梵净山东北部同域黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的时空分布格局

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究梵净山东北部同域分布的黔金丝猴和藏酋猴的时空分布格局, 了解二者与环境的相互关系, 加深认识二者的种间关系及其生存适应特点。方法: 2017—2020年, 在梵净山东北部的不同海拔与植被类型中布设了66台红外相机, 监测研究黔金丝猴和藏酋猴的时空分布。结果: 藏酋猴在研究区域内普遍分布, 黔金丝猴则主要分布于远离旅游索道的高海拔区域, 且完全重叠于藏酋猴分布范围内。在栖息地选择方面, 藏酋猴呈现普遍选择, 黔金丝猴呈现专一选择。在植被类型选择上, 藏酋猴的分布未见显著差异(P = 0.27), 黔金丝猴呈极显著差异(P < 0.01), 在1 600~1 900 m海拔范围的相对丰富度最高。在植被类型选择上, 藏酋猴的分布未见显著差异(P = 0.27), 黔金丝猴呈极显著差异(P < 0.01), 在中山常绿落叶阔叶林的相对丰富度最高。在共现位点中, 发现黔金丝猴与藏酋猴15天内相遇的位点有45个, 占总监测位点数的68.18%, 占黔金丝猴分布总位点数的91.84%, 栖息地空间重叠度极高。它们在同一位点的的相遇时间不存在显著差异(P = 0.48), 平均5~6天一次, 且不存在季节性变化(P = 0.35)。黔金丝猴与藏酋猴为完全昼行性物种, 黔金丝猴日间为晨昏型活动, 藏酋猴日间为单峰型活动, 二者日活动节律呈极显著差异(P < 0.01), 重叠度为0.76。二者日活动节律存在季节性变化, 季节性重叠程度各有不同(冬= 0.64 < 春= 0.68 < 夏= 0.75 < 秋= 0.82), 但二者的日活动节律均呈现极显著差异(P春夏秋冬 < 0.01)。结论: 通过红外相机监测, 揭示了梵净山东北部的黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的时空分布特点, 表明在时空关系上二者生态位划分明显。同时, 对黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的有效保护和监管工作提供了科学基础数据。

关键词: 黔金丝猴, 藏酋猴, 空间分布, 日活动节律, 红外相机, 梵净山保护区

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of sympatric Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in the northeast of Fanjingshan Reserve, in order to further understand the their interspecific relationship and adaptation characteristics to the environment. Method: From 2017 to 2020, 66 infrared cameras were deployed in different vegetation types and altitudes in the northeast of Fanjingshan Reserve to monitor the temporal and spatial distribution of R. brelichi and M. thibetana. Result: The results showed that M. thibetana were widely distributed in the whole study area, while R. brelichi were mainly located in high-altitude areas far away from tourist trails and the distribution range completely overlapped that of M. thibetana generally was found in variety of habitats, while R. brelichi showed specific selection for habitats. In terms of altitude selection, there was no significant difference (P = 0.27) in the distribution of M. thibetana over various altitudes, while an extremely significant difference (P < 0.01) was found in the distribution of R. brelichi at different altitudes, mostly occupying the habitats from 1 600-1 900 m altitude. In terms of the selection of vegetation types, there was no significant difference in the selection of vegetation types for M. thibetana (P = 0.27), while there was a very significant difference in the distribution of R. brelichi (P < 0.01), with their relative abundance being the highest in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests. Nevertheless, R. brelichi and M. thibetana had the co-occurrence habitats. It was found that there were 45 co-occurring sites in which R. brelichi and M. thibetana met within 15 days, accounting for 68.18% of the total monitored sites and 91.84% of the sites where R. brelichi was ever detected. The spatial overlap of habitats was very high. There was no significant difference in meeting times of the two species at the same site (P = 0.48), and they appeared at the same site once every 5-6 days on average, without any seasonal difference (P = 0.35). R. brelichi and M. thibetana were completely diurnal animals, with R. brelichi more activity at dawn and dusk, and M. thibetana activity around midday. The daily activity patterns of the two species were significantly different (P < 0.01), with the overlap of 0.76. However, the daily activity patterns and the resulting overlap of the two species varied significantly among seasons (P < 0.01). Conclusion: This study has revealed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of R. brelichi and M. thibetana by using camera-trapping in the northeast of Fanjingshan Reserve, indicating that the niche of R. brelichi and M. thibetana varies temporally and spatially. This study provides scientific data for effective protection of R. brelichi and M. thibetana.

Key words: Rhinopithecus brelichi, Macaca thibetana, spatial distribution, daily activity patterns, camera trapping, Fanjingshan Reserve

中图分类号:

S718.63

王丞,李海波,杨朝辉,毕兴,樊涵,粟海军,胡灿实,张明明. 梵净山东北部同域黔金丝猴与藏酋猴的时空分布格局[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(3): 117-128.

Cheng Wang,Haibo Li,Zhaohui Yang,Xing Bi,Han Fan,Haijun Su,Canshi Hu,Mingming Zhang. Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Rhinopithecus brelichi and Macaca thibetana in the Same Region of the Northeast Fanjingshan[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(3): 117-128.

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