林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 39-50.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210305
臧颢1,刘洪生2,黄锦程2,张祖栋2,欧阳勋志1,宁金魁1,*
收稿日期:
2019-03-11
出版日期:
2021-03-25
发布日期:
2021-04-07
通讯作者:
宁金魁
基金资助:
Hao Zang1,Hongsheng Liu2,Jincheng Huang2,Zudong Zhang2,Xunzhi Ouyang1,Jinkui Ning1,*
Received:
2019-03-11
Online:
2021-03-25
Published:
2021-04-07
Contact:
Jinkui Ning
摘要:
目的: 构建包含竞争指标和气候因子的胸径生长模型, 分析竞争和气候及其交互作用对杉木人工林胸径生长的影响, 为气候变化背景下模拟抚育间伐、择伐后保留木的生长变化奠定基础, 为森林适应性经营中科学合理地对杉木人工林进行间伐、择伐提供依据。方法: 基于江西省赣州市南康区、崇义县和上犹县杉木人工林固定样地数据, 采用潜在生长量修正法构建胸径生长模型。利用分位数回归模拟潜在生长量, 运用7个环境因子(5个气候因子: 调查间隔期的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、降水量和大于5℃的积温; 2个地形因子: 海拔和坡度)反映立地质量对潜在生长量的影响, 依据参数显著性和方差膨胀因子确定可作为自变量的环境因子。采用指数函数形式构建修正函数, 修正函数的竞争因子包括3个林分密度指标和3个单木竞争指标(2个与距离无关的竞争指标和1个与距离有关的竞争指标), 筛选出最优竞争因子后考虑其与5个气候因子间的交互作用对估计精度的影响。通过模型评价, 选出估计精度最高的模型添加样地水平随机效应参数, 用于分析竞争和气候及其交互作用对杉木人工林胸径生长的影响。使用平均绝对误差(MAE)、平均相对误差绝对值(RMAE)和平均预估误差(MPE)评价模型估计精度。结果: 海拔、调查间隔期的最低温度和降水量对杉木人工林胸径潜在生长量具有显著影响。胸径20 cm时, 潜在生长量达到最大值, 调查间隔期的最低温度和降水量对潜在生长量最大值呈正向影响, 而海拔则呈负向影响。对比各竞争指标构建的胸径生长模型估计精度发现, 含与距离无关的竞争指标的生长模型估计精度最高, 其次是含与距离有关的竞争指标的生长模型。鉴于气候和竞争的交互作用可提升模型估计精度, 对比只在修正函数中考虑竞争因子的模型, 考虑交互作用的生长模型MAE降低0.60%~18.69%, MPE降低0.12%~9.72%。竞争因子选用大于对象木的断面积之和, 对应的气候因子选用平均温度、最高温度和最低温度进行交互作用的模型估计精度最好, 以其作为基础模型并添加样地水平随机效应参数构建最终胸径生长模型, 模型估计精度较好, MAE为0.071 1 cm、RMAE为20.37%、MPE为4.90%。基于最终模型发现, 除承受竞争压力很小和竞争压力较大的林木外, 温度变化可加剧竞争对胸径潜在生长量的修正效应。结论: 分位数回归对胸径潜在生长量的模拟效果较好, 气候和竞争的交互作用也可提升模型估计精度, 如果建模区域气候变化较大, 构建单木生长模型时, 建议在模型中考虑气候和竞争的交互作用。
中图分类号:
臧颢,刘洪生,黄锦程,张祖栋,欧阳勋志,宁金魁. 竞争和气候及其交互作用对杉木人工林胸径生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(3): 39-50.
Hao Zang,Hongsheng Liu,Jincheng Huang,Zudong Zhang,Xunzhi Ouyang,Jinkui Ning. Effects of Competition, Climate Factors and Their Interactions on Diameter Growth for Chinese Fir Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(3): 39-50.
表1
数据统计①"
变量Variables | 平均值Mean | 标准差SD | 最大值Max. | 最小值Min. |
年龄Age/a | 11 | 6 | 33 | 4 |
胸径Diameter at breast height(D)/cm | 12.1 | 5.2 | 41.1 | 5.0 |
胸径生长量Diameter increment/(cm·a-1) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 0 |
株数Number of trees (N)(trees·hm-2) | 3 103 | 1 324 | 6 400 | 260 |
断面积Basal area(BA)/(m2·hm-2) | 32.6 | 11.3 | 50.4 | 1.5 |
蓄积Volume/(m3·hm-2) | 136.8 | 63.6 | 244.4 | 1.4 |
海拔Elevation/m | 447 | 195 | 1 170 | 190 |
坡度Slope/(°) | 25 | 7 | 41 | 10 |
平均温度Mean temperature(Tmean)/℃ | 19.3 | 2.1 | 22.1 | 16.0 |
最高温度Maximum temperature(Tmax)/℃ | 31.2 | 2.2 | 34.5 | 28.6 |
最低温度Minimum temperature (Tmin)/℃ | 4.2 | 1.2 | 5.8 | 1.3 |
降水量Precipitation(PPT)/mm | 1 820 | 263 | 2 248 | 1 347 |
大于5 ℃的积温Acumulated temperature greater than 5 ℃(AT5)/℃ | 5 175 | 369 | 5 818 | 4 044 |
表2
式(16)的参数估计"
参数 Parameter | 最小二乘法 Least squares | 分位数回归Quantile regression | |||||||||
τ=0.90 | τ=0.95 | τ=0.99 | |||||||||
估计值 Estimates | 标准差 SD | 估计值 Estimates | 标准差 SD | 估计值 Estimates | 标准差 SD | 估计值 Estimates | 标准差 SD | ||||
a00 | 1.275×10-2 | 2.274×10-3 | 8.600×10-2 | 2.360×10-2 | 2.033×10-1 | 4.223×10-2 | 2.973×10-1 | 1.072×10-1 | |||
a01 | 1.279×10-3 | 3.225×10-4 | 9.373×10-3 | 3.015×10-3 | 1.652×10-2 | 4.300×10-3 | 8.292×10-3 | 4.161×10-3 | |||
a02 | 4.942×10-6 | 1.329×10-6 | 2.598×10-5 | 9.505×10-6 | 4.171×10-5 | 1.638×10-5 | 5.020×10-5 | 1.596×10-5 | |||
a03 | -1.198×10-5 | 2.683×10-6 | -7.412×10-5 | 2.358×10-5 | -1.591×10-4 | 3.745×10-5 | -1.784×10-4 | 8.984×10-5 | |||
