与林内小气候舒适度相关的城市森林冠层结构指数选择

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200204

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 选择与林内小气候舒适度相关的城市森林冠层结构指数，为进一步优化城市森林结构、改善城市森林热环境提供参考。方法: 以与城市森林降温效应相关度较高的一维度冠层结构指标（包括叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、冠层厚度、枝下高、冠高比和冠层通透度）为基础，从林内外空气流动和能量交换的角度，构建多维度城市森林冠层结构指数，通过相关分析筛选对小气候舒适度解释度较高的城市森林冠层结构指数。结果: 一维度冠层结构指标与林内舒适度（S）、舒适度相对变化（S_d）呈弱度相关关系，对S的解释力为0~30.5%，对S_d的解释力为0~53.5%；多维度冠层结构指数对S和S_d的解释程度明显提升，对S的解释力为0~37.5%，对S_d的解释力为30.9%~55.1%；热垂直扩散结构指数和热水平扩散结构指数的协同作用对S的解释程度相对较高（43.5%）；垂直冠层指数和树冠垂直均匀指数的协同作用对S_d的解释程度最高（63.9%）。结论: 城市森林舒适度和舒适度相对变化受多个冠层结构指标和指数共同影响，所构建的多维度冠层结构指数（包括热垂直扩散结构指数、热水平扩散结构指数、综合热扩散结构指数、垂直冠层指数、树冠均匀指数、树冠垂直均匀指数和冠层综合指数）与林内小气候舒适度及其相对变化相关性较高。

关键词: 城市森林, 降温效应, 舒适度, 冠层结构, 叶面积指数

Abstract:

Objective: In order tooptimizethe structure of the urban forestsand to improve thermal environment, canopy structure indices related to comfort of microclimate were constructed and screened. Method: One dimension canopy structure indicators(including leaf area index, mean tilt angle of leat, canopy thickness, under branch height, ratio of canopy thickness to tree height, and the permeability of the canopy), highly correlatedwith urban forest cooling effect, were selected to construct multidimensional canopy structure indices on the basis of both air flow and energy exchange in and out of the forests. Furthermore, correlation analysis was used to select canopy structure indices with high explanation to the microclimate comfort in the forests. Result: The one dimension canopy structure indicators were weakly correlated with the comfort degree in the forest (S) and the relative variationin comfort (S_d), whose explanatory power to S was between 0 and 30.5%and the explanatory power to S_d was between 0 and 53.5%; The multidimensional canopy structure indices significantly improved the interpretation to S and S_d, which were 0 to 37.5%and 30.9% to 55.1% respectively; The synergistic effect on S of the structure index for vertical heat diffuse and the structure index for horizonta heat diffuse was 43.5% relatively large. The synergistic effect on S_d of the vertical canopy index and the canopy vertical evenness index was 63.9%, the highest, among others. Conclusion: The comfort and the relative variationin comfortin urban forests are influenced by several structureindicators and indices jointly. The multidimensional canopy structure indices (including structure index for vertica heat diffuse, structure index for horizontal heat diffuse, comprehensive structure index for heat diffuse, vertical canopy index, canopy uniformity index, canopy vertical evenness index and comprehensive canopy index), constructed in this paper are highly correlated with comfort degree and its relative variation, providing a reference for the optimization of urban forest structure.

Key words: urban forest, cooling effect, degree of comfort, canopy structure, leaf area index

中图分类号:

S718.51

刘海轩,吴鞠,许丽娟,徐程扬. 与林内小气候舒适度相关的城市森林冠层结构指数选择[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(2): 32-39.

Haixuan Liu,Ju Wu,Lijuan Xu,Chengyang Xu. Selection of Canopy Structure Index of Urban Forest Associated with Comfort Degree of Microclimate Within the Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(2): 32-39.

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胸径范围 Range of DBH/cm	样地数量 Number of sample plots	平均树高 Mean tree height/m	平均冠层厚度 Mean canopy thickness/m	平均冠幅 Mean crown width/m	LAI
≤16.00	166	9.25±0.24	6.25±0.19	4.20±0.08	2.15±0.07
16.01~18.00	227	10.95±0.18	7.51±0.14	4.29±0.07	1.95±0.07
18.01~20.00	496	11.63±0.06	6.38±0.09	5.45±0.02	2.42±0.05
20.01~22.00	129	10.98±0.12	8.47±0.12	5.70±0.06	2.81±0.10
22.01~24.00	147	10.56±0.20	7.99±0.17	6.42±0.06	2.15±0.08
24.01~26.00	129	12.25±0.24	9.25±0.21	6.92±0.07	1.89±0.07
＞26.00	150	13.39±0.24	10.09±0.20	7.73±0.12	1.85±0.07

舒适度指标 Comfort index	一维度树冠结构指标 One dimension indicators of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	Pearson相关性 Pearson correlation		线性回归 Linear regression
舒适度指标 Comfort index	一维度树冠结构指标 One dimension indicators of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P	斜率 Slope	截距 Intercept	R²
S	lg(LAI)	101	-0.309	0.002	-0.013	0.412	0.095
	lg(MTA)	101	0.455	＜0.001	0.042	1.174	0.207
	lg(CTH)	101	0.457	＜0.001	0.001	0.825	0.205
	lg(UBH)	101	0.552	＜0.001	0.013	0.364	0.305
	lg(RCT)	101	0.263	0.011	0.004	-0.203	0.067
	lg(PC)	101	0.066	0.226	—	—	—
S_d	lg(LAI)	82	-0.362	0.001	-0.189	0.319	0.172
	lg(MTA)	82	-0.008	0.871	—	—	—
	lg(CTH)	82	0.058	0.227	—	—	—
	lg(UBH)	82	0.082	0.085	—	—	—
	lg(RCT)	82	0.458	＜0.001	0.086	-0.14	0.21
	lg(PC)	82	0.732	＜0.001	1.181	1.201	0.535

舒适度指标 Comfort index	多维度树冠结构指数 Multidimensional indices of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	Pearson相关性 Pearson correlation		线性回归 Linear regression
舒适度指标 Comfort index	多维度树冠结构指数 Multidimensional indices of canopy structure	样地数量 Number of sample plots	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	P	斜率 Slope	截距 Intercept	R²
S	lg(SIV)	101	0.421	＜0.001	0.04	0.027	0.177
	lg(SIH)	101	0.612	＜0.001	0.015	0.542	0.375
	lg(SIL)	101	-0.016	0.694	—	—	—
	lg(CSI)	101	0.48	＜0.001	0.05	0.604	0.231
S_d	lg(VCI)	82	0.556	＜0.001	0.356	-0.016	0.309
	lg(CU)	82	0.72	＜0.001	1.465	0.979	0.519
	lg(CVE)	82	0.756	＜0.001	1.257	1.43	0.572
	lg(CC)	82	0.743	＜0.001	1.587	1.246	0.551

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