竹片堆叠分离机理分析与粗铣自动送料系统设计

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250537

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 针对竹片粗铣初加工过程中人工送料劳动强度大、连续性不足以及自然堆叠竹片单根分离和定向送料困难等问题，设计一种适用于竹片粗铣工序的自动分选送料系统，以提高竹材加工过程的自动化水平和送料稳定性。方法: 基于竹片弧形结构和表面摩擦差异，构建典型堆叠组合的受力分析模型，分析不同堆叠状态下竹片的滑移趋势和分离稳定性；建立卡槽嵌入状态概率模型，揭示竹片姿态分布与升运链倾角之间的作用关系。在此基础上，结合系统结构参数开展响应面优化试验，考察升运链倾角、转速以及竹片尺寸对分离性能的影响规律。结果: 所建回归模型拟合效果较好，升运链倾角和转速是影响竹片分离性能的主要因素。优化结果表明，当升运链倾角为66.13°、转速为0.246?m·s^?1、竹片宽度为29.16mm、长度为1903.88 mm时，模型预测分离率为96.86%，分离效率为27.65?根·min^?1，实测结果与预测结果基本一致。系统可实现竹片单根分离、青黄面识别、姿态翻转和连续送料等功能，具有较好的分离效果和送料稳定性。结论: 本研究建立了面向自然堆叠竹片分离行为的力学分析和概率建模方法，明确了关键结构和工艺参数对分离性能的影响规律，所设计系统可为竹片粗铣工段自动化改造提供理论依据和工程参考。

关键词: 竹片自动分选, 堆叠状态建模, 分离机制, 连续送料系统, 响应面优化

Abstract:

Objective: To address the problems of high labor intensity, insufficient feeding continuity, and difficulties in single-strip separation and directional feeding of naturally stacked bamboo strips during rough milling, this study aims to improve the automation level and feeding stability of bamboo processing by designing an automatic sorting and feeding system suitable for bamboo-strip rough milling. Method: Based on the curved structure and surface friction differences of bamboo strips, force analysis models of typical stacking combinations were established to analyze the sliding tendency and separation stability of bamboo strips under different stacking states. A probabilistic model of slot-embedding states was further developed to reveal the interaction between bamboo strip posture distribution and the inclination angle of the lifting chain. On this basis, response surface optimization experiments were carried out by considering the structural parameters of the system to investigate the effects of lifting-chain inclination angle, speed, and bamboo strip size on separation performance. Result: The established regression models showed good fitting performance, and the lifting-chain inclination angle and speed were identified as the main factors affecting bamboo strip separation performance. The optimization results showed that when the lifting-chain inclination angle was 66.13°, the speed was 0.246 m·s^?¹, the bamboo strip width was 29.16 mm, and the length was 1 903.88 mm, the predicted separation rate and separation efficiency were 96.86% and 27.65 strips·min^?¹, respectively. The measured results were basically consistent with the predicted values. The system can realize single-strip separation, outer-inner surface recognition, posture flipping, and continuous feeding of bamboo strips, showing good separation performance and feeding stability. Conclusion: This study has established a mechanical analysis and probabilistic modeling method for the separation behavior of naturally stacked bamboo strips, clarified the effects of key structural and process parameters on separation performance. The designed system provides a theoretical basis and engineering reference for the automated upgrading of bamboo-strip rough milling.

Key words: automatic bamboo strip sorting, stacking-state modeling, separation mechanism, continuous feeding system, response surface optimization

中图分类号:

S777

王天宇,雷永杰,张彬,肖飞,杨建华,杨津,周建波. 竹片堆叠分离机理分析与粗铣自动送料系统设计[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(8): 191-205.

Tianyu Wang,Yongjie Lei,Bin Zhang,Fei Xiao,Jianhua Yang,Jin Yang,Jianbo Zhou. Analysis of Separation Mechanism of Bamboo Strip Stacks and Design of an Automatic Feeding System for Rough Milling[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(8): 191-205.

