哈尼梯田水源区3种典型植被下不同水体的氢氧稳定同位素特征及相互关系

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220501

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 以全福庄小流域哈尼梯田核心区上方水源林区的3种植被类型(乔木林、灌木林、荒草地)为研究对象, 对0~100 cm土层土壤水的运移过程和水分来源及其对浅层地下水的补给比例进行定量估算, 揭示植被类型对土壤水分运移的影响, 以期为定量研究哈尼梯田区森林-梯田复合生态系统水循环过程以及哈尼梯田的可持续发展提供科学依据。方法: 利用氢氧稳定同位素技术研究2015年4—12月期间3种植被类型下不同水体的氢氧稳定同位素特征, 同时选取3次代表性降水事件(2015年7月24日、7月29日和8月3日)分析3种植被类型下土壤水δ¹⁸O值随土层深度的变化特征, 分析比较土壤水与其潜在水源(大气降水、浅层地下水等)的δ¹⁸O值, 判断林地土壤水分来源, 运用二元线性混合模型计算降水和浅层地下水对土壤水及地表水和土壤水对浅层地下水的贡献率。结果: 不同水体氢氧稳定同位素均值表现为: 地下水＞地表水＞乔木林地土壤水＞灌木林地土壤水＞荒草地土壤水＞降水, 降水的变异系数最大, 地表水和浅层地下水的变异系数较小; 荒草地土壤水以降水补给为主, 占比67.02%, 乔木林地和灌木林地土壤水以深层土壤水的上升补给为主, 分别占比59.65%和50.18%; 短阵性暴雨条件下, 暴雨前期和暴雨后期3种植被类型样地土壤的水分入渗速率不同, 乔木林地和灌木林地土壤入渗主要发生在0~70 cm土层, 而荒草地主要发生在0~50 cm土层; 浅层地下水的主要补给形式为土壤水的垂直运移, 荒草地土壤水对浅层地下水的补给比例明显高于乔木林地和灌木林地, 约为55.91%。结论: 研究区植被类型对土壤水分循环具有一定影响, 林地对深层土壤水分利用强度较大, 而荒草地更利于降水入渗及对浅层地下水补给。

关键词: 植被类型, 氢氧稳定同位素, 水分运移, 水体循环, 哈尼梯田

Abstract:

Objective: Three different vegetation types of water source forests (arbor forest, shrub forest and grassland) in the Quanfuzhuang small watershed were in vestigated by a quantitative analysis of the soil water transportion, the source of water and the proportion of recharge to shallow groundwater of 0~100 cm soil layer to reveal the influence of three vegetation types on soil water migration. The result of this study provides a scientific basis for quantitativel analysis of water cycle process of the forest-terrace complex ecosystem and sustainable development of Hani Terrace irrigation area. Method: We examined the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope characteristics of different water bodies under the three regetation types from April to December 2015, and the variation characteristics of δ¹⁸O value of soil water with soil depth using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope technique on different dates(July 24, July 29, and August 3, 2015) in three vegetation types, analyzed the relationship of δ¹⁸O values between soil water and the potential water sources (precipitation and shallow underground water, etc.), and further determined the source of soil water in the three vegetation types. The contribution rate of precipitation and groundwater to soil water, surface water and soil water to groundwater were calculated according to binary linear mixed model. Result: The mean values of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the five water bodies decreased in an orderly way, with shallow groundwater being observed to have the greatest amount, followed by surface water, then soil water of arboreal lands, then soil water of shrubland, then soil water of grassland, finally Precipitation. The coefficient of variation of precipitation was the largest, and the coefficient of variation of surface water and shallow groundwater was smaller. Soil water in grassland was mainly recharged by precipitation, accounting for 67.02%. Soil water in arboreal lands and shrubland was mainly recharged by the rising of deep soil water, accounting for 59.65% and 50.18% respectively. Under the condition of short-burst rainstorm, the water transportation rate of the three forestlands in the early and late stages of monitoring were different. And the main transport ation ranges of soil water in arboreal lands and shrubland were 0-70 cm, while the main transport ranges of soil water in grassland was 0-50 cm. The vertical transportation of soil water was the main form of shallow groundwater recharge. The shallow groundwater recharge ratio by soil water of grassland was 55.91%, and it was significantly higher than that of arboreal lands and shrubland. Conclusion: The vegetation type had certain influence on the characteristic of soil water cycling in the study area, forestland had a strong utilization of deep soil water, and the grassland was more conducive to precipitation infiltration and shallow groundwater recharge.

Key words: vegetation type, hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes, water transportation, water cycling, Hani Terrace

中图分类号:

普慧梅,李源,吴锦奎,马泽,宋维峰. 哈尼梯田水源区3种典型植被下不同水体的氢氧稳定同位素特征及相互关系[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(5): 1-9.

Huimei Pu,Yuan Li,Jinkui Wu,Ze Ma,Weifeng Song. Characteristics and Interrelations of Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotopes among Different Water Bodies under Three Typical Vegetation in The Water Conservation Area of Hani Terrace[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(5): 1-9.

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植被类型 Vegetation type	样方 Quadrat	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude/m	坡向 Aspect	主要植物 Major plant species	盖度 Cover degree (%)
乔木林 Arbor forest	A-1	102°46′10″E， 23°5′37″N	2 022.8	东 East	西南山茶Camellia pitardii、白花悬钩子Rubus Leucanthus、土茯苓Smilax glabra	80
	A-2	102°46′11″E， 23°5′37″N	2 020.9		印度木荷Schima khasiana、野牡丹Melastoma candidum、金粉蕨onychium japonicum	90
	A-3	102°46′11″E， 23°5′37″N	2 020.5		灰木Symplocos pilosa、香面叶Lindera caudata.、菝契Smilax china	85
灌木林 Shrub forest	S-1	102°46′17″E， 23°5′44″N	1 976.5	东 East	粗梗连蕊茶C.crassipes、臭牡丹Clerodendrum bungee、团花新木姜子Neolitsea homilantha	98
	S-2	102°46′18″E， 23°5′44″N	1 968.1		大理茶C. taliensis、云南连蕊茶C. tsaii、喜花草Eranthemum pulchellum	98
	S-3	102°46′18″E， 23°5′45″N	1 966.8		翠云草Selaginella uncinate、野草莓Fragaria vesca、毛叶滇南杜鹃Rhododendron tutcherae	96
荒草地 Grassland	G-1	102°46′16″E， 23°5′57″N	1 924.2	东 East	爵床Rostellularia procumbens	90
	G-2	102°46′16″E， 23°7′27″N	1 923.8		叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria	85
	G-3	102°46′16″E， 23°5′51″N	1 921.5		芨草Achnatherum splendens	90

水体类型 Water body type	植被类型 Vegetation type	δ D (‰)				δ ¹⁸O (‰)
水体类型 Water body type	植被类型 Vegetation type	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	均值 Average	标准差 Std. deviation	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	均值 Average	标准差 Std. deviation
降水Precipitation		-19	-142	-73.8	28.05	-3.3	-18.7	-10.31	3.58
地表水Surface water		-35	-80	-66.5	10.80	-5.8	-11.4	-9.57	1.68
浅层地下水 Shallow groundwater		-56	-75	-65.7	6.38	-8.4	-10.9	-9.55	0.99
土壤水 Soil water	乔木林 Arbor forest	-35	-90	-68.4	10.09	-5.3	-12.2	-9.68	1.34
	灌木林 Shrub forest	-37	-87	-70.4	9.42	-5.1	-11.9	-9.82	1.28
	荒草地 Grassland	-42	-88	-71.9	9.57	-5.7	-12.3	-10.02	1.26

水体类型 Water body type	植被类型 Vegetation type	氢氧同位素关系 Relationship between δ D and δ¹⁸O	R	P	样品数 Number of samples
降水Precipitation		δ D=7.718 δ¹⁸O+5.394	0.990	0.000	65
地表水Surface water		δ D=5.773 δ¹⁸O -11.285	0.900	0.002	14
浅层地下水 Shallow groundwater		δ D=6.103 δ¹⁸O-7.389	0.944	0.001	9
土壤水 Soil water	乔木林Arbor forest	δ D=7.205 δ¹⁸O+1.163	0.955	0.000	176
	灌木林Shrub forest	δ D=7.180 δ¹⁸O+0.145	0.977	0.000	171
	荒草地Grassland	δ D=7.298 δ¹⁸O+1.347	0.958	0.000	177

植被类型 Vegetation type	δ¹⁸O (‰)			补给比例 Conversion ratio (%)
植被类型 Vegetation type	降水 Precipitation	浅层地下水 Shallow groundwater	土壤水 Soil water	降水 Precipitation	浅层地下水Shallow groundwater
乔木林Arbor forest	-13.48	-10.63	-11.78	40.35	59.65
灌木林Shrub forest	-13.48	-10.63	-12.05	49.82	50.18
荒草地Grassland	-13.48	-10.63	-12.54	67.02	32.98

植被类型 Vegetation type	δ¹⁸O (‰)			补给比例 Conversion ratio (%)
植被类型 Vegetation type	地表水 Surface water	浅层地下水 Shallow groundwater	土壤水 Soil water	地表水 Surface water	土壤水 Soil water
乔木林地Arbor forest	-9.56	-10.27	-11.75	67.58	32.42
灌木林地Shrub forest	-9.56	-10.27	-11.38	60.99	39.01
荒草地Grassland	-9.56	-10.27	-10.83	44.09	55.91