林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 176-183.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200520
杨佳骏,吴永波*,张燕红
收稿日期:
2019-03-25
出版日期:
2020-05-01
发布日期:
2020-06-13
通讯作者:
吴永波
基金资助:
Jiajun Yang,Yongbo Wu*,Yanhong Zhang
Received:
2019-03-25
Online:
2020-05-01
Published:
2020-06-13
Contact:
Yongbo Wu
摘要:
目的: 研究‘南林895杨’扦插苗生长与细胞超微结构对高温、干旱及其复合胁迫的响应,探讨胁迫下叶片形态、生长与细胞超微结构损伤程度之间的关联机制,以期从形态和细胞学角度研究对不同胁迫响应机制的差异。方法: ‘南林895杨’扦插苗,设置不同的温度和水分梯度,比较高温、干旱单因素胁迫及复合胁迫下的扦插苗生长形态指标,并通过透射电镜观察超微结构变化。结果: 1)在高温、干旱单一胁迫和复合胁迫下,杨树地径、株高、生物量、叶分配指数均有不同程度下降,叶缘分裂程度、根茎比和根分配指数增大,复合胁迫对生长形态指标的影响大于单一胁迫;2)在高温、干旱单一和复合胁迫下,扦插苗叶片超微结构均受到不同程度的损伤,表现为叶绿体膨胀,膜系统紊乱,基粒片层扩张消融,嗜锇颗粒数量增多,淀粉颗粒减少以及重度胁迫下细胞排列松散。超微结构损伤程度与胁迫强度基本一致,重度高温胁迫比干旱胁迫对超微结构的影响更显著,复合胁迫对幼苗超微结构的影响大于单一胁迫。结论: 高温、干旱胁迫下叶片超微结构的损伤影响植物的光合作用和细胞内环境的稳定,正常的生理过程受到影响,并最终反映在植物生长形态变化上。‘南林895杨’扦插苗叶片超微结构的损伤程度与形态结构的变化基本一致,说明从形态和细胞学角度来揭示植物的胁迫响应机制是可行的。
中图分类号:
杨佳骏,吴永波,张燕红. 高温与干旱胁迫对‘南林895杨’扦插苗生长和超微结构的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 176-183.
Jiajun Yang,Yongbo Wu,Yanhong Zhang. Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stresses on the Growth and Ultrastructure of Populus×euramericana 'Nanlin-895' Cutting Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(5): 176-183.
表1
高温和干旱胁迫对‘南林895杨’幼苗生长的影响①"
温度 Temperature/℃ | 田间持水量 Field capacity(%) | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Height/cm | 地径 Diameter/cm | 叶缘分裂程度 Leaf perimeter/area |
25 | 70 | T0D0 | 102±5.47a | 1.07±0.1a | 0.39±0.01c |
55 | T0D1 | 81.33±2.71b | 0.83±0.02b | 0.44±0.02c | |
40 | T0D2 | 73.47±2.59bc | 0.79±0.07b | 0.52±0.02bc | |
35 | 70 | T1D0 | 95.8±5.49a | 1.03±0.12a | 0.42±0.01c |
55 | T1D1 | 72.27±2.45c | 0.76±0.02b | 0.58±0.03a | |
40 | T1D2 | 62.8±4.63de | 0.73±0.04b | 0.54±0.02ab | |
40 | 70 | T2D0 | 70.27±2.97cd | 0.81±0.09b | 0.58±0.04a |
55 | T2D1 | 60.8±2.12e | 0.77±0.08b | 0.51±0.01bc | |
40 | T2D2 | 58.93±3.69e | 0.68±0.04b | 0.43±0.03c |
表2
高温和干旱胁迫对杨树苗器官生物量分配的影响"
温度 Temperature/℃ | 田间持水量 Field capacity(%) | 地上部分 Aboveground part/g | 茎 Stem/g | 叶 Leaf/g | 根 Root/g | 总生物量 Total biomass/g | 根茎比 Root to shoot ratio |
25 | 70 | 60.39±3.22a | 43.03±1.49a | 17.37±1.49a | 18.71±0.37a | 79.10±2.98a | 0.31±0.02 d |
55 | 43.80±3.05bc | 31.33±3.63bc | 12.47±3.63ab | 16.34±0.82ab | 60.14±2.48bc | 0.38±0.04cd | |
40 | 34.78±1.82cd | 27.25±0.31cd | 7.53±0.31bcd | 14.26±1.07bc | 49.04±2.68cd | 0.41±0.02bc | |
35 | 70 | 51.40±6.4ab | 39.11±4.75ab | 12.29±4.75abc | 16.97±3.00ab | 68.37±9.4ab | 0.33±0.02d |
55 | 43.16±6.52bc | 31.55±2.58bc | 11.61±2.58abc | 15.50±1.25ab | 58.65±7.73bc | 0.36±0.03cd | |
40 | 35.05±7.2cd | 25.70±3.23cd | 9.36±3.23bcd | 15.90±1.4ab | 50.95±8.48cd | 0.46±0.06ab | |
40 | 70 | 26.54±5.24de | 20.37±1.7de | 6.17±1.7cd | 11.34±1.82cd | 37.89±7.06de | 0.43±0.01bc |
55 | 21.92±4.26e | 16.52±2.02e | 5.40±2.02d | 10.16±2.33d | 32.08±6.59e | 0.46±0.02ab | |
40 | 19.46±3.08e | 15.19±0.93e | 4.26±0.93d | 9.84±1.32d | 29.30±4.29e | 0.51±0.04a |
图1
正常温度和水分条件下的‘南林895’扦插苗叶肉细胞的超微结构 A:多排叶肉细胞Multiple mesophyll cells;B:单个叶肉细胞Single mesophyll cell;C:细胞核Nucleus;D:叶绿体Chloroplast;E:叶绿体片层Grana layer. CW:细胞壁Cell wall;V:液泡Vacuole;VM:液泡膜Vacuole membrane;N:细胞核Nucleus;NM:核膜Nuclear membrane;M:线粒体Mitochondria;Chl:叶绿体Chloroplast;CM:叶绿体膜Chloroplast envelope;G:基粒片层Grana layer;O:嗜锇体Osmophore;S:淀粉粒Starch grain.下同。The same below."
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