危害桦树的重要害虫——高山毛顶蛾(鳞翅目:毛顶蛾科)生物学特性及寄生性天敌昆虫

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20161013

林业科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 102-108.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20161013

危害桦树的重要害虫——高山毛顶蛾(鳞翅目:毛顶蛾科)生物学特性及寄生性天敌昆虫

李涛¹, 曾汉青², 盛茂领¹, 才让旦周³, 周卫芬³, 孙淑萍¹

1. 国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站沈阳 110034;
2. 青海省互助县森林病虫害防治检疫站互助 810500;
3. 青海省森林病虫害防治检疫总站西宁 810008

收稿日期:2014-12-30 修回日期:2015-10-15 出版日期:2016-10-25 发布日期:2016-11-09
通讯作者: 盛茂领
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（31070585；31310103033）。

Biological Characteristics of Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) and Its Natural Enemy Parasitoids

Li Tao¹, Zeng Hanqing², Sheng Maoling¹, Cairangdanzhou³, Zhou Weifen³, Sun Shuping¹

1. General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration Shenyang 110034;
2. Huzhu Forestry Pest Control and Quarantine Station Huzhu 810500;
3. Qinghai Forestry Pest Control and Quarantine Station Xining 810008

Received:2014-12-30 Revised:2015-10-15 Online:2016-10-25 Published:2016-11-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的] 高山毛顶蛾（鳞翅目：毛顶蛾科）是我国青海海东地区严重危害桦树的潜叶类害虫，阐明其生物学特性及寄生性天敌种类，为该害虫的综合防治提供依据。[方法] 生物学特性观察在互助县北山林场，采用室外和室内相结合的方法进行，越冬茧在体式显微镜下解剖，并统计寄生性天敌寄生率，采用单因素方差分析（α=0.05）进行Q测验。[结果] 高山毛顶蛾1年1代，以老熟幼虫下树在腐殖质层下0~12 cm土层结茧越冬，翌年4月中旬开始化蛹；4月下旬为化蛹高峰期，并始见成虫，5月上、中旬为成虫羽化高峰期，5月下旬成虫羽化结束；产卵期从5月上旬持续到6月上旬；卵期7~10天；幼虫共4龄；6月下旬老熟幼虫陆续下树入土或落叶层结茧，6月末为下树高峰期；每天12：00-15：00为下树高峰；老熟幼虫主要在树冠周围表土3~6 cm处结茧。经笔者调查，高山毛顶蛾越冬茧寄生性天敌有2种：基镰尾姬蜂、邻凹姬蜂；幼虫期体外寄生性姬小蜂1种。基镰尾姬蜂在毛顶蛾越冬茧中的平均寄生率为28.0%~30.3%。2011-2014年，毛顶蛾幼虫百叶虫口密度（206，145，101，29头）差异显著，虫口密度依次递减。[结论] 高山毛顶蛾在青海1年1代，其详细生物学特性见结果部分。3种寄生性天敌在自然状态下对高山毛顶蛾种群起到显著的控制作用，是值得利用的天敌资源。

关键词: 高山毛顶蛾, 生物学特性, 生活史, 寄生性天敌

Abstract: [Objective] Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina(Lepidoptera:Eriocraniidae) is an leaf miner of birch trees, Betula spp. in Qinghai Province, China. The knowledge of the biological characteristics of E. semipurpurella alpina and its natural enemy parasitoids are important for the pest integrated control. [Method] The life history and biological characteristics of E. semipurpurella alpina were observed in Beishan Forest Farm, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2014. Overwintering cocoons of the pest were dissected under the microscope and the parasitism was recorded. The collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsh (REGW) multiple Q test at α=0.05. [Result] The results showed that E. semipurpurella alpina had one generation per year, spinning its cocoon near the surface of soil or litter layer mainly from 3 to 6 cm, in Qinghai Province. Mature larvae began to pupate in Mid-April. The adults emerged from late April to late May, mainly from early May to Mid-May. The egg stage was 7 to 10 days. The larvae had 4 instars, lasting from late May to early July. The mature larvae emerged from the leaves and dropped to the ground up to peak at 12:00 to 15:00 every day from late June. Three parasitoid insect species of E. semipurpurella alpina were found, i.e. Grypocentrus basalis Ruthe and Lathrolestes sp. (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) and one species of Eulophidae. The average parasitism rates of cocoons of E. semipurpurella alpina by G. basalis were from 28.0% to 30.3%. The larva populations of E. semipurpurella alpina per one hundred-leaves were 206, 145, 101, 29 from 2011 to 2014 and significantly different among the years. [Conclusion] E. semipurpurella alpina completed one generation per year in Qinghai. The details of its biological characteristics were provided in Result section. Parasitoids exert an important control effect on E. semipurpurella alpina populations in nature.

Key words: Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina, biological characteristic, life history, parasitoids

中图分类号:

李涛, 曾汉青, 盛茂领, 才让旦周, 周卫芬, 孙淑萍. 危害桦树的重要害虫——高山毛顶蛾(鳞翅目:毛顶蛾科)生物学特性及寄生性天敌昆虫[J]. 林业科学, 2016, 52(10): 102-108.

Li Tao, Zeng Hanqing, Sheng Maoling, Cairangdanzhou, Zhou Weifen, Sun Shuping. Biological Characteristics of Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) and Its Natural Enemy Parasitoids[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016, 52(10): 102-108.

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危害桦树的重要害虫——高山毛顶蛾(鳞翅目:毛顶蛾科)生物学特性及寄生性天敌昆虫

Biological Characteristics of Eriocrania semipurpurella alpina (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) and Its Natural Enemy Parasitoids

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