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林业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1-7.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170501

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来树种火炬树入侵的生理生态特性——与同属本地种盐肤木的比较

卜庆梅, 侯玉平, 房洪坤, 张治梁, 柏新富   

  1. 鲁东大学生命科学学院 烟台 264025
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-21 修回日期:2017-02-06 出版日期:2017-05-25 发布日期:2017-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 柏新富
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300465)。

Eco-Physiological Characteristics of the Exotic Plant Rhus typhina in Comparison with Its Indigenous Congeners Rhus chinensis

Bu Qingmei, Hou Yuping, Fang Hongkun, Zhang Zhiliang, Bai Xinfu   

  1. School of Life Sciences, Ludong University Yantai 264025
  • Received:2016-03-21 Revised:2017-02-06 Online:2017-05-25 Published:2017-06-22

摘要: [目的] 火炬树是我国黄河流域及以北地区栽植的一种外来树种,但关于其是否为入侵植物目前还存有争议。本文比较火炬树与其同属本地种盐肤木在光合性能、水分、氮素等资源利用效率以及建成成本方面的差异,探索火炬树入侵的生理生态机制,为其综合防控或选择种植提供参考。[方法] 用TPS-2光合系统测定火炬树和盐肤木的光合性能参数,并根据相关参数计算光能利用率和水分利用率。用Vario Micro cube元素分析仪测定叶片全氮含量,用C2000氧弹热量计测定干质量热值,并由此计算叶片光合氮利用效率和建成成本。[结果] 火炬树的表观光量子效率、最大净光合速率和呼吸速率均高于盐肤木,但仅9月差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。在2个树种之间光饱和点、光补偿点和叶绿素含量差异不显著。9月火炬树光能利用率和光合氮利用效率显著高于盐肤木(P<0.05),水分利用率则是7月盐肤木显著高于火炬树(P<0.05)。除7月外,8月和9月火炬树的比叶面积显著高于盐肤木,干质量热值、单位质量建成成本和单位叶面积建成成本显著低于盐肤木(P<0.05)。双因素方差分析显示,火炬树和盐肤木的光合性能指标、资源利用效率指标以及能量利用指标均差异不显著(P>0.05),但在不同测定时期之间多项指标有极显著差异(P<0.01)。虽然在生长季后期(9月)火炬树的光合能力、资源利用效率高于盐肤木,物质、能量利用策略优于盐肤木,但总体上两者之间无显著差异。[结论] 火炬树与其同属本地种盐肤木相比在生理生态特性方面具有入侵植物的一些特性,但仅在生长季后期才表现出一定的竞争优势。

关键词: 火炬树, 盐肤木, 光合性能, 建成成本, 资源利用效率

Abstract: [Objective] Rhus typhina is an exotic tree species widely planted in the Yellow River basin and North China, but there is still controversy about whether it is an invasive plant. This paper explores the eco-physiological mechanism of R. typhina invasion by comparing it with its indigenous congeners Rhus chinensis in terms of their photosynthetic performance, resource-use efficiency, and construction cost to provide a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of R. typhina, or planting. [Method] In this study, the photosynthetic performance parameters of R. typhinaand R. chinensis were measured with a TPS-2 photosynthetic system; the light use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated according to the related parameters. The total nitrogen content of leaves was analysed with a Vario Micro Cube element analyzer. The gross calorific value was evaluated with a C2000 oxygen bomb calorimeter, and the leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) and construction cost were thus calculated. [Result] The apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and respiratory rate in R. typhina were higher than those of its indigenous congeners R. chinensis, but the differences were significant (P<0.05) only in September. The light saturation and compensation point and chlorophyll content were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the two species. The LUE and PNUE of R. typhina were significantly higher than those of R. chinensis(P<0.05) in September, but the WUE of the latter was significantly higher than that of the former in July. The gross caloric value, mass-based (CCmass) and area-based (CCarea) leaf construction cost were all lower in R. typhina than in its indigenous congeners R. chinensis, but the reverse was the case in terms of the specific leaf area (SLA). Furthermore, the two-factor analysis of variance showed that the differences of the photosynthetic performance indices, resource-use efficiency indicators and leaf construction cost between the two species were insignificant (P >0.05), but differences in the indexes among different measurement periods were very significant (P<0.01). It is therefore concluded that although the photosynthetic capacity, resource-use efficiency inR. typhina is higher compared with R. chinensis at the later stage of the annual growing season (September), there is no significant difference in those indexes between the two species as a whole. [Conclusion] Compared with its indigenous congeners R. chinensis, R. typhina has some characteristics of invasive plants in physiological and ecological property, but the competitive advantage only appeared in the later stage of the annual growing season.

Key words: Rhus typhina, Rhus chinensis, photosynthetic performance, construction cost, resource-use efficiency

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