林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 151-159.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210514
张梦蝶1,钱路兵1,泽桑梓2,杨斌1,李宗波1,*
收稿日期:
2019-10-18
出版日期:
2021-05-25
发布日期:
2021-07-09
通讯作者:
李宗波
基金资助:
Mengdie Zhang1,Lubing Qian1,Sangzi Ze2,Bin Yang1,Zongbo Li1,*
Received:
2019-10-18
Online:
2021-05-25
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
Zongbo Li
摘要:
目的: 探究一种能准确反映云南切梢小蠹幼虫发育状况的化学分类指标,以便提高虫害预测预报精度及害虫综合管理能力。方法: 基于形态指标,包括头壳宽、体长、上颚长与宽划分龄数,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对云南切梢小蠹不同龄数幼虫的正己烷浸提液进行检测,结合谱库检索、科瓦特指数、C8-C40烷烃混合标品等确定化合物种类和含量,用主成分分析和随机森林进行成分分析,并对比龄级间化合物含量的变化。结果: 云南切梢小蠹幼虫表皮碳氢化合物由正链烷烃、支链烷烃和烯烃3类19种化合物组成,正链烷烃以正二十五烷为代表,占比55.02%±8.20%;支链烷烃以13-甲基-二十九烷含量最高,占整个支链烷烃94.04%±14.02%;烯烃类以1,21-二十二烷二烯为主,占比63.03%±0.39%。随幼虫龄数增加,碳数、碳链长度和种类均明显增加,含量呈指数级递增(y=e0.086 5x-0.629,R=0.911),其中1龄幼虫有8种,含量为每虫2.32 ng±0.59 ng;2龄幼虫有8种,含量为每虫44.40 ng±11.46 ng;3龄幼虫有17种,含量为每虫280.75 ng±72.48 ng。第一主成分和第二主成分联合贡献率为81.7%,可将不同龄数的云南切梢小蠹幼虫明显区分开,龄级与龄级间无重叠,划分的标准明显优于形态指标法;化合物2,6,11-三甲基-十二烷、正十五烷、正十九烷、正二十三烷、正二十五烷具有较大的重要性,龄级间含量亦有显著差异(P < 0.000 1),2,6,11-三甲基-十二烷可用于1龄幼虫的标识性物质,正二十三烷和正二十五烷可识别2龄和3龄幼虫。结论: 云南切梢小蠹不同龄数幼虫的表皮碳氢化合物种类与含量有显著差异,2,6,11-三甲基-十二烷可用于1龄幼虫识别,正二十三烷和正二十五烷可用于识别2龄和3龄幼虫,幼虫表皮碳氢化合物能作为划分龄数的最佳分类指标。
中图分类号:
张梦蝶,钱路兵,泽桑梓,杨斌,李宗波. 云南切梢小蠹幼虫表皮碳氢化合物与龄数的相关性[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(5): 151-159.
Mengdie Zhang,Lubing Qian,Sangzi Ze,Bin Yang,Zongbo Li. Correlation between Cuticular Hydrocarbons and Instar Numbers of the Larvae of Yunnan Shoot Borer, Tomicus Yunnanensis(Coleoptera: Scolytidae)[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(5): 151-159.