a1 | 2.013×101 | 1.101×10-1 | 1.433×101 | 1.543×10-1 | 1.104×101 | 1.448×10-1 | 8.949×10-1 | 2.160×10-1 | |||
a2 | 9.984×10-2 | 7.745×10-3 | 6.921×10-2 | 9.452×10-3 | 5.473×10-2 | 1.147×10-2 | 4.356×10-2 | 1.695×10-2 |
表3
含不同竞争指标的模型评价①"
CI | τ=0.90 | τ=0.95 | τ=0.99 | ||||||||
MAE/cm | RMAE(%) | MPE(%) | MAE/cm | RMAE(%) | MPE(%) | MAE/cm | RMAE(%) | MPE(%) | |||
N | 0.172 0 | 44.41 | 10.65 | 0.165 9 | 38.20 | 9.69 | 0.163 6 | 37.82 | 9.72 | ||
BA | 0.170 8 | 35.92 | 10.36 | 0.169 2 | 35.18 | 10.37 | 0.165 4 | 35.05 | 10.05 | ||
SDI | 0.169 4 | 37.50 | 10.50 | 0.168 4 | 36.34 | 10.21 | 0.168 0 | 35.75 | 9.90 | ||
Rd | 0.143 1 | 38.40 | 9.74 | 0.143 0 | 34.57 | 9.76 | 0.140 2 | 33.91 | 9.49 | ||
BAL | 0.142 1 | 29.48 | 9.07 | 0.136 6 | 28.58 | 8.95 | 0.134 3 | 27.28 | 8.64 | ||
Hegyi_n6 | 0.145 4 | 36.83 | 9.54 | 0.144 3 | 33.41 | 9.24 | 0.143 4 | 31.19 | 9.15 | ||
Hegyi_r5 | 0.145 4 | 36.81 | 9.54 | 0.145 4 | 33.40 | 9.25 | 0.144 3 | 31.49 | 9.15 | ||
Hegyi_von | 0.145 4 | 36.82 | 9.54 | 0.144 3 | 33.40 | 9.24 | 0.142 7 | 32.17 | 9.14 |
表4
含不同交互作用项的模型评价"
备选的交互作用项 Candidate interactions | MAE/ cm | RMAE (%) | MPE (%) | 备选的交互作用项 Candidate interactions | MAE/ cm | RMAE (%) | MPE (%) |
BAL∶Tmean | 0.129 2 | 27.01 | 8.43 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶PPT | 0.125 6 | 27.60 | 8.30 |
BAL∶Tmax | 0.132 0 | 26.50 | 8.58 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶AT5 | 0.126 1 | 27.39 | 8.29 |
BAL∶Tmin | 0.131 4 | 25.76 | 8.60 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶PPT | 0.122 0 | 25.68 | 8.19 |
BAL∶PPT | 0.133 5 | 26.19 | 8.63 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶AT5 | 0.129 0 | 27.36 | 8.40 |
BAL∶AT5 | 0.129 3 | 26.98 | 8.44 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.128 7 | 27.46 | 8.37 |
BAL∶Tmean+BAL∶Tmax | 0.125 5 | 26.95 | 8.29 | BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶PPT | 0.131 4 | 26.61 | 8.53 |
BAL∶Tmean+BAL∶Tmin | 0.129 2 | 26.93 | 8.44 | BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶AT5 | 0.111 0 | 25.24 | 7.85 |
BAL∶Tmean+BAL∶PPT | 0.128 2 | 26.92 | 8.39 | BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.125 6 | 27.44 | 8.31 |
BAL∶Tmean+BAL∶AT5 | 0.129 1 | 27.52 | 8.39 | BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.122 3 | 25.69 | 8.20 |
BAL∶Tmax+BAL∶Tmin | 0.131 7 | 26.68 | 8.54 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶PPT | 0.109 3 | 21.39 | 7.87 |
BAL∶Tmax+BAL∶PPT | 0.130 9 | 26.42 | 8.52 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶AT5 | 0.110 5 | 23.37 | 7.80 |
BAL∶Tmax+BAL∶AT5 | 0.125 6 | 26.88 | 8.30 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.126 2 | 28.18 | 8.29 |
BAL∶Tmin+BAL∶PPT | 0.133 3 | 26.87 | 8.60 | BAL∶ Tmean +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.121 9 | 25.93 | 8.16 |
BAL∶Tmin+BAL∶AT5 | 0.129 3 | 26.90 | 8.45 | BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶ Tmin +BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.109 8 | 21.46 | 7.80 |
BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.128 3 | 26.88 | 8.39 | BAL∶ Tave +BAL∶ Tmax +BAL∶ Tmin + BAL∶PPT+BAL∶AT5 | 0.109 2 | 23.65 | 7.96 |
BAL∶Tmean+BAL∶Tmax+BAL∶Tmin | 0.110 6 | 21.30 | 7.81 | — | — | — | — |
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