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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 171-177.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190418

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

蜡杨梅与杨梅种间嫁接及亲缘关系分析

梁森苗, 张淑文, 任海英, 郑锡良, 戚行江   

  1. 浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-29 修回日期:2019-01-03 出版日期:2019-04-25 发布日期:2019-04-30
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052-2),浙江省重点研发计划项目(2018C02011),国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203089)。

The Interspecific Grafting and Phylogenetic Analysis of Myrica cerifera and Myrica rubra

Liang Senmiao, Zhang Shuwen, Ren Haiying, Zheng Xiliang, Qi Xingjiang   

  1. Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021
  • Received:2018-01-29 Revised:2019-01-03 Online:2019-04-25 Published:2019-04-30

摘要: [目的]研究蜡杨梅与杨梅的嫁接亲和性及亲缘关系,为杨梅扩展栽培提供参考。[方法]连续3年在浙江余姚滩涂上(土壤pH8.01),以蜡杨梅和杨梅为砧木,以4种主栽品种‘荸荠种’‘东魁’‘夏至红’和‘水晶种’为接穗的种间嫁接,并基于SSR对蜡杨梅和杨梅进行亲缘关系鉴定和聚类分析。调查各砧穗组合的嫁接成活率及相关指标。[结果]杨梅砧穗组合的嫁接成活率为:70.08%~83.75%,其中‘夏至红’接穗的嫁接成活率最高(81.98%),‘荸荠种’次之(80.43%);蜡杨梅砧穗组合的嫁接成活率为27.51%~38.29%,其中,‘东魁’接穗的嫁接成活率最高(34.88%);杨梅砧穗组合的嫁接成活率极显著高于蜡杨梅砧穗组合。不同组合间的T-test显示:蜡杨梅砧穗组合BQ4-6、DK4-6和SJ4-6分别在冠径、干周和植株高度等指标上显著性高于杨梅砧穗组合。6个指标的相关性分析显示:2个砧木群体在连续3年的试验中,嫁接成活率与植株高度和冠径之间均存在显著性正相关,砧木高度与植株高度均呈现显著性负相关。利用127对SSR标记对2个砧木及4个接穗材料进行了多态性检测,聚类分析后分为3个群体,蜡杨梅与杨梅的种间亲缘系数为0.31,杨梅砧木与‘夏至红’亲缘关系最近,与‘荸荠种’次之;蜡杨梅与‘东魁’亲缘关系最近;与嫁接成活率的表现一致,亲缘关系越近成活率越高。[结论]蜡杨梅砧木与杨梅接穗间存在一定的亲和性,而且更适合生长在碱性土壤中。

关键词: 蜡杨梅, 杨梅, 砧木, 种间嫁接, 相关性分析, 聚类分析

Abstract: [Objective] Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubar Sieb. et Zucc.) is an evergreen tree species and suitable for growing in weak acid soil, and it has been cultivated mainly in southern China. Bayberry fruit is ripe in early summer and delicious with attractive color, flavor, and high economic and medicinal value. M. cerifera is suitable for growing in poor alkaline soil, and different from M. rubar. It is of practical significance to study the grafting compatibility and genetic relationship between M. rubar and M. cerifera for expanding M. rubar cultivation.[Method] For three consecutive years, M. rubra and M. cerifera were used as rootstocks, and four cultivated varieties (‘Biqizhong’, ‘Dongkui’, ‘Xiazhihong’ and ‘Shuijingzhong’) as scions, and the interspecific grafting was carried out on the beach of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province (soil pH8.01). The genetic relationship between M. rubar and M. cerifera was identified and clustered based on SSR. After three years of grafting experiments, survival rate of grafting and related indexes of rootstock-scion combinations were investigated.[Results] The grafting survival rate of rootstock-scion combinations of M. rubra was 70.08-83.47%, among which the grafting survival rate of scion of ‘Xiazhihong’ was highest (81.98%), and the grafting survival rate of ‘Biqizhong’ was the second (80.43%). The grafting survival rate of rootstock-scion combinations of M. cerifera were 27.51%-38.29%, among which the grafting survival rate of scion ‘Dongkui’ was highest (34.88%). The grafting survival rate of M. cerifera rootstock-scion combinations was significantly lower than that of M. rubar rootstock-scion combinations. T-test showed that BQ4-6, DK4-6 and SJ4-6 of M. cerifera rootstock-scion combinations had significantly higher crown diameter, dry rootstock perimeter and plant height than those of M. rubra combinations, respectively. The correlation analysis of six indexes showed that there was a significant positive correlation between grafting survival rate and plant height and crown diameter, and a negative correlation between plant height and rootstock height in both rootstock populations over three consecutive years experiment. A total of 127 SSR markers were used to detect DNA polymorphisms of 2 rootstocks and 4 scions, these materials were clustered into 3 groups, and the genetic similarity between M. cerifera and M. rubra was 0.31. The relationship between rootstock of M. rubra and ‘Xiazhihong’ was the closest, followed by ‘Biqizhong’. The rootstock of M. cerifera had the highest relationship coefficients with ‘Dongkui’; it was demonstrated that the closer genetic relationship the higher grafting survival rate.[Conclusion] This study proved that M. cerifera used as rootstocks had to a certain degree grafting affinity with M. rubra scion, which was more suitable than M. rubra rootstocks for growing in alkali soil.

Key words: Myrica cerifera, Myrica rubar, rootstock, interspecific grafting, correlation analysis, cluster analysis

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