表1
云南切梢小蠹幼虫各项测量指标的分龄与统计①"
指标 Variable | 龄数 Instar | 样本 Sample | 均值±标准误差 Mean ± SE/mm | 变幅 Range/mm | 变异系数 CV | Brooks指数 Brooks’s ration | Crosby指数 Crosby’s ration | 回归方程 Regression equation | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient(r) |
头壳宽 Head capsule width | 1 | 198 | 0.45±0.04c | 0.274~0.595 | 0.146 | y=e0.357x-2.022 | 0.933 | ||
2 | 394 | 0.78±0.05b | 0.610~0.898 | 0.095 | 1.737 | ||||
3 | 834 | 1.04±0.04a | 0.904~1.279 | 0.070 | 1.333 | -0.233 | |||
体长 Body length | 1 | 198 | 0.99±0.09c | 0.677~1.603 | 0.211 | y=e0.426x-0.240 | 0.801 | ||
2 | 394 | 2.46±0.23b | 1.721~2.999 | 0.149 | 2.463 | ||||
3 | 834 | 4.34±0.16c | 3.026~6.617 | 0.158 | 1.768 | -0.282 | |||
上颚长 Maxilla length | 1 | 15 | 0.21±0.05c | 0.186~0.218 | 0.038 | y=e0.1588x+5.196 | 0.962 | ||
2 | 15 | 0.26±0.07b | 0.251~0.265 | 0.017 | 1.253 | ||||
3 | 15 | 0.29±0.07a | 0.277~0.292 | 0.013 | 1.110 | -0.114 | |||
上颚宽 Maxilla width | 1 | 15 | 0.17±0.04b | 0.152~0.205 | 0.088 | y=e0.1326x+5.070 | 0.808 | ||
2 | 15 | 0.23±0.06a | 0.213~0.245 | 0.036 | 1.315 | ||||
3 | 15 | 0.23±0.06a | 0.217~0.249 | 0.034 | 1.016 | -0.228 |
表2
云南切梢小蠹不同龄数幼虫的表皮碳氢化合物种类、含量及其主成分分析与随机森林判定①"
峰 Peak | 科瓦特指数KI | 化合物 Compound | 龄数 Instar number | 特征向量* Eigenvector | 平均准确度下降# Mean decrease accuracy | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | PC 1 | PC 2 | |||||
1 | 966 | 2, 6-二甲基-1, 3, 5, 7-辛四烯 2, 6-Dimethyl-1, 3, 5, 7-octatetraene | 26.09 | 4.88 | 0.58 | 0.186 | -0.055 | 1.931 | |
2 | 1 200 | 正十二烷 n-Dodecane | 16.35 | 0.98 | 0.18 | 0.273 | -0.188 | 1.977 | |
3 | 1 300 | 正十三烷 n-Tridecane | 11.77 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 0.273 | -0.181 | 2.498 | |
4 | 1 320 | 2, 6, 11-三甲基-十二烷 2, 6, 11-Trimethyldodecane | 4.36 | 0.252 | -0.200 | 9.252 | |||
5 | 1 500 | 正十五烷 n-Pentadecane | 6.71 | 0.10 | 0.254 | -0.203 | 9.721 | ||
6 | 1 700 | 正十七烷 n-Heptadecane | 0.96 | 0.14 | -0.023 | 0.219 | 7.929 | ||
7 | 1 753 | 2, 6, 10, 14-四甲基-十六烷 2, 6, 10, 14-Tetramethylhexadecane | 0.09 | -0.239 | -0.226 | 6.249 | |||
8 | 1 800 | 正十八烷 n-Octadecane | 5.69 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.277 | -0.162 | 4.585 | |
9 | 1 846 | 2-甲基-十八烷 2-Methyloctadecane | 17.23 | 0.61 | 0.223 | -0.170 | 7.292 | ||
10 | 1 900 | 正十九烷 n-Nonadecane | 11.81 | 0.26 | 0.256 | -0.202 | 9.329 | ||
11 | 2 300 | 正二十三烷 n-Tricosane | 19.98 | 7.63 | -0.109 | 0.365 | 9.893 | ||
12 | 2 400 | 正二十四烷 n-Tetracosane | 1.44 | -0.235 | -0.215 | 8.016 | |||
13 | 2 459 | 1, 21-二十二烷二烯 1, 21-Docosadiene | 14.67 | -0.243 | -0.245 | 7.753 | |||
14 | 2 500 | 正二十五烷 n-Pentacosane | 71.11 | 35.77 | -0.160 | 0.358 | 9.468 | ||
15 | 2 600 | 正二十六烷 n-Hexacosane | 3.10 | -0.250 | -0.241 | 6.998 | |||
16 | 2 700 | 正二十七烷 n-Heptacosane | 18.97 | -0.250 | -0.240 | 7.090 | |||
17 | 2 740 | 13-甲基-二十九烷 13-Methylnonacosane | 5.62 | -0.214 | -0.228 | 6.487 | |||
18 | 2 900 | 正二十九烷 n-Nonacosane | 4.10 | -0.241 | -0.247 | 6.525 | |||
19 | 3 047 | 17-三十烯 17-Pentatriacontene | 7.12 | -0.240 | -0.237 | 6.712 |
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