重大害虫长林小蠹入侵我国的首次发现与侵染特征

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210513

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 明确国际重大林业检疫性害虫长林小蠹在我国的入侵、定殖并严重危害，研究其形态特征、分子鉴定和危害特点，为该虫的监测及防控提供理论基础。方法: 对采自山东省烟台市牟平区日本黑松根部的小蠹幼虫、蛹及成虫进行形态学观察、拍照和比对。提取其基因组DNA，利用小蠹亚科通用引物扩增核糖体大亚基（28S）和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）序列进行测序，在NCBI数据库中进行序列比对。初步调查长林小蠹的危害特点。结果: 成虫形态特征完全符合长林小蠹的描述；基于28S基因序列构建系统发育树（ML树）显示，山东烟台小蠹样本与厦门口岸截获来自于澳大利亚进口辐射松原木的样本序列，以及德国样本序列和美国样本序列聚成一支，置信度为100%；样本COⅠ序列单倍型与海关截获的来源于新西兰辐射松上长林小蠹样本单倍型相同，明确外来入侵种长林小蠹已在我国定殖。该虫严重危害寄主树木根部。结论: 首次发现重大入侵害虫长林小蠹在我国的定殖与严重危害，已明确主要形态鉴别特征及初步侵害特性；基因序列分析结果可用于开发快速鉴定技术和溯源分析，同时为虫害检测与监测提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 长林小蠹, 形态特征, 分子鉴定, 危害特性

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to clarify the invasion, colonization, and severe damage of the major international forest quarantine pest Hylurgus ligniperda in China. The morphological characteristics, molecular identification, and damage characteristics were studied, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and control of this pest. Method: The morphological characteristics of the larvae, pupae, and adults H. ligniperda collected from the roots of Pinus thunbergii in Muping District, Yantai City, Shandong Province were observed, photographed, and compared. The genomic DNA was extracted, and the sequences of the large ribosomal subunit 28S and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) were amplified and sequenced using general primers of the subfamily. The sequences were compared with the existing sequences in the NCBI database. The damage characteristics of H. ligniperda were preliminarily investigated. Result: The morphological characteristics of the adults were completely consistent with the description of H. ligniperda. The phylogenetic tree (ML tree) based on the 28S gene sequences showed that the samples from Yantai Shandong, Xiamen Port intercepted samples from Australian Radiata Pine logs, the German samples, and the American samples were clustered into one branch with 100% confidence. The Yantai Shangdong samples shared the same haplotype with the H. ligniperda samples intercepted from New Zealand Radiata Pine logs based on COⅠ sequence, indicating that the invasive alien species H. ligniperda has been established in China. This insect seriously damages roots of the host trees. Conclusion: It is the first time to find the colonization and serious damage of the major invasive pest, H. ligniperda, in China. The main morphological characteristics have been identified, and the infestation characteristics have been preliminarily clarified. The results of gene sequence analysis provide a basis for developing rapid identification technology and traceability analysis. This study would provide a theoretical basis and technical support for its detection and monitoring.

Key words: Hylurgus ligniperda, morphological characteristics, molecular identification, damaging characteristics

中图分类号:

任利利,陶静,武海卫,宗世祥,王传珍,华德,石娟,刘漪舟,骆有庆. 重大害虫长林小蠹入侵我国的首次发现与侵染特征[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 140-150.

Lili Ren,Jing Tao,Haiwei Wu,Shixiang Zong,Chuanzhen Wang,De Hua,Juan Shi,Yizhou Liu,Youqing Luo. The First Discovery and Infective Characteristics of A Major Invasive Pest Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 140-150.

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序号 No.	基因 Gene	引物名称 Primers	引物序列 Sequences	退火温度 Annealing T/℃	参考文献 References
1	COⅠ	S1718	5'-GGAGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAGTTCC-3'	46	Jordal et al., 2011
2		A2411	5'-GCTAATCATCTAAAAACTTTAATTCCWGTWG-3'	46
3	28S	S3690	5'-GAGAGTTMAASAGTACGTGAAAC-3'	55
4		A4394	5'-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3'	55

NCBI登录号 NCBI accession No.	物种名称 Species	采集地 Location
JX263769	长林小蠹 Hylurgus ligniperda	新西兰奥克兰 Auckland, New Zealand
MH005064	长林小蠹 Hylurgus ligniperda	厦门口岸截获来自于澳大利亚辐射松 Xiamen port intercepted from the Australian Radiata Pine
KJ531125	长林小蠹 Hylurgus ligniperda	德国Germany
JX263770	米林小蠹 Hylurgus micklitzi	西班牙Spain
HQ883927	Hylastes opacus	瑞典Sweden
KJ531123	Hylastes attenuates	德国Germany
AF308364	Hylurgops rugipennis	美国USA
JX263728	Hylurgops glabratus	挪威Norway
AF308365	Hylesinus varius	美国USA
JX263725	Hylesinus toranio	英格兰England
HQ883592	纵坑切梢小蠹 Tomicus piniperda	挪威Norway
AF308386	黑脂大小蠹 Dendroctonus terebrans	美国USA
HQ883591	云杉大小蠹 Dendroctonus micans	爱沙尼亚Estonia
AF308385	山松大小蠹 Dendroctonus ponderosae	美国USA
AF308380	间大小蠹 Dendroctonus adjunctus	美国USA
FJ867678	黄杉大小蠹 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae	美国USA
MH997403	南方松大小蠹 Dendroctonus frontalis	墨西哥Mexico
JX263669	Bothrosternus foveatus	哥斯达黎加Costa Rica

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