种子际真菌引发花榈木种子萌发的生理生化机制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250610

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究种子际真菌引发对花榈木种子萌发的生理生化机制，为具有硬实特性的林木种子破除休眠提供理论依据和菌种保障。方法: 从花榈木种子际土壤中分离出3株促萌发真菌，测定其促进种皮分解相关酶的分泌能力及内源激素合成量。利用3株真菌引发花榈木种子进行发芽试验，测定其萌发不同阶段的生理生化指标，并以常规方法处理花榈木种子验证引发效果，系统评估3株种子际真菌对花榈木种子萌发的生理调控效应。结果: 1）菌株SS-1-14、SS-2-3和SS-2-22在培养7天内均能分泌促进种皮分解相关酶。SS-1-14优先降解果胶层，SS-2-3持续释放高活性果胶酶和脂肪酶，SS-2-22则在初期快速产生纤维素酶和果胶酶，高效瓦解种皮屏障。2） 3株菌株均能分泌生长素和细胞分裂素前体，激活种胚细胞分化。SS-1-14产生的吲哚乙酸、水杨酸以及水杨酸葡萄糖苷含量高，兼具促生长与激活系统抗性功能。SS-2-3产吲哚-3-乙腈、3-(2-氨乙基)吲哚和玉米素较多，直接调控细胞分裂和胚芽分化。SS-2-22以生长素类和细胞分裂素前体（N6-异戊烯基腺苷、异戊烯基腺嘌呤）为主，通过前体物质转化合成活性激素，降低代谢负担。3）种子际真菌引发是通过动态调控花榈木种子的抗氧化酶和贮藏物质代谢，有效促进种子萌发。3株菌株通过调控整个萌发过程中CAT和PPO、后期POD和SOD增强抗氧化能力。SS-1-14菌株引发对种子酶活性的调控效果最佳，可将种子萌发后期SOD以及前、后期CAT活性显著提高19.10%、127.13%和41.20%。3株菌株通过调控整个萌发过程中蛋白酶、脂酶及后期的淀粉酶、酸性磷酸酶活性促进贮藏物质转化，其中SS-1-14作用最为显著，可将种子萌发前、后期的蛋白酶和脂酶分别提高67.31%、58.61%和77.16%、59.32%。3株菌株均可加速整个萌发过程的大分子物质降解以及小分子物质生成，其中SS-1-14引发综合效果最佳，使种子萌发前期甘油三酯、后期淀粉降解率增加32.20%、60.51%，并使种子萌发前期ATP、后期可溶性糖生成分别加快188.83%、65.24%。4）与刻伤、酸蚀、热水浸泡等传统物理化学处理方法相比，真菌引发可降低种子电导率以及MDA含量，缓解萌发过程中的氧化损伤，维持细胞膜系统的完整性。结论: 种子际真菌通过分泌促进种皮分解酶破除机械障碍、合成植物激素激活种子生理活性，增强抗氧化酶与物质转化酶系统以降低萌发损伤并促进贮藏物质转化，形成“物理?化学?生物”多维度的引发机制，从而促进花榈木硬实种子的萌发。

关键词: 种子际真菌, 花榈木, 硬实, 生物引发, 物理休眠

Abstract:

