NA) | - | 22.5 | 44.6 | 42.3 |
代数Generation (t1) | 720 | 2 540 | 1 140 | 1 450 |
代数Generation (t2) | 559 | 1 840 | - | 1 360 |
代数Generation (t3) | 205 | 1 790 | - | - |
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