侯红亚, 王立海. 2013. 小兴安岭阔叶红松林物种组成及主要种群的空间分布格局. 应用生态学报, 24 (11):3043-3049. (Hou H Y, Wang L H. 2013. Species composition and main populations spatial distribution pattern in Korean pine broad-leaved forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24 (11):3043-3049. [in Chinese]) 侯向阳, 韩进轩. 1997. 长白山红松林主要树种空间格局的模拟分析. 植物生态学报, 21(3):242-249. (Hou X Y, Han J X. 1997. Simulation analysis of spatial patterns of main species in the Korean Pine broadleaved forest in Changbai Mountain. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 21(3):242-249. [in Chinese]) 胡艳波, 惠刚盈, 戚继忠, 等. 2003. 吉林蛟河天然红松阔叶林的空间结构分析. 林业科学研究, 16(5):523-530. (Hu Y B, Hui G Y, Qi J Z, et al. 2003. Analysis of the spatial structure of natural Korean pine broadleaved forest. Forest Research, 16(5):523-530. [in Chinese]) 惠刚盈. 2013. 基于相邻木关系的林分空间结构参数应用研究. 北京林业大学学报, 35(4):1-8. (Hui G Y. 2013. Studies on the application of stand spatial structure parameters based on the relationship of neighborhood trees. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 35(4):1-8. [in Chinese]) 惠刚盈. 1999. 角尺度——一个描述林木个体分布格局的结构参数. 林业科学, 35(1):37-42. (Hui G Y. 1999. The neighbourhood pattern—A new structure parameter for describing distribution of forest tree position. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 35(1):37-42. [in Chinese]) 李俊清. 1986. 阔叶红松林中红松的分布格局及其动态. 东北林业大学学报, 14(1):33-38. (Li J Q. 1986. Distribution pattern and dynamics of Pinus koraiensis in Korean pine broadleaved forests. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 14(1):33-38. [in Chinese]) 孙伟中, 赵士洞. 1997. 长白山北坡椴树阔叶红松林群落主要树种分布格局的研究. 应用生态学报, 8 (2):119-122. (Sun W Z, Zhao S D. 1997. Distribution patterns of main tree species in Tilia broadleaf Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 8 (2):119-122. [in Chinese]) 王蕾,张春雨,赵秀海. 2009. 长白山阔叶红松林的空间分布格局. 林业科学, 45 (5):54-59. (Wang L, Zhang C Y, Zhao X H. 2009. Spatial pattern of Korean pine broadleaved forests in Changbai Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 45 (5):54-59. [in Chinese]) 王雨茜. 2013. 吉林蛟河老龄林群落特征及其与地形关系. 北京:北京林业大学博士学位论文. (Wang Y X. 2013. The community structure characteristics and the relation between the characteristics and terrain features of the old-growth forest in Jiaohe Jilin Province. Beijing:PhD thesis of Beijing Forestry University. [in Chinese]) 徐海, 惠刚盈, 胡艳波, 等. 2006. 天然红松阔叶林不同径阶林木的空间分布特征分析. 林业科学研究, 19(6):687-691. (Xu H, Hui G Y, Hu Y B, et al. 2006. Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of trees with different diameter classes in natural Korean pine broadleaved forest. Forest Research, 19 (6):687-691. [in Chinese]) 阳含熙. 1985. 长白山北坡红松阔叶林主要树种的分布格局. 森林生态系统研究, (5):1-14. (Yang H X. 1985. The distribution pattern of main species of Korean pine broad-leaved forests on northern slope of Changbai Mountains. Forest Ecosystem Research, (5):1-14. [in Chinese]) 祝燕,白帆,刘海丰,等. 2011. 北京暖温带次生林种群分布格局与种间空间关联性. 生物多样性,19 (2):252-259. (Zhu Y, Bai F, Liu H F, et al. 2011. Population distribution patterns and interspecific spatial associations in warm temperate secondary forests, Beijing. Biodiversity Science, 19 (2):252-259. [in Chinese]) Brown J H, Mehlman D H, Stevens G C. 1995. Spatial variation in abundance. Ecology, 76 (7):2028-2043. Bruelheide H, Böhnke M, Both S, et al. 2011 Community assembly during secondary forest succession in a Chinese subtropical forest. Ecological Monographs, 81 (1):25-41. Bruno J F, Stachowicz J J, Bertness M D. 2003. Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18 (3):119-125. Callaway R M, Walker L R. 1997. Competition and facilitation:a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology, 78 (7):1958-1965. Chesson P. 2000. Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31 (1):343-366. Condit R, Ashton P S, Baker P, et al. 2000. Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species. Science, 288 (5470), 1414-1418. Connell J H. 1971. On the roles of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees//den Boer P J, Gradwell G R. Dynamics of numbers in populations. Wageningen, Netherlands:Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, 298-312. Diggle P J. 2003. Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns(2nd ed). London:Arnold. Getzin S, Wiegand T, Wiegand K, et al. 2008. Heterogeneity influences spatial patterns and demographics in forest stands. Journal of Ecology, 96 (4):807-820. Gunatilleke C V S, Gunatilleke I A U N, Esufali S, et al. 2006. Species-habitat associations in a Sri Lankan dipterocarp forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 22 (4):371-384. Harms K E, Condit R, Hubbell S P, et al. 2001. Habitat associations of trees and shrubs in a 50-ha neotropical forest plot. Journal of Ecology, 89 (6):947-959. He F L, Legendre P, LaFrankie J V. 1997. Distribution patterns of tree species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 8 (1):105-114. Hubbell S P. 1997. A unified theory of biogeography and relative species abundance and its application to tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 16 (Suppl 1):S9-S21. Hubbell S P. 2001. The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press. Illian J, Penttinen A, Stoyan H, et al. 2008. Statistical analysis and modelling of spatial point patterns. Chichester:John Wiley and Sons. Janzen D H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. The American Naturalist, 104 (940):501-528. Lai J S, Mi X C, Ren H B, et al. 2009. Species-habitat associations change in a subtropical forest of China. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20 (3):415-423. Legendre P, Mi X C, Ren H B, et al. 2009. Partitioning beta diversity in a subtropical broad-leaved forest of China. Ecology, 90 (3):663-674. Levin S A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology:the Robert H. MacArthur award lecture. Ecology, 73 (6):1943-1967. Loosmore N B, Ford E D. 2006. Statistical inference using the G or K point pattern spatial statistics. Ecology, 87 (8):1925-1931. Lortie C J, Brooker R W, Choler P, et al. 2004. Rethinking plant community theory. Oikos, 107(2):433-438. Luo Z R, Yu M J, Chen D L, et al. 2012. Spatial associations of tree species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Journal of Plant Ecology, 5 (3):346-355. Murrell D, Purves D, Law R. 2002. Intraspecific aggregation and species coexistence. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17 (5):210-211. Pacala S W. 1997. Dynamics of plant communities(2nd edn). Oxford, UK:Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 532-555. Ricklefs R E. 1990. Ecology(3rd edn). New York:W H Freeman and Company. Ripley B D. 1981. Spatial Statistics. New York:Wiley. Stoll P, Prati D. 2001. Intraspecific aggregation alters competitive interactions in experimental plant communities. Ecology, 82 (2):319-327. Stoyan D, Stoyan H. 1994. Fractals, random shapes and point fields. New York:Wiley. Wang X G, Wiegand T, Hao Z Q, et al. 2010. Species associations in an old-growth temperate forest in north-eastern China. Journal of Ecology, 98 (3):674-686. Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N. 2007a. Species associations in a heterogeneous Sri Lankan Dipterocarp forest. The American Naturalist, 170 (4):E77-E95. Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, et al. 2007b. Analyzing the spatial structure of a Sri Lankan tree species with multiple scales of clustering. Ecology, 88 (12):3088-3102. Wiegand T, Gunatilleke C V S, Gunatilleke I A U N, et al. 2007c. How individual species structure diversity in tropical forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (48):19029-19033. Wiegand T, Moloney K A. 2014. Handbook of spatial point-pattern analysis in Ecology. New York:CRC Press. Wiegand T, Moloney K A. 2004. Rings, circles, and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos, 104 (2):209-229. Wong Y K, Whitmore T C. 1970. On the influence of soil properties on species distribution in a Malayan lowland dipterocarp forest. Malayan Forester, 33 (1):42-54. Yao J, Zhang X N, Zhang C Y, et al. 2016. Effects of density dependence in a temperate forest in northeastern China. Scientific Reports, 6:32844. Zhang C Y, Zhao Y Z, Zhao X H, et al. 2012. Species-habitat associations in a northern temperate forest in China. Silva Fennica, 46 (4):501-519. Zhu Y, Mi X C, Ren H B, et al. 2010. Density dependence is prevalent in a heterogeneous subtropical forest. Oikos, 119 (1):109-119. |