Objective: This study investigates the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which spermosphere fungi promote the germination of Ormosia henryi seeds, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and microbial resources for breaking dormancy of seeds with hard seed coats in tree species. Method: Three fungal strains with germination-promoting activity, isolated from the spermosphere soil of O. henryi, were used to evaluate their capacity to secrete seed coat-degrading enzymes and produce endogenous hormones. Three fungal strains were used to initiate germination experiments on O. henryi seeds, and the physiological and biochemical indicators in the seeds were measured at various stages of germination. Seeds treated with conventional methods served as controls to verify the priming germination effects by the fungi. A systematic assessment was carried out to elucidate the physiological regulatory effects of the three spermosphere fungi on germination of O. henryi seeds. Result: 1) The strains SS-1-14, SS-2-3, and SS-2-22 all secreted seed coat-degrading enzymes within 7 days of cultivation. SS-1-14 preferentially degraded the pectin layer, SS-2-3 consistently released highly active pectinase and lipase, and SS-2-22 efficiently disrupted the seed coat barrier at the initial stage by rapidly producing both cellulase and pectinase. 2) All strains produced auxin and cytokinin precursors, thereby promoting embryonic cell differentiation. SS-1-14 generated high levels of indoleacetic acid, salicylic acid, and salicylic acid glucoside, which both promote growth and activate systemic resistance. SS-2-3 produced higher quantities of indole-3-acetonitrile, tryptamine, and zeatin, which directly influence cell division and plumule differentiation. SS-2-22 primarily synthesized auxin and cytokinin precursors of N6-isopentenyladenosine and isopentenyladenine, which were converted into active hormones to reduce metabolic burden. 3) The priming effect of spermosphere fungi effectively promoted seed germination by dynamically regulating antioxidant enzymes and storage material metabolism in O. henryi seeds. The three strains enhanced antioxidant capacity by regulating CAT and PPO throughout germination, and POD and SOD during the last stage. SS-1-14 exhibited the most pronounced regulatory effect, significantly increasing SOD activity in the last stage of germination by 19.10%, and CAT activity in the early and last stages of germination by 127.13% and 41.20%, respectively. The three strains promoted storage material mobilization by regulating protease and lipase activities throughout germination, as well as amylase and acid phosphatase activities in the last stage of germination. SS-1-14 exhibited the most pronounced effect, increasing protease and lipase activities by 67.31% and 58.61% in the early stage of germination, and by 77.16% and 59.32% in the last stage of germination, respectively. All three strains were able to accelerate macromolecule degradation and micromolecule generation throughout germination, among which SS-1-14 had the best comprehensive effect, increasing triglyceride degradation by 32.20% in the early stage of germination and starch degradation by 60.51% in the last stage of germination, and accelerating ATP production by 188.83% in the early stage of germination and soluble sugar accumulation by 65.24% in the last stage of germination. 4) Compared with traditional physical and chemical treatments such as scarification, acid etching, and hot water soaking, fungal induction reduced seed electrical conductivity and MDA content, alleviated oxidative damage during germination, and preserved cell membrane integrity. Conclusion: Spermosphere fungi promote the germination of O. henryi seeds through a multidimensional “physical-chemical-biological” priming mechanism. This mechanism involves secreting enzymes that degrade the seed coat to overcome mechanical barriers, synthesizing phytohormones to activate seed physiological activity, and enhancing antioxidant and material-converting enzyme systems to reduce germination-induced damage and facilitate storage material mobilization.

Key words: spermosphere fungi, Ormosia henryi, hard seed, bio-priming, physical dormancy

中图分类号:

S722.1⁺4

何燕,尚念杰,苏石诚,韦小丽. 种子际真菌引发花榈木种子萌发的生理生化机制[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(5): 27-39.

Yan He,Nianjie Shang,Shicheng Su,Xiaoli Wei. Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Spermosphere Fungi Induing Germination of Ormosia henryi Seeds[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(5): 27-39.

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菌株 Strain	发芽率 Germination percentage （%）	发芽势 Germination energy （%）	发芽指数 Germination index	平均发芽速率 Mean germination rate/d^?1
对照 Control	67.29±1.42b	49.49±0.07bc	1.88±0.04c	9.38±1.03a
SS-1-14	94.44±5.56a	73.80±0.05a	3.73±0.10a	11.77±0.37a
SS-2-3	83.49±8.94ab	39.93±0.03c	3.10±0.26b	9.68±0.55a
SS-2-22	90.81±2.93a	67.27±0.07ab	3.66±0.07a	10.92±0.98a

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