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林业科学 ›› 1999, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (zk): 54-65.

• 水土流失监测 • 上一篇    下一篇

杨农间作对农田生态环境的改善

贾玉彬1,袁玉欣1,裴保华1,王德艺1,魏红侠2   

  1. 1. 河北农业大学林学院 保定 071000
    2. 河北省林业厅 石家庄 050081
  • 出版日期:1999-01-01 发布日期:1999-09-25

THE POPLAR INTERCROPPING WITH CROPS IMPROVING ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FARMLAND

Yubin Jia1,Yuxin Yuan1,Baohua Pei1,Deyi Wang1,Hongxia Wei2   

  1. 1. Forestry College of Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071000
    2. Heibei Forestry Bureau Shijiazhuang 050081
  • Online:1999-01-01 Published:1999-09-25

摘要:

本文根据5a(1993~1997年)人工和自动气象仪器的观测资料,对不同模式杨农间作田中的温、湿、风和蒸发等小气候因子的时空分布及其效应进行了较为详尽的分析。结果表明:杨农间作的防风效能为45%~87%,平均57%;可降低日最高气温0.3℃~3.4℃,平均降低1.3℃;降低地面日最高温度6.0℃,最高可达19.5℃;提高日平均绝对湿度0.9hPa~24hPa,平均1.4hPa;提高日平均相对湿度1%~13%,平均5%;减少水分蒸发17%~36%,平均25%;在干热风日可使相对湿度<30%的持续时间减少4.5h。因此,杨农间作具有明显的防风、降温、增湿和减少蒸发的作用,这对改善田间小气候和农业生态环境,促进农业的高产、稳产具有重要意义。

关键词: 杨农间作, 生态环境, 气象效应, 干旱, 风沙, 风蚀

Abstract:

Facing the present situation of a very large population, arid climate and the serious sand blow by the wind in the plain farming district of Hebei Province in China, we began to plant the fast growing and high yield forests of poplar intercropping with the crops in the sandy waste land where there was a serious sand, in the sandy beach, the second-class cultivated land and the middle-yield and low-yield land in the district from the early part of the eighties, which played an important part in developing and making full use of the land and light energy and increasing the green area and improving the agricultural ecological environment and so on in the district.Temporal and space distribution of microclimate elements, such as temperature, humidity, wind and evaporation, and its effects were analyzed in the poplar-crop intercropping field with different patterns based on the observation data from 1993 to 1997 by artificial and auto meteorological instrument.The results showed that the efficacy of poplar intercropping with crops to prevent wind was 45 %~ 87 %, the average value was 57 %.The poplar-crop intercropping could decrease daily maximal air temperature from 0.3 ℃ to 3.4 ℃ , with an average of 1.3 ℃ .The daily mean maximal temperature of earth surface could be reduced 6 ℃ by means of the poplar intercropping with crops, the maximal temperature reduced was 19.5 ℃ .The daily mean absolute humidity was increased 0.9 hPa~ 2.4 hPa with an average of 1.4 hPa, and the daily mean relative humidity was increased 1%~ 13 %, averaged in 5 %.The water evaporation was decreased from 17 % to 36 %, averaged in 25 %.the poplar intercropping with crop could make the continued time of the relative humidity < 30 %short 4.5 h on a dry hot wind day.Therefore, the poplar intercropping with crops has the obvious functions of wind-proof, dropping temperature, increasing humidity, and decreasing evaporation, which have significance for improving the field micro-climate and ecological environment of agriculture, and promoting high-yield and stable-yield of agriculture.

Key words: Intercropping poplar with crops, Ecology environment, Microclimate effects, Drought, Wind-Sand, Wind erosion