青海不同林分土壤微生物群落结构(PLFA)

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170303

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 研究青海省7种林分类型土壤微生物群落组成的变化规律，从微生物的角度为该区森林土壤资源的科学管理与评价以及林分结构调整和生态系统更新、恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法] 利用常规实验室分析和磷脂脂肪酸（phospholipid fatty acids，PLFAs）分析法对青海省云杉、白桦、落叶松和山杨组成的7种不同林分类型（大通青海云杉天然林A、大通白桦次生林B、湟中白桦青海云杉天然混交林C、乐都落叶松白桦天然混交林D、民和山杨人工林E、循化山杨白桦次生林F、尖扎青海云杉天然林G）表层土壤（0~20 cm）的土壤理化特征和微生物量及微生物群落结构的组成进行分析，并探索土壤微生物各菌群与土壤理化特性间的相关性。[结果] 研究区不同林分类型土壤中共检测到17种PLFA生物标记，且PLFA生物标记的种类不尽相同，在A和B林分种类最多，而G林分种类最少；7种林分类型土壤中含量最高的PLFA生物标记是16：0，最丰富的脂肪酸种类是饱和脂肪酸；土壤微生物PLFA总量表现为B林分最高，G最低；细菌PLFA含量总体表现为阔叶林最高、针阔混交林其次，针叶林最低，真菌的PLFA含量明显表现为阔叶林>混交林>针叶林，且细菌的分布量显著大于真菌；7种林分类型土壤微生物多样性指数Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在F和G林分中显著小于其他类型，而McIntosh指数表现为A，B和D显著大于其他处理；主成分分析表明广义细菌和革兰氏阳性菌是土壤微生物群落类群的主要成分；冗余分析表明pH值、土壤含水量和细根生物量对土壤微生物群落的影响最大，其次为土壤有机碳含量、土壤密度和凋落物现存量。[结论] 不同林分类型土壤微生物群落特征及其影响因子存在显著差异，在管理和利用森林生态系统时应考虑土壤微生物群落的变化特征，以便制定出合理的森林管理利用措施。

关键词: 磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs), 微生物群落, 林型, 土壤有机碳, 青海

Abstract: [Objective] Seven natural stand types were investigated to understand the soil microbial community. The main forest species were Picea crassifolia, Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Populus davidiana. The purpose of this study was to improve management and evaluation strategies of the forest by adjusting the structure and restoring the degraded forest.[Method] The 7 stand types were Datong Picea crassifolia (A), Datong Betula platyphylla (B), Huangzhong Picea crassifolia+Betula platyphylla (C), Ledu Larix gmelinii+Betula platyphylla (D), Minhe Populus davidiana (E), Xunhua Populus davidiana+Betula platyphylla (F),and Jianzha Picea crassifolia (G) in Qinghai Province. The soil physical-chemical properties and soil microbial community composition were investigated by conventional laboratory analysis and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis. Changes of individual PLFA signatures and correlations between soil properties and soil microbial group of PLFA indicators were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), respectively.[Result] A total of 17 different PLFAs with different types of biomarkers were detected in the soil samples among different stand types. The stand types A and B exhibited a larger number PLFAs compared with other stand types. The lowest number of PLFAs was found in stand type G. The PLFAs biomarker was variable in different stand soils. The highest content was 16:0. The highest richness of PLFAs was saturated fatty acid. The highest total content of PLFAs biomarkers was found in stand B, and the lowest in stand G. The contents of bacteria and fungus PLFAs displayed the following order:broad-leaved stand > mixed broadleaf-conifer stand > conifer stand. The Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index of stands F and G were significantly lower than those of the other stand types. McIntosh index were holistically higher in stand types A, B and D than in the other types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that generalized bacteria and Gram positive bacteria were the main soil microbial group. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the effects of pH, soil moisture and fine root biomass on soil microbial community were higher than those of soil organic carbon, bulk density and litter standing crop.[Conclusion] Soil microbial community composition and impact factors were significantly different among different stand types. Therefore, the management and utilization of forest ecosystem should consider the change of soil microbial community characteristics, in order to improve forest management practices.

Key words: phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), microbial community, stand type, soil organic carbon, Qinghai Province

中图分类号:

S718.8

字洪标, 向泽宇, 王根绪, 阿的鲁骥, 王长庭. 青海不同林分土壤微生物群落结构(PLFA)[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(3): 21-32.

Zi Hongbiao, Xiang Zeyu, Wang Genxu, Ade Luji, Wang Changting. Profile of Soil Microbial Community under Different Stand Types in Qinghai Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(3): 21-32.

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