关键词: 掌叶木, 种子经济性状, 脂肪酸, 燃料特性, 变异

Abstract: [Objective] The difference and variation patterns of seed economic properties of 1 000-grain weight,kernel rate,oil yield, and seed oil fatty acid of Handeliodendron bodinieri among provenances were studied,and the best provenance for biodiesel material was evaluated and screened.[Method] Seeds of H. bodinieri from five provenances including Leye, Tianlin, Fengshan, and Huanjiang in Guangxi, and Dushan in Guizhou were used as experimental materials. The oil yield of seed,seed kernel and seed coat was determined by Soxhlet extraction after measuring the 1 000-grain weight and kernel rate. The fatty acid composition and content of seed oil were analyzed by gas chromatography. Correlation analysis among seed economic traits and between the traits and geographic-climatic factors were conducted,and cluster analysis of different provenances was performed. On the basis of fuel property of fatty acids,evaluation of different provenances was conducted.[Result] 1) The difference in oil content of seed coat among different provenances was not significant,but extremely significant (P<0.01) in 1 000-grain weight,kernel rate,seed oil yield and seed kernel oil yield,and the average coefficient of variation of these five traits among provenances was 13.7%,in which,1 000-grain weight (210.02 g),kernel rate (68.89%),seed oil yield (43.23 g·(100 g)^-1) and seed kernel oil yield (56.56 g·(100 g)^-1) of Fengshan provenance were all the highest except for seed coat oil yield. 2) 14 long chain fatty acids,including 6 saturated fatty acid,5 monounsaturated fatty acids and 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in the seed oil of H. bodinieri,among which the average mass fraction of unsaturated fatty acid was as high as 94.08%,and the average coefficient of variation among provenances was only 0.53%. Eight major fatty acids (mass fraction >1%) accounted for 98.19% of the total fatty acid of seed oil,and their average coefficient of variation among provenances was 7.21%,among them the average mass fraction of nervonic acid (7.80%) was ranked the 4^th in the list of woody plants known to contain nerve acid. 3)The correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.01,R=0.997) between oil yield of seed and kernel. There were many significant or extremely significant correlations between the major fatty acids except linolenic acid. These main fatty acids were divided into two groups according to the length of carbon chain 22,and promoted each other within group,but reversely promoted between groups. There were extremely significant correlations(P<0.01)among 1 000-grain weight with linolenic acid,kernel rate with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids,seed oil yield with palmitic acid,linoleic acid,erucic acid and single unsaturated fatty acids,and their correlation coefficients were -0.983,-0.964,0.964,-0.998,-0.981,0.995 and 0.976,respectively. The correlations between seed economic traits and geographic-climatic factors were not significant. 4) The cluster analysis showed that five provenances were clustered in 3 groups,in which,2 provenances of Leye and Dushan were clustered in one group,2 provenances of Tianlin and Huanjiang were clustered in one group,and Fengshan provenance was separately clustered in one group. 5) As raw material for biodiesel, the tetracosanoic acid and nervonic acid must be isolated from the seed oil of H. bodinieri which could not meet the CFPP requirement of -10℃. All the evaluated values of Fengshan provenance were the best.[Conclusion] There are abundant variation among provenance of seed economic traits of 1 000-grain weight,kernel rate,seed oil yield,seed kernel oil yield of H. bodinieri. The economic utilization value of seed oil is higher and the low temperature fluidity of seed oil is better. Mass fractions of major fatty acids are in a stable condition with a small degree of dispersion and variation among provenances. The seed economic traits are not significantly affected by geographic-climatic factors and have the characteristics of random variation among provenances,and Fengshan is the best provenance for raw material for biodiesel.

Key words: Handeliodendron bodinieri, seed economic trait, fatty acid, fuel property, variation