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林业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 141-153.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180116

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针叶树碳水化合物分配研究进展

钱杨1, 孙洪刚2, 董汝湘2, 姜景民2   

  1. 1. 景德镇市国营枫树山林场 景德镇 333000;
    2. 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 杭州 311400
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-06 修回日期:2017-08-07 出版日期:2018-01-25 发布日期:2018-03-01
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0600302-2);国家自然科学基金项目(31470635)。

Research Progress of Carbohydrates Allocation in Conifers

Qian Yang1, Sun Honggang2, Dong Ruxiang2, Jiang Jingming2   

  1. 1. Stated-Owned Fengshushan Forestry Farm of Jingdezhen Jingdezhen 333000;
    2. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF Hangzhou 311400
  • Received:2016-12-06 Revised:2017-08-07 Online:2018-01-25 Published:2018-03-01

摘要: 全球气候变化对森林尤其是人工林生态系统碳水化合物分配模式产生显著影响,可导致人工林大面积死亡,会因此产生碳排放,由碳汇变为碳源。对现有人工林进行可持续科学经营管理,提高碳同化效率,减缓大气CO2浓度升高趋势,增加林分碳储量,提高森林适应性,是当前和未来应对全球气候变化、发挥人工林减缓并适应气候变化作用的重要举措之一。我国现有针叶人工林面积占人工林总面积的70%以上,但每公顷平均碳储量只有世界平均水平的17%,因此森林增加碳汇的重点应该放在提升现有针叶林的碳密度方面。然而,有关针叶树碳水化合物分配机制以及针叶树如何通过调节碳分配模式来适应环境变化等方面的研究存在很大争议。基于此,本文首先介绍不同时空尺度下针叶树碳源和碳汇的内涵和确定标准,其次讨论碳水化合物在针叶树体内运输途径以及生长、储存和防御等方面的分配模式,进而分析影响碳水化合物分配的外界因素和内在调控机制,最后结合碳水化合物分配理论研究的核心问题以及利用培育措施提高针叶林碳汇能力方面对未来研究方向提出建议:1)时空尺度演绎视角下碳水化合物分配机制;2)极端气候条件下多环境因子对针叶树碳水化合物分配综合作用机制;3)针叶树碳汇林培育理论体系构建的关键问题。

关键词: 碳水化合物分配, 非结构性碳水化合物, 针叶树, 气候变化, 碳汇林

Abstract: Global climate change has a significant impact on carbohydrate allocation in plantation ecosystem, which results in the serious death of plantations and changes from carbon sink into carbon source. In order to alleviate global climate change influence on plantations, the scientific forest management should be taken to increase photosynthetic efficiency, decrease atmospheric CO2 concentration, promote carbon storage and improve forest adaptation. The area of coniferous plantations in China accounts for above 70% of the total area of the plantations, and the average carbon storage per hectare in China was only 17% of the world's average in 2009. Thus, how to rapidly increase carbon storage should be placed on improving the existing coniferous plantations. However, there is highly controversy about the mechanism of conifer carbohydrate distribution and how conifers adapt to environmental changes through adjusting carbon allocation patterns. This review introduces definition and judge rules of carbon source and carbon sink at the different spatio-temporal scales. Secondly, this paper discusses carbohydrate transport pathway and allocation patterns with growth, storage and defense. Thirdly, this paper analyzes external environment factors and intrinsic regulative mechanism of carbohydrate allocations. Finally, the future research focus is proposed, alongside the carbohydrate allocation core theory and the silviculture measures in improving the carbon sequestration capacity of coniferous forests. The intrinsic carbohydrate allocation regulative mechanism should focus on the different spatio-temporal scales. Attention should be paid to the mechanism of carbohydrate distribution in coniferous trees under extreme climate conditions. The corresponding carbon forest silviculture theory system should be established.

Key words: carbohydrates allocation, non-structural carbohydrates, conifers, climate change, carbon forest