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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 66-78.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220607

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东亚孑遗植物柳杉属的遗传分化及其种群进化历史

李鑫玉1,王敏求1,袁美灵1,SaneyoshiUeno2,武星彤1,蔡梦颖1,3,YoshihikoTsumura3,文亚峰1,*   

  1. 1. 中南林业科技大学风景园林学院 长沙 410004
    2. 日本森林综合研究所森林分子遗传学与生物技术部 筑波 305-8687
    3. 筑波大学生命与环境科学学院 筑波 305-8572
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-17 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 文亚峰
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0127200)

Genetic Differentiation and Demographic History of Cryptomeria, A Relict Plant, in East Asia

Xinyu Li1,Minqiu Wang1,Meiling Yuan1,Ueno Saneyoshi2,Xingtong Wu1,Mengying Cai1,3,Tsumura Yoshihiko3,Yafeng Wen1,*   

  1. 1. College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004
    2. Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba 305-8687
    3. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8572
  • Received:2021-07-17 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-09-24
  • Contact: Yafeng Wen

摘要:

目的: 研究解析东亚地区柳杉属树种的遗传变异格局与种群分化,模拟其种群历史动态,为东亚植物区系演化研究和柳杉遗传资源保护提供科学依据。方法: 基于14个核基因组微卫星标记(nSSR),检测来自中国和日本共18个天然(或古树)种群的遗传变异,分析其遗传分化水平和模式,利用DIY ABC模拟其种群进化历史。结果: 柳杉属表现中等程度的遗传多样性(Ho = 0.472, He = 0.488),种群间具有较高的遗传分化(FST = 0.136)。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,遗传变异主要来自种群内的个体间,种群内遗传变异占总变异的86.37% (P < 0.001)。与地理来源一致,STRUCTURE与DAPC分析将柳杉属树种分为柳杉和日本柳杉2个地理种群,以及中国东南部、中国庐山、日本海沿岸和太平洋沿岸4个谱系。柳杉的遗传多样性(Na = 4.571,Ho = 0.442)低于日本柳杉(Na = 4.634,Ho = 0.510),但种群间存在较高的遗传分化。DIY ABC模拟结果显示,柳杉与日本柳杉的种群和谱系分化发生在11万~ 34万年前。结论: 受第四纪第三次冰期(庐山亚冰期)影响,柳杉属树种的种群数量迅速减少,退缩至中国东南部和日本西南部避难所,最终分化成柳杉和日本柳杉,分化后的种群有各自独立的进化路线。第四纪气候变化、地理隔离和全新世以来的人为干扰是柳杉属遗传变异格局形成的主要原因。与日本柳杉相比,柳杉资源丰富,但其遗传多样性较低,天然林种群受到严重破坏,亟待有效的科学保护。

关键词: 柳杉属, 遗传分化, 遗传结构, 种群历史动态, 微卫星标记

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the genetic variation, population genetic differentiation, and demographic history of Cryptomeria populations in East Asia, so as to provide a scientific basis for the flora evolution study of East Asia and the conservation of this species genetic resources. Method: Fourteen nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSR) were used to detect the genetic variation of 18 natural (or ancient) populations of Cryptomeria from China and Japan. The level and pattern of genetic differentiation were analyzed, and the demographic history of the populations was simulated by DIY ABC. Result: The results showed that Cryptomeria in East Asia had moderate genetic diversity (Ho = 0.472, He = 0.488), and high genetic differentiation existed among populations (FST = 0.136). Molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation of Cryptomeria in East Asia was mainly from individuals within the populations (86.37%, P < 0.001). Consistent with the geographic origin, Cryptomeria in East Asia was able to be divided into two geographical populations of C. japonica var. sinensis and C. japonica var. japonica, as well as four lineages including southeast (CHS) and Lushan populations in China (LS), and the sea coast (Ura-sugi) and Pacific coast populations (Omote-sugi) in Japan by STRUCTURE and DAPC analyses. The genetic diversity of C. japonica var. sinensis (Na = 4.571, Ho = 0.442) was lower than that of C. japonica var. japonica (Na = 4.634, Ho = 0.510), but there was high genetic differentiation among populations. The results of the DIY ABC simulation showed that the divergence event of populations and lineages of Cryptomeria in East Asia occurred between 110 000 ~ 340 000 years ago. Conclusion: Affected by the third glacial period of Quaternary (Lushan glacial substage), the effective populations of Cryptomeria in East Asia were decreased rapidly, retreated to the refuges in Southeast China and Southwest Japan, and diverged into two populations (C. japonica var. sinensis and C. japonica var. japonica) with independent evolutionary routes. Our findings suggest that climate change in Quaternary, geographical isolation and human disturbance since Holocene play an important role in the formation of genetic variation pattern of Cryptomeria in East Asia. Compared with C. japonica var. japonica, C. japonica var. sinensis has abundant resources in China, but its genetic diversity is low, natural forest populations are seriously damaged, and scientific and effective conservation is urgently needed.

Key words: Cryptomeria, genetic differentiation, genetic structure, demographic history, microsatellite markers

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