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技术参数Technical parameter	数值Values
整机尺寸（长×宽×高）Overall dimensions (L×W×H)	2 300 mm×2 000 mm×1 800 mm
机器总功率Total power/kW	3.22
升运链转速Conveyor chain speed/(m·s^?1)	0.1~0.3
升运链倾角Conveyor chain inclination/(°)	30~75
加工竹片长度Processed bamboo strip length/mm	1 500~2 100
加工竹片宽度Processed bamboo strip width/mm	25~35
翻面响应时间Flipping response time/s	≤0.5?
竹片分离率Bamboo strip separation rate (%)	96
竹面识别率Bamboo surface recognition accuracy (%)	98.5
粗铣送料速度Rough milling feed speed/(m·min^?1)	≥52

堆叠状态 Stacking state	接触类型 Contact type	临界倾角差 Critical angle difference （Δθ）	分离性判定 Separability judgment
凹＋凹 Concave + concave	黄?青，面 Yellow-green, surface contact	>0	可分离 Separable
凹＋凸 Concave + convex	黄?黄，线 Yellow-yellow, line contact	>0	可分离 Separable
凸＋凹 Convex + concave	青?青，线 Green-green, line contact	>0	可分离 Separable
凸＋凸 Convex + convex	青?黄，面 Green-yellow, surface contact	≤0	难分离 Difficult to separate

试验因素Experimental factor	水平1 Level 1	水平2 Level 2	水平3 Level 3
升运链倾角Conveyor inclination/(°)	55	65	75
升运链转速Conveyor speed/(m·s^?1)	0.15	0.225	0.30
竹片宽度Bamboo strip width/mm	25	30	35
竹片长度Bamboo strip length/mm	1 700	1 900	2 100

序号 No.	倾角 Inclination angle (θ)/(°)	转速 Conveyor speed (v)/(m·s^?1)	宽度 Strip width (w)/mm	长度 Strip length (l)/mm	分离率 Separation rate (%)	分离效率 Separation efficiency/ (strips·min^?1)
1	75	0.150	30	1 900	82.56	24.00
2	55	0.300	30	1 900	85.35	24.07
3	55	0.225	35	1 900	88.79	25.65
4	75	0.225	25	1 900	89.94	26.79
5	55	0.225	30	2 100	91.44	25.44
6	75	0.225	30	1 700	92.67	25.75
7	65	0.225	35	1 700	94.72	28.00
8	65	0.225	25	1700	95.22	27.34
9	65	0.150	35	1 900	82.91	23.15
10	65	0.150	25	1 900	83.97	24.39
11	65	0.150	30	1 700	84.73	23.60
12	65	0.150	30	2 100	84.26	23.49
13	65	0.225	35	2 100	93.52	26.42
14	65	0.300	30	1 700	87.64	22.90
15	65	0.300	30	2 100	88.53	23.29
16	65	0.300	35	1 900	86.54	23.94
17	65	0.300	25	1 900	87.17	23.66
18	65	0.225	25	2 100	94.20	26.65
19	75	0.225	35	1 900	90.79	24.64
20	55	0.225	25	1 900	89.2	23.77
21	75	0.225	30	2 100	92.05	27.24
22	55	0.225	30	1 700	91.42	25.45
23	75	0.300	30	1 900	86.02	24.43
24	55	0.150	30	1 900	82.00	22.00
25	65	0.225	30	1 900	96.50	26.38
26	65	0.225	30	1 900	97.99	27.37
27	65	0.225	30	1 900	96.71	25.84
28	65	0.225	30	1 900	95.71	27.08
29	65	0.225	30	1 900	97.62	26.59

变异来源Source of variation	F	P	显著性Significance
模型Model	59.75	<0.000 1	***
A	5.09	0.039 0	*
B	217.7	<0.000 1	***
A2	208.4	<0.000 1	***
B2	101.1	<0.000 1	***
C2	42.14	<0.000 1	***
D2	3.64	0.075 7
AC	2.85	0.109 7
失拟差Lack of fit	0.930 1	0.580 4