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林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 80-88.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200810

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

景观格局对松褐天牛种群密度的影响

李叶晨1,2,郭雅洁1,2,翁小倩1,2,林先云3,池金良3,陈红英3,吴松青1,2,张飞萍1,2,*   

  1. 1. 福建农林大学林学院 福州 350002
    2. 生态公益林重大有害生物防控福建省高校重点实验室 福州 350002
    3. 福建省顺昌县林业局 顺昌 353200
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-26 出版日期:2020-08-25 发布日期:2020-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 张飞萍
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0600105);国家自然科学基金项目(31601905);福建省林业科学研究项目;福建农林大学优秀研究生学位论文资助基金项目(闽农林大研[2019]02)

Influence of Landscape Patterns on Population Density of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Yechen Li1,2,Yajie Guo1,2,Xiaoqian Weng1,2,Xianyun Lin3,Jinliang Chi3,Hongying Chen3,Songqing Wu1,2,Feiping Zhang1,2,*   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002
    2. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002
    3. Shunchang County Forestry Bureau of Fujian Province Shunchang 353200
  • Received:2019-08-26 Online:2020-08-25 Published:2020-09-15
  • Contact: Feiping Zhang

摘要:

目的: 明确景观格局与松褐天牛种群密度及成虫发生期的关系,为制定利用景观格局调控松褐天牛种群的技术措施提供理论依据。方法: 采用景观生态学的研究方法,应用诱捕法对福建省顺昌县4个乡镇马尾松林的松褐天牛种群数量进行监测,将其发生期划分为3个时期并构建时间动态模型,利用ARCGIS、ENVI、FRAGSTATS软件对景观信息进行提取划分和景观指数计算,分析斑块类型与景观2个水平上的景观指数同松褐天牛种群密度及成虫发生期的相关性。结果: 共捕获松褐天牛139 321头;埔上镇始盛期(T)结束的时间最早,双溪街道始盛期结束时间最晚,高峰期(P)与盛末期(L)结束时间最早,而大干镇在这2个时期上结束最晚;斑块类型水平上,松褐天牛种群密度与林地斑块面积及道路斑块数量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.952、0.959,与农田斑块面积呈显著负相关(R=-0.963),与道路斑块分离度也呈显著负相关(R=-0.968);景观水平上,景观总面积与松褐天牛种群密度具有显著正相关(R=0.970),松褐天牛种群密度随景观丰富度的升高而降低,相关系数为-0.958;林地斑块的密度和聚合度对成虫发生的不同时期有重要影响,成虫发生的高峰期与道路斑块的密度和面积有较强的正相关,城市、农田、水域3种斑块的密度与面积均与松褐天牛成虫的发生期呈负相关,而景观总面积与成虫的不同发生期呈正相关。结论: 林地斑块面积、道路斑块数量与松褐天牛种群密度呈显著正相关,而道路斑块的分离度、农田斑块面积与松褐天牛种群密度呈负相关。林地与道路斑块的密度与松褐天牛的始盛期、高峰期、盛末期的结束时间长短呈正相关,而城市、农田、水域3种斑块类型的密度及面积则呈负相关。景观格局不仅能够影响松褐天牛的种群密度,还能够影响其种群发生的时间动态。

关键词: 松褐天牛, 景观格局, 景观指数, 种群密度, 成虫发生期

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to clarify the relationship between landscape patterns and population density and adulthood occurrence period of Monochamus alternatus, which may lay the theoretical foundation for formulating the technical measures to control the population of M. alternatus with landscape patterns. Method: With the method of landscape ecology, the population number of M. alternatus in Pinus massoniana stands in 4 townships of Shunchang County, Fujian Province was monitored by the trapping method. The occurrence period of M. alternatus adulthood was divided into three periods and time dynamic model was established. ARCGIS, ENVI and FRAGSTATS software were used to extract and divide the landscape information and calculate the landscape index. The correlations between the landscape index at the Class-level and the landscape-level and the population density and adulthood occurrence period of M. alternatus were analyzed. Result: A total of 139 321 M. alternatus were captured in the four study areas. The peak period (T) in Pushang Town ended the earliest, the peak period (P) and the late period (L) in Shuangxi Subdistrict ended the earliest, while Dagan Town ended the latest in these two periods. At the patch type level, the population density of M. alternatus was significantly positively correlated with the area of forest patch and the number of roads patch, and the correlation coefficient was 0.952 and 0.959, respectively. The population density of M. alternatus was significantly negatively correlated with farmland patch area (R=-0.963) and the division index of roads (R=-0.968). At the landscape-level, the total area of landscape was significant positively correlated with the population density of M. alternatus (R=0.970), and the population density of M. alternatus decreased with the increase of the landscape richness, with a correlation coefficient of -0.958. The density and aggregation of forest patch had an important impact on the different period of adult occurrence. The peak period of adult occurrence had a strong positive correlation with the density and area of road patches. The density and area of urban, farmland and water patches were negatively correlated with the occurrence period of M. alternatus adults, but the total area of landscape was significant positively correlated with the different occurrence periods of adults. Conclusion: The area of forest patch and the number of roads patch are significantly positively correlated with the density of M. alternatus, but there was a negative correlation between division of road patch and the patch area of farmland and the density in this species. The density of forest patch and road patch is positively correlated with the end time of thriving, peak and late period of M. alternatus, while the density and area of urban, farmland and water patches are negatively correlated. In general, landscape pattern cannot only affect the population density of M. alternatus, but also affect the temporal dynamics of the occurrence of the population.

Key words: Monochamus alternatus, landscape patterns, landscape index, population density, adult stage

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