我国兴安、长白及华北落叶松种的天然群体交配系统研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

一个树种的群体交配系统(Mating system)提供了该树种是如何将其遗传物质从一个世代传递到下一个世代的基本信息。因此交配系统研究可有助于:(1)推测群体的基因型组成; (2)分析多基因位点连锁不平衡程度; (3)推测种子园的种子质量及提供种子园营建设计的有关信息; (4)在一定的程度上,可用于分析天然群体的遗传结构分化水平。在落叶松的10个种和3个变种中,目前已报道了2个种的交配系统:一个是美洲落叶松(L. laricina [DuRoi] K. Koch),另一是欧洲落叶松(L. decidua Miller)。我国兴安、长白及华北落叶松的交配系统的研究尚未进行。本研究目的就是应用同功酶标记:(1)测定和比较这3个兴安落叶松种间及种内群体的异交率; (2)比较与其它针叶树的交配系统差异; (3)推测群体内自交或双亲近交发生的可能性。本文采用淀粉凝胶电泳技术,应用由6个酶系(PGI, MDH, 6PGD, AAT, PGM及SDH)产生的7个多态性位点的同功酶标记分析了我国3个落叶松种(兴安、长白及华北落叶松)的共9个天然群体交配系统。结果发现兴安落叶松的加格达奇(内蒙古)群体表现出几乎完全的异交(t_m=0.986±0.081)。华北落叶松的两个群体丰宁(河北)和浑源(山西)也主要表现为异交方式(t_m=0.847±0.427~0.792±0.169)。长白落叶松的天然群体间的异交率存在较大的变异。小白湖(黑龙江)和长白山(吉林)群体存在显著的自交(t_m≈0.705)。大海林(黑龙江)群体除了存在自交外还存在着明显的双亲近交(t_m=0.684±0.107),然而白河(吉林)、白刀山(黑龙江)及东方红(黑龙江)群体的交配系统则主要表现出为异交方式(t_m=0.847±0.427~1.203±0.371)。总的来说, 3个落叶松种主要表现为异交方式或混合交配类型。群体间的异交率存在着变异但差异不显著。试验所得结果与已报道的其它针叶树包括美洲落叶松和欧洲落叶松的结果有一定的可比性。由试验结果可以获得以下几个方面的应用:第一,在长白或华北落叶松群体间,单个位点异交率的差异反映出单个位点的群体遗传组成不同;第二,自交会导致群体的杂合子比率减少和近交衰退。这可能部分地说明了落叶松的低比率饱满种子和低的萌芽率的原因。在有些群体中,如长白落叶松的大海林和华北落叶松的浑源群体,存在显著的自交。这提醒人们当采用天然群体种子甚至种子园的种子造林时应慎重。群体间的差异也是应注意的;第三, 3个落叶松的交配系统,即主要为异交方式,也暗示着群体间的基因流有可能很频繁。至今还没有证据来证明3个落叶松的交配系统有显著的差异。因此在建立种子园或母树林时,严格的外源花粉隔离(花粉污染)控制是很有必要的;最后,在田间子代测定林中,家系常常被假定为由异交种子组成。本试验的结果在一定程度上提供了这一假设的正确性证明,因而为田间子代测定的数量性状遗传参数估计如遗传力估计合理性提供了一定的证据。

关键词: 兴安落叶松, 长白落叶松, 华北落叶松, 交配系统

Abstract:

Mating systems of nine natural populations of the three Chinese Larix taxa (L. gmelinii(Rupr.) Rupr., L. principis-rupprechtii Mayr. and L. olgensis Henry) were scored using seven polymorphic loci of allozyme markers generated by six enzymes (PGI, MDH, 6PGD, AAT, PGM and SDH). It was observed that population Jiagedaqi of L. gmelinii in Inner Mongolia exhibited nearly total outcrossing (t_m=0.986±0.081). Two populations of L. principis-rupprechtii, Fengning in Hebei Province and Hunyuan in Shanxi Province, shared no significant difference from random outcrossing (t_m=0.847±0.427~0.792±0.169). However, mating system was variable among populations of L. olgensis. Two populations, Xiaobaihu in Heilongjiang Province and Changbai in Jilin Province, exhibited significant level of selfing (t_m≈0.705). One population, Dahailin in Heilongjiang Province, exhibited inbreeding in addition to selfing, with t_m bein.0.684±0.107, and the other three populations of L. olgensis, Baihe in Jilin Province, Baidaoshan and Dongfanghong in Heilongjiang Province, exhibited predominantly outcrossing, t_m=0.847±0.427~1.203±0.371. These results were comparable to those reported in other conifers including L. laricina [DuRoi] K. Koch and L. decidua Miller.

Key words: Larix gmelinii(Rupr.) Rupr., L.olgensis Henry, L.principis-rupprechtii Mayr., Mating system

胡新生,Ennos Richard A.. 我国兴安、长白及华北落叶松种的天然群体交配系统研究[J]. 林业科学, 1999, 35(1): 21-31.

Xinsheng Hu,Richard A. Ennos. SCORING THE MATING SYSTEMS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF THREE LARIX TAXA IN CHINA: L. GMELINII (RUPR.) RUPR., L. OLGENSIS HENRY AND L. PRINCIPIS-RUPPRECHTII MAYR.[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 1999, 35(1): 21-31.

图/表 4

参考文献 0

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