林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (4): 11-21.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220402
杨治华,陈雪梅,陈春桦,张丽苗,董智,谭雪,李昌晓*
收稿日期:
2020-10-21
出版日期:
2022-04-25
发布日期:
2022-07-20
通讯作者:
李昌晓
基金资助:
Zhihua Yang,Xuemei Chen,Chunhua Chen,Limiao Zhang,Zhi Dong,Xue Tan,Changxiao Li*
Received:
2020-10-21
Online:
2022-04-25
Published:
2022-07-20
Contact:
Changxiao Li
摘要:
目的: 研究池杉种皮和种子休眠的关系,明确其种子休眠原因,为池杉种子育苗提供理论依据。方法: 对新鲜采收的池杉种子,通过种子和种皮结构观察,萌发试验、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)活力、种皮透水性测定、种子内源抑制物的提取以及浸提液对白菜幼苗生长的生物测定试验,研究种皮特性对池杉种子休眠的影响。结果: 1) 种皮由外到内依次为:外表皮、外种皮、中种皮和内种皮;与对照相比,热水处理会促进外表皮脱落,但对种皮结构无明显影响,种皮透性无明显改变;酸蚀处理会使种皮表面出现腐蚀裂痕和腐蚀坑,且腐蚀裂痕和腐蚀坑随酸蚀处理时间延长而增多,种皮结构进一步受损,种皮透性增加。2) 新采收种子生活力为80.95%,但不萌发,具有显著休眠现象。3) 种皮具有一定的透水性,种仁能吸收到部分水分,酸蚀处理利于促进种仁吸水,而坚硬的种皮在一定程度上阻碍种仁吸水膨胀,使种仁吸涨缓慢,并可能对胚根的伸长和生长产生机械阻力。4) 种子含有内源抑制物质,各浓度甲醇浸提液对幼苗和根生长的抑制强度均表现为:种皮>种仁,说明种子内的抑制物质主要存在于种皮,种仁中含量较少。5) 种皮甲醇浸提液的分离和白菜幼苗的生物测定结果表明,池杉种皮甲醇浸提液各分离相均对白菜幼苗生长有不同程度的抑制作用。各分离相浓度为1 g·mL-1对白菜苗高的抑制强度表现为石油醚相>乙酸乙酯相>乙醚相>甲醇相>水相,对白菜根长的抑制强度表现为石油醚相>甲醇相>水相>乙酸乙酯相>乙醚相,即石油醚相抑制白菜苗高和根长的作用最强。结论: 池杉种皮的透水性不是引起池杉种子休眠的主要因素,但种皮的机械束缚可能导致种子发芽迟缓。池杉种皮的抑制物质主要集中于甲醇浸提液的石油醚相中,它们可能是一些极性较小的物质。因此,池杉种皮的结构和内源抑制物质是导致种子休眠的主要原因,池杉种子可能是兼具物理休眠和生理休眠的复合休眠。
中图分类号:
杨治华,陈雪梅,陈春桦,张丽苗,董智,谭雪,李昌晓. 池杉种皮特性和种子休眠原因[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(4): 11-21.
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