土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20061207

林业科学 ›› 2006, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 39-46.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20061207

土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响

樊金拴¹ 陈原国² 李凯荣¹ 马创奇³

1.西北农林科技大学林学院,杨凌712100；2.枣庄学院,枣庄277160；3.陕西合阳县林业局,合阳715300

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2006-12-25 发布日期:2006-12-25

Effect of Soil Moisture Condition on the Growth and Yield of Juglans regia

Fan Jinshuan¹,Chen Yuanguo²,Li Kairong¹,Ma Chuangqi³

1.College of Forestry, Northwest Sci_Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling712100; 2.Zaozhuang College, Shandong Province Zaozhuang 277160; 3. Forestry Bureau of Heyang County, Shaanxi Province Heyang 715300

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2006-12-25 Published:2006-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1年生西洛3号核桃品种的实生苗和18年生高接大树为材料,进行盆栽和野外定量控水试验。结果表明:1)随土壤含水量增加,叶片的气孔开度、栅栏组织/叶肉组织比值、叶片厚度、主脉厚度增大,下表皮气孔密度、表皮细胞密度减小。2)核桃生长的关键需水时期是4、5、6月份。随着生长进程的推移,树体的需水程度逐渐降低,抗旱性能不断增强。3)核桃叶水势的日进程是8:00—14:00逐渐升高,到14:00达到最大;此后,14:00—18:00又逐渐下降。季节性变化特点是从5月份开始就逐渐下降,而且为不可逆的变化。4)在核桃生长期内,叶绿素含量随生长进程的更替而逐渐增加,尤以4月份增幅最大。在同一时期内,叶绿素含量随土壤含水量增大而增加,最大增量为0.05mg·dm^-2。5)水分调控对增加核桃幼树树干基径、树高生长量,成年树春梢与秋梢生长量和果实质量,提高核桃单株产量,降低核桃落果率均有明显的作用。随土壤含水量增加,树干基径、树高生长量均增加。春梢基径和春梢长度均随土壤含水量增大而增大。6)在黄土高原干旱地区,4月1日—6月20日保持130～160g·kg^-1的土壤含水量即可满足核桃叶片解剖结构正常发育和树体正常生长的需要;6月20日—10月31日少灌水或不灌水,有利于核桃春梢生长和促进营养生长向生殖生长转化,实现早实、丰产和优质。

关键词: 核桃, 叶片水分, 土壤含水量, 生长, 结实

Abstract:

The experiment of controlling irrigation on one-year-old seedlings and 18-year-old adult trees of Juglans regia `Xiluo 3' cultivated in pot and field respectively was conducted. Conclusions were as follows: 1) The stomatal exposure of the leaf, thickness ratio of palisade to mesophyll tissue, the thickness of leaf, the thickness of primary vein of trees increases with soil moisture, the stomatal density of lower epidermis and the density of epidermal cell decreases with soil moisture. 2) April, May and June are the key periods of water supplying, in this time the requirement of water is more than any other times for walnut tree. The requirement of water decreases gradually and the competence of drought tolerance improves continuously with the course of walnut growth. 3) The leaf water potential rises gradually from 8:00 to 14:00, then reaches the tiptop of a day, and it falls from 14:00 to 18:00.At the side of season, the water potential is continuously decreasing from May to October. 4) The content of chlorophyll of walnut leaves increases with the course of growth. The biggest increment is in April during one year. The content of chlorophyll increases with soil moisture, the biggest increment is 0.05 mg·dm^-2 . 5) In growing season, increasing soil moisture can promote the growth of the base diameter and height of young trees, and spring and autumn shoots of adult walnut tree, can raise the single fruit mass and the individual tree production, and decrease the fallen fruit. The increment of base diameter and tree height, and basal diameter and length of spring shoot of walnut are increased with soil moisture. 6) In arid and semiarid area of loess plateau, between April 1st and June 20th, maintaining 130～160 g·kg^-1 of the soil moisture can satisfy normal development of anatomic structure and growth of young tree. Between June 21st and October 31st, scarcely irrigation or no irrigation is good for the growth of spring shoot of walnut tree, the promotion of changing from growth to fruitage, and the realization of early fruiting and fertility and high quality.

Key words: Juglans regia, water of leaf, soil moisture, growth, yield

樊金拴陈原国李凯荣马创奇. 土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(12): 39-46.

Fan Jinshuan;Chen Yuanguo;Li Kairong;Ma Chuangqi. Effect of Soil Moisture Condition on the Growth and Yield of Juglans regia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(12): 39-46.

[1]	冯莹,林庆良,潘东明. 青钱柳愈伤组织的离体保存[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(9): 58-66.
[2]	王云鹏,张蕊,周志春,黄少华,马丽珍,范辉华. 木荷优树自由授粉家系早期生长性状遗传变异动态规律[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(9): 77-86.
[3]	张会儒,雷相东,李凤日. 中国森林经理学研究进展与展望[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(9): 130-142.
[4]	胡松,朱光玉,陈振雄,卢侃,黄朗,刘卓. 基于林层划分的湖南栎类天然次生林断面积生长模型[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(9): 184-192.
[5]	荣俊冬,凡莉莉,陈礼光,张迎辉,何天友,陈凌艳,宋鲲鹏,郑郁善. 不同施氮模式和施氮量对福建柏幼苗生物量分配和根系生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(7): 175-184.
[6]	申佳艳,李帅锋,黄小波,王绍武,苏建荣. 金沙江流域不同海拔处云南松生态弹性及生长衰退过程[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(6): 1-11.
[7]	张亦弛,郭素娟. 2种生长延缓剂对板栗枝条生长和叶片碳氮代谢物积累的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 29-36.
[8]	张雪,钟全林,李宝银,姚湘明,徐朝斌,程栋梁,郑跃芳,余华. 翅荚木同龄林林木叶片性状与胸径生长关系[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 168-175.
[9]	杨佳骏,吴永波,张燕红. 高温与干旱胁迫对‘南林895杨’扦插苗生长和超微结构的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 176-183.
[10]	郭丽,张亮,李蓬勃,刘福,王越,孔祥波,张苏芳,张真. 不同栽培方式对4种黑杨派无性系生长及对春尺蠖抗性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(5): 193-202.
[11]	王林,代永欣,张劲松,孟平,孙胜,李豪,万贤崇. 水分和光照条件对核桃-黄豆农林复合系统中黄豆光合作用和生长的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(4): 188-196.
[12]	王凯,张大鹏,宋立宁,吕林有,刘建华. 氮沉降和降水增加对榆树幼苗不同器官碳氮磷分配格局的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(3): 172-183.
[13]	刘辉,牟长城,吴彬,张悦,井立杰. 黑龙江帽儿山温带森林类型土壤非生长季温室气体排放特征[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(10): 11-25.
[14]	梁璧,张佳琦,任飞,胡恒康,徐川梅,胡渊渊,黄有军,娄和强,张启香. 山核桃贝壳杉烯氧化酶基因CcKO的克隆和表达分析[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(10): 70-82.
[15]	张晓红,张会儒,卢军,雷相东. 目标树抚育间伐对蒙古栎天然次生林生长的初期影响[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(10): 83-92.

土壤水分状况对核桃生长和发育的影响

Effect of Soil Moisture Condition on the Growth and Yield of Juglans regia

HTML

PDF

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

作者中心

期刊获奖

引证指标

联